faculty of arts, chulalongkorn universityling/contents/file/introlang.pdf · tniujiitnjuijfnwwiin...
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tniuJiitnjuiJfNWWiin 47
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fn-5nlsDmnJs^?Ti3Jfiij't)3JioEi*i-31l'5
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nn?tiJRomi,iJs<J^milunn7i.fi'WYin<jvliJ^/i'i«'iQir« /nan'lsJCSfniQiJpipi'snuLYi-ifi/ntnw
6.1.3 fn?tiJao,uuiJa^,uQ^fn%nti3Jioa^ni?nJaui4uiJa^l,uf2;uunai^
l^fiflR ttfis^w/inwnflilS'nwwsittrnswTi^Dfli^Dn'in/nwnnflfiR (idiolect) m?
48 Tfrcmrcfrm minffmn
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"iun" lui^n/ninlYiBuriasfmflon^uwnrinjffu uaVlwmij8niio*i}fy«fmYiiiMmiflmunaVnn «!wSrifmvi{fa!miflmiina*ioia,o Id^hwniiowriasfivnsSlffnwiii:;u.wnw-i^ni^liJQCJ'KjT.-j frm "um" lw3njjflniiB^ |̂«/nwTlntiTjnfiwflflo "a^riifliwUiirmirtfavifta fl 4 in fIfiJYiijuasieuiYiSlcn'i" Iwa/nwflnrinQintffiqivifitro'h/nMnS^iJijnRn^^mT^ogYinjjnR^fiQ^iiwnm^LRn^vtQO6] Twofmwuwnrin^iSnifeDrfljj
Wflonn^iiJSaTiuiJa^iio^/inwn&iviwnofl^n^iiJSowuila^fiifififulwsiJijnRn'a
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crjiflfrh /nin^iiJa'omiJa^tfifuwo*^^
6.2 thulflTOMiuiflflni?iil3uuuil(N
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fmiilfJOTimlimKwmn 49
n7tuija^iJ?«Itifim7}j'l,u/i'itin,lYitJ^Ll3J '̂in/in '̂iL!itJ,un,B,u iMffufm^ilila)/ntt'i>^uai Bdn^nwnwi^B^^nnT.wwBwfcn^s^Ln'wliJ^/i'itj'i^fl n-nuJiaDmiilaoUi/ntn
6.2.1 msuWumiiJgNlufi&fh
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ofmfhrwtfrm (2416)
mzifo fmmwstino~m fimYimsYrno
So ftaein-miAiou.imfian mis*
iviSbmbthofmfin'nTnvin
tnil:^ fiatJ-i^fi,wl,S15"i?^4hfip!|-iti1,w,nao
Ivflviaaansjivi'u
Nsmiijnijjflijimsijtu'flflumi-m (2525)
m (vO iftw-iairitavift3ibsi,jiY)
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ua^tfifao^jj
uanTintfmimflnnfifnimiwnrinon^
50 fawrrcfrin imnfTmn
ffmmftsiuriliitf (2416)
ufh flBBQCj-as^iilwYiam^B-aw-i,rioina*UJffo4bflwiJu
aim uila-hno,flwncjerfltfftaflnuflneflnrina'imniu, rino
foasnmvifiB'u flQnavmogh-aia'nifoEj
db anda-a amas^i fienam
iiJwfoi
?hasnmvii)eu fmuvimori'vaffu
iawio iil'Ufl-i^flfuitf'u, u-wflfiitn
lOftWlSu flBllB0Lllua'lCJtJ'T3elL^?ritJuaUwuaifon1J011JwftrSu
i«inijn™^ijw«ftatmo"m (2525)
aim u. fWUj,n"'ni,fta
OB naT3flni^BL%f1^V17Bl^B<l>l'
idruaio u. rciJiJia^iieorun-icj
T^ailf tntimnofn-nm
vnnvNBOvifB '̂Jw.viaBfiay^T/u
i«n
SjanwmsiflwanoWirun'iEj
iSumoifiuiiBOJamas
lbsaiYineo'S'van-itJ
^nn^ednotfnoim&sifluV'h v^^w^n?w^<iviB^s^teni,Clwpi'3ii,Yi,uiiB-ana<ifl-iiiaor^fl/ntntfu {nifteiiaaoaffmiaQfaziinTyu^fidfiifiianlf (obsolete) nnfunflfWlvw (new entries) uasflificntfWWfo 2
fmulitoumJawiwmn 51
affmiwS!fl^nmilaWiiJao1,ufli™^^^rasyiBMn'iiiiJStjmtilaoYi'ion'iteBniSooiiBOfin^u n-nfifl-ifin-manltf ififilvnJ vileiiJaWuiJaofmNYwnoliJNntfSanivi^vian^ Tufitf^s^^nitunn^ntT'ifi-ifi'oiJ's-inflWu 2 afft) uwCifl™vwnBuwiflnon\iflenUJ mmvi^nofiuwnw'iofi'WBBnlil^sBgluil'ssi/iYi'lflirio
fi. fmamanufiTMQon (Widening)
JWn^uwvifUlu/nw'i&'HfUi 2 affEJurififl^NViinulmti'iffa namfiflfHiWuatfofflvmn'h fifni^vnj-iouinii'wi-i^ifitilTflTiawcjinn *Wi/n*nVntJ bi Lipitftoiflfl$3fmjjwno*h "tieoa-nuaovia" Itfqnu am iafifmNvuna-ri "tfeomtniaoYia"frm en fjflinwviwnonfioBBnflo^i^^'in'lTi ffruyifirmflritf n.n. 2416 uasWmn^n^jjaifcjtf^ifa nanifla lufrmnfiinunWlvTftQniJVtinEm
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81 tfaOTIBOVia BIT VllBBIinlfl
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v. fmuMUicjumjuh (Narrowing)
n^foitfnijffijalnwiusiiJaWi^^ n. tfioeniflninoflnnuafloanidmsnniiil^^ fl"mItf LfiEJVJjjnofn'HJ'an "^ama" uwWh^tfu dn^wdn "ifl-wliT fiwnofma'hifluI-jfnfflflvifioIflOL'avns fi\ifflfl?n«viNn0VhrjliJ'ft "UiarntT flTin meat Vu/ntnov*m|wifi0flfm«YimEJ'j'n "flivm" (ua^fiin^vi^-iD^fi'ofioi^HB^i'a'wns'l'Wfl'i'J'i
52 Tnufnifrin imnVfrnn
sweet meat flovunufio "nowa-m") wflwCh^tfu frm meat fifmjjvuno'h"lfiOflfl'5" lYh&l
fi. fmutiJJiutfoU'liiTi'Nfiunfli
uriaEJona-npoifaovifBnTjnisTi-i^oLfl'uelTwwu uasliiaTjfmihiniflmNfl infiihjnilfuYieu,u\i3jnflantifusn'3n3Jvi3j'iEJi{lunano -q 11K1 rinri "iBfi" fotf^iMifmajvijnEjliAwyn-aauitlMfinviDiu Iwa^flwlnotfuuwifijjvi^ntifl^ "r\i o^iiflwmiJYiinona'N'ininffu \tf\" fofmaamiaslYimvmanltfBy dJoffatfnanflifluffavimiAiJufo (fqnfivnAnSmnWiiYmri-itf i4m?j/ltffh*ii "ion" ^ofjnQn3Jvi^nEJi!!J^na-io6id'-in-i-jl,5ruYi,uS'oriiifiwidUJ aiti "tan" na-rc iiJaWiJJifmiJVianHlwroaijffltf
fl-i-i-i im iftoCminNYijn&Qnin&viTJNfrrtil tf^iftflw/nwnlYiEm^iYivnimflfmijmno'h (piilil '̂iivitB^vilomo 4*iflwmiJvi*nEjfioglwn<3aij
aniinanQa^iilflQnnniiilaBmiilaoWiaofl^nnjnmmvilBtfeEjao uaslwifej-afm^vnjntJiJ'ss^n^'iurfasf'I'i^D
6.2.2 fmuJSuimiJawNiihN
T4an^'infi'ii?suapioLvii,vi,wn*i*5iilatjmiilaoYinon'3'i3Jvi3jntji,ia'3 mewa-unio
avoinwivl^nn?iilaomiiJaoYi'ioLStJOiiBOfi*il^Bnfl'3EJ Vna^QNntfnoflmia^-htniinififjii
phifjem 2 aij'tiL'S'i^SL^U'iifjn'i'jtfcjn^LiPinwionw nniiiitmfiiiwirinomitfinofifta'niilmfaoanuiQfluBouffl'asaij'ti1 iimiJmtfiWlo^ffnirclfiiiriQ ninmifflnrinofu'qif'un'na^lfl-han^ilwrnastfauT/m^ iTfaT.wtifcjytfn'iafi 5 iflembcj-1 (tfivifijfnwTbfi) ufllutf^tfuifitm'h vi riuiM'fttffafofatofiyilfi'i']ia*tufluYmjftD bo an^^^Cinn'5LiJatJWLiilao3j*i?'33jniJt^tJofiuYiwfl'3ti u uaVluaiftjfrfmafi 5 LiatiyL!lEjmiYi,wiSEJo^-i'3jjn\i,rtn '̂3£j v
nn7iiJaEjmtiJaoYinoJoo^nn?oV^nnirB^aYi*ioffl'3i!io,w^ lumofifonuapionntiila^miilaoi-avnsVwh^tn iihi 1/33 0 (ftom-flnviffnfi l) rfo (foiSemtf^tfu) foadnotfttnivmBnTi-ns - oo fophonu -o uriifoaaouiiiiuYmuteo ao Sofiffliofla yioo T,N'ST,3nr3iuqnpi thu Yfo SfbfaTJtuqnw fl-3imiwnphofliona"ntf uawonn?iAlRDmiiJaoYnoia*ooQr5wqnmjBOfl-itf uwn"i-JiilaEJUiiiJaoYno'3?*5wqnw^l}j^?i
1 tfniTiiftoijffnirclifluaemnSnviahtf l rVufi'nTi'jlSlu/nTdnifitiu^^OuTli'n^s^wJimiilo^
fmnJtJinimJawfmmn 53
niiflnau^fifianBtus'WEj'iofli.iiiiJi.fitiQnij moo \,4u Imnpmufh pioo (fto) vile ooo(So)
anwmsYinoJyo^ufflnwnonwwn«vianj'i\tw'3i!itJ,wif\i ol^SflihfimaYnsUiri'i8!ifitnuuij moo u^ifififfiJ^n^nMiMJjnnfiSla'nisiusifScj'jrTw vi\Hw fraadio 00*1-in thiyin?*wq/nw*ufl£m«ffcj 1.5 i7nnSswimfl^nanuNnnfhfo\m'JEJ bej luaiftj 7.5mifitimflu ej Wh^tfu \.4m beja ibSu iA\nfo^imi!)Ejmi)u gn lSu Yifihj-mtfihlvTinawiifiw5nTilfl>''3*iiSlD'3f(uTiw^D do un^nmmiiJaomiilaonanBiiluiJEJO ejanwmsnniiJa'omttJaoYnoJoofimpi^ bej—>ej tf iflwmiiJaomiilaoYinoJoo^wn/inw'ifi'ia?i*fflnw-in,w ivnnsnTnilaomiilaoflonan^in'i'lvT-jsuinJEJOijeo/ntn 2 ajMn^mmnphofvu Iwniw neo bej—>ej \m tfn/ntnfinawin^na-ndn-JsuiiJoouBO/ntnajTEj 7.5 fofmoifteo bej uas ej tfutrufitJij
ffuisuutftoo/iitnih^tfu tfofiumScu ej wn mia '̂hSnn?iilaomiilaom'ioia*EJOuuufn'"m'3matEJoap)ao nniiiJaouuiJaoYinoiSooBn^fjlwanwwtBm '̂wlwnt^iiiBOLSoo a"yriEJfni T/u/nanT/non^oimvntf^im fmn^oiYwnrtwlvi^iJOomilEW -a mnofh \tiiifii'fiwiztiznmlvfiitin'nn a vfloUi iifu rinfa ihia ana l-jiqimqi fl-i-vifflih-1n N"m ad"ioT,'5n?njj1,ufn'io3j/ntnBont]w v$m tennis gas fiuta'iEjn^oiYiYn^™™vbJtfatJBBniJEJo -s na irmfta una ?iaT,iJn-ifiulYiEjn^oin,wnei'3,u?j'inBanJoo-s TTnorinSM^tf/nwi^Yiun^oiYiYnfi flfl iftooa Vila s T.w/inwn^oan^ili'inflVifo^ '̂Wfl'i i^u aio vtlairitJfi'U'iKi lYmfta ihlalimufhSBBmftoOLfcYnSflUflnmtfu
R^iJliftnnTJiiJBWiiJaoYnoiftoA^^mfiniiiSool'un'idQMlvi^jiiBO/ntn Lmn^Clpi'iBd'ioijaon-i^i.ilaEjmiilaoyi'ioi^EJoflmflisYnslWhinofh uwljiifififfijflnri'Jw'Lvi^jiiQ^/inwnffl^
6.2.3 niiidStimiiJaMiVbtnnm
<uanmnnT3iilaEjmi,ilaoYnoLSEJOi,iat''3 /nttnoouapionn?daWiiJaom'ioYtaEn-nituen^EJ nn?iiJ^omiiJaoYino\ionn?mnuBi^vj^n7twilmiJ,w 2 \xwi fie niinlaowiiilaoiiBOisiiijT.'JEnn'Jtu vifanniiilaomiilaoYino^QonniwiJBOfnni.vltJon'iLflO'j Wntnaonqttirii (Old English) fl'nunjmiiumflwfl'iuimnfliriEJ (masculinegender) fhunmvmvi^o (feminine gender) iiasfl'iTnijffliiflivM (neutergender) fnnunwuwasmffoo^nunndaownwvi^i'j^j'i'Wfi'wii (stem) pho^itfu fl-miatvmrimioniilu*pui^m -o jTWffviYi -a fi-i'W'iJj^iii'wnL^fiii.asjnuffiMii^sSlnn?nisiinonnLvlBiiBnL^fiuasnn'3n€lH*jiluiiiJpi"ion<w nnunmvmnoj-mffvm -a floiiJuflnvniJviNQ^VKyfiqmsfSnn™^ "hund" "vim"
54 Tfrcwi?wi?i imnffmn
1. nrjpjn'nnuasn'najnTsn
(uaflonT5iflmbsfi*muas
n-nuprco)
2. aWufinninCuafUfmrnflw
ifiuao)
3. a^iJYnwmin diatom?
iflwminEu)
GtaflonTniUmfifBofla)
^iltanii^tl
hund
hundes
hunde
^iJllljWM
hundas
hunda
hundum
luflittiaonqttatfEina'io (Middle English) Jooa^sl'uviEJ'iofliriEjfoT.jjaoia*oovitfn^eama*BoiAlma*Eio ibbs uas '̂3i!lo<u/i'iw'iBonti«awonano^si,LYi,ufl'3Ejffl'3 eivnnsfcsmqiJfh hundas hunda hundum ^otilaEjmCJ'w hundes hundeuaz hundem waantJEJomnEj'l'u hunde hundem ^aan^EJoSn FJotfufl-iwrn hund
loiviaaivlEJo 2 ill nofiJ hund uas hundes ifiao^nflnunNfi^n'Uff'ttm -a iiluin'i'vnsjdTwlvityl'w/ntnBonqw ^iJfi'nrmfii.viae 2 iiJ&iBNnfinaiONnuBnifiEJOfmNimnrino^vmoianYm uaswvjwitohiJu isiJij^onn-jtuaonqwatfolviN vrcaatfEjrifl^nna^DBonqwajMonanoloin^n'iiiilaEjmi.ilaofifoT.vi^i nanQfleflnuniAujniriBonflwImilaowjitonMYmuasn^nenfflalil noiiltoiikiaflovmimnmi
T.Miino/inwnt^/inanT.mo^oljJCin^LiJaomiilaoiilfi'i nTnilaEimiilaoYno\Qonnmtfnibnn£jnVbonn?tfa)aofh iihi luaifoYia^u?nNfhu,vio n-nanaouaofhnfEJi lbi ftfiiii uri ill iihi vtunn^w vunnvirm qianijwmon, Wh^tfum-nneonao lan Mvmi \,4u #mflnvitfoaVUtti)*i
aiiftfldnnn?LiJaomiiJaomnoT,Qonnimi^at^oiiniinniiilaomtilao YrufinwviuiEJiiaoni ua:mn?iila^miiJaomnoia<ooiiaifo^na^^
tfin'hi.vle'u l^iiino/inwnnniiil^omiilaomno^Qonnitun^nin^uw^'a^nsfn'i T/umo/nTrii/!fa/niriBonqttnn?iilaomiJaomno^ mnWunflmitilaomulaorno^QEnnitua dio 3J*in
fmnJaWiiJaMtumin 55
iinT,nVninnniimtfinnn?iilaWiiJao^^dnvifij/inwn^nffln«fioo£l^fiWufQwil-is<nfuBEJ nn?iiJaJomiila-ao*m::iflwmiiJSomilaoluflaofh nniiiJatimiilaoYnoilteo uasnTniJa'omiiJaoYno'taEJ'inm \u
imw 7
O^^uu^snisuiuniifiiiilviifiRn'iiiiJauuuiJfi^luniwi
7.1 tflUiimnl*uJfhmiiiJfN
i?n\flm*nma™n/nttnfifinn?1^^ uarm?LildomdaofUn^fmumnpmnn^^ *Ui
7.1.1 fiiiajfrssAifilufii^QQfiiffu^
lunTsaantJEioifu iSntiiiwwnfiif^fl/inwidB^fflBon^inaBnlvi^aQEJQs'l'un'iTaeniSEJolMYnofJoiEJuasasfnniiniinjj'inmjjfl nto a'laanJoo w mmiu n ^rEJinn'heeniJtJO o wijj^ej n ivms'artiu irm congress flwwfoiflowi'n:;aaniSEJOQi fiamn?a iifl#Yjfl/nfcnaonqttih^tfwseflnifteoQn fiaotnia IwiwiIyion-i-58BnL^EJ0fnuna'i frc Ennn'iivifB^asfnniYi'inun'i-JBaniSEJO fi lcid^ mnsrctf^aaw/nirftmofoffnaav^^ m??:noiiaflolmv1u:hnn7flenia*ooflQim^^
iviqflijYjna'W'Yjnltf "fmuasmn" ^wn?fleniatooW^Nfleom'50'hiyifloircvfoT.sJf^eotf (IriQudntftyfiihlYTiJ^^ ivi$fl^oiilmihnfu? fhwaiififleT/unnrv^tfuri™!^ iJfumenwsiillmJfiiYiYnoiJEJO vifaiJtimannunnmnlfl iitoanqVjfiYjfl'h ifitnffTnsliJvnfjtu^efnvniaEJ (Jvton^friW'ft tfvjflnoflflonTSYjfm fif innni-Nzvurmfto qui vifaiyYjflYj?m vujatilo urm vwaiilao tpfonfnoflnV'i'liiJ'wviiJBtilao an^mas^VWUJvnwjofiwfitnrru vifflthtytfolNf^nviNefmtfm iila'o ivmzSfl-uaofiulYiEiin tiloiJuMia-iij^
1 n^ncmitfutffiVmnLifmi^vitiqjifurmijnB-i uwlwfitfnRn'jfi'aRnwwtni'JiflBOulvi'jo^tJ'JSOoniStj '̂ii iSoon-JunRnoonlffr
il^9ouagfi?gii*i\ini?fiTii,lmf1ftfnniJ!{»miiJa^1iinnn 57
7.1.2 fkfenflflllJflfl
mJaoyno/n*n
7.1.2.1 fma*ffini)BOp)Vjflflfiris/ntn
^f/inwnT,f/inw^annwnn?tu?(i'ioeinw liBOfifo^iyl-iT/i'iw'iCifmwjfn'i-i fhfft^afmavmotf^lNanania^ \,4u ^mtiimzuan-h ijfaph&nEJN'in urinTiltffli "aitunn" la^UfimfSn im^ovjpm \%mi\ia-JEJ^iijmaEj" n-niaanl#fl*i 'sz\.\}?\' N"ia*afn*i3jvm-1EJ "ann" wwmnlvTni "isiiifl"iil^Ejmi.ilaoT.UYnofn'iwviJj'iEJuasni'jH
»««l <a»| i«a 1 _¥ • fiL
vian^in^^amnfnminEJ l*UjaijnmaBfmsjviajnEJ i«^ mo luiaan iwnemm
uymiufo ifvjfiflnanffoDn^jSn^n^nfiinEAilwtj/inw viSoSofmNVMnDfnoifiiftiJemihIvT^ownl^maw^vi'To i^fl/inwnn^ooMfmB^numnHvlof'wvj itfu 'othifiminulan" uYm "oEhiftofimilaV "wsjJEjI^^ili^QfflJjiJEJUPiEiovi^" urm "wmaVUfilbs'JflinwnoiiwfoviliN" nn^flnfuvjifotfa^mn^ ntofrm "w*w" fitn^S3mi«viu"icjiwiiao neviwnonoift,w-i^,wiJBOilf?i'3VifBSoiJBOi,^,vi fluum fiuim frm islo rtfifmuvunoiYfaiu fia vijnufminnflnuWahvifiJfm ivtotfurinfiflfmMYlu'h "ljmun" itfu unoiito vile "liJYho*nwnjJi]n?r itfu ImimfiuifttJ
uan^nn^tf/nwn^^oMtfflnfmnlvun^ inofifo^/inMnon^^ilvTiflfinniiiJSomiJa'aYin^/iniiilwcjflQ'i^f fioVnanQiniJnouaQQTlun-nflo ^ilA^^rtTiYjnnnfl^vjftVjft BoninTfndnflfnniinoflnfiliJirt^fl'3*i3JVi3J-iEJTflEJinfafo ififofienVltfifiiJiiiihtoti vrlofifmw vifaa'ini.Thvnfi'i^SJEJOfianEJfiaofiwuffri iihi fi^iftri'h upmost ivlaiianfmNvm'iEJ'h "goejfl mnflaV unurinflfmltfne utmost tfauWnztfvjfilMvlu'h ut- ^SifliijjvianoBdnoMumsfi upSlfmuviwnouasififfiifiTHJViunEJ'in "goejfl mnfiqn" r\iv frm peas nanoiiluwvjYnifaaofrm pea ivnns^minU'n peas itasneiifnEjpea+s ^ouanwvjvm moeifmo(qu,a''3 ffatfifimflufliuiJjffUiu'irinu'Ju (uncountable noun)
7.1.2.2 fTUSTlB
luffofijAfififlnadeijflfnnmwnrin^
iiiu "Luatnu/nwYnonTJflntn linonuVfijnniflnwniToaw'invifoljjWi'iinn'jSnwnl\iiJWSYlijnofnufinn?^nwnit?riiil1qjty'iPi1vifBgon'i'i fmmwnnnoluflinu/niNYnoefofitKi SalQ\imnlvTil7taiinnitumno/inwnTJBO^?iuffln^ion%iBBnvlil fjVjn/nfcnfiijnTj
58 TnwfmtVm minfffnn
fintngoffnfiflinijfmno/nwnwnoibsimm TflEJfJVjnLVia^u?u^sB8niSoo1.navnijfi-i?inoil?siYifi^Viuf^n iifu irrh tennis pjf/ntnSonflttffnaeni.ffcjo -s tfntifrilfV nnTeaniftooflnommutarjEJ -s miofhuSt tnv/iiVvfyliJf/nin8^3nT]miri£ifl^^ fnfipjeaniJEiovmiuN-inffu iJejo -s ^ol^lifloil-snnflm^ofi'i'luisiJiiiSEio/i'iii'ilYiEJW'inaufiB*i^il-nni)1lm{lu*iiaoB?"53Jfin1liJ ^ona,'nV'inj"iusYnoavofi3J uazflinjqefoiiaopjVjflmien ifioQn^ijpusmnoffoflNiieo^iasiiao^^^ulatimiiJaolu/ntnmilfl
a^fmoua^iNWauifluSoi^
iiuufi-u^rTu fT^fflfTna'TJttdVluiiYifl 4 anwwsfm^iuwnwnoYnomfi anq n*V5flntn jTusmoftoflw nan a^mmmnlvTm^iJ/inwn^ufflnfflnonuBu^suiT.il^n'i?iiJatJuuilaoiiBO/i-iw-iidBi.'janw'iulin.ufi^fi
7.1.3 fmuitffyfrnmhinitfvifn?
ninm^ftyrnQYiunrn^innTJ fldQum^vT/inwnlfiot'a^nsfiaofiniiJ^EJuliIItfad'io'nm-h fmm^ltynn^viunmno^rinnifiwam^^^ fmNflfllvrcj6!iTu foflfmsmiflufhsfleovnfrifU:^^^ fntnyjn/inwnfflnofiSiBnn?^^smn1,vi^^fi'i'lviiJsifulf itfunniafnoflnfjulvm B'msTflEJ'jflwasjfh vifBiiJaouiiilaoanwmsijnoilisnn?iiBOfnnfilfBEJua'3 aifi afiofh unulo iu^nniiuifh^a 2 fhmwaunu vifBaf-iofh Imiffvw ifuTfioQfn'nainainjuvl'3Enn-ituav'uanf]?i vtfa3^nnwnoil?simfim,5il£jnSo,uuiir*i3jn iiiu fiaavniPiBf vifeuiJafnnwnoilisLmfiu'ulvTiilufi'i'lu/i'iw'iiiBowu itfu mirm ^oiflufinlnEifmila^'in
Red Cross QffrrsSrwpf'VNinfi^ LiiJa^m^flf3waI^owionv'iin'i'5iil^EJUuilao'lufia"oft'i
uasBn^fiwan'JsmijmnlvTmfinniiila^^
uaniviuWlihnnfiflQnm^tymQvm^fi*i1vi3J'r|uuua''3 iinofifoflnin'n^miJaoufiQi^viwnown^fiQnwi^f^nn^viU'i \,4i\ 1u/n^naonnw pen ifiovmofioihnnnijuunuiiiiwaofajvifin idevjfino pen fmfivjfl/inwnaonqw^^iTufi^sfln^oilnnnnqnauvifBViSn^I?io^unpoi)nnnniiuuniao wouu^oB'i^nan'jV'i'ifiQ'iiJviri'iEJiiBOfl'i'i'i pen umilaEJuliJ pnjmwju'in'niiBoihnmuan^nntf^ovia>iflofftflna^3ma™o£ltf^^ kvipjn-mifrnonn?ifiBo^oani9etowan?SYiijnun"i-5iilaEJUUiJaoBU'ifi?i nn?fif5inaT,moatfEJwai,anLib3jwtugaiuum ifonfaoadnoiiJumnon*nlu n.ff.253i 'IvTSmTjaemfteoph *?-a tiasiSoofnunailvT^t^uuu ClwamnlvTn-jriian'i'JiilaomLiJao '̂iniSEJo ? tiJu a uas^nn
i^oo^^Tfu^fiQiinaiiiJmfioowEr^j'tfusifiEj'JifraBPi'jao nn-nfonfaoiiaofjijnamnl/mnfl
Jlg^miasfnginutnyfJTiilmftwfn'yiiJauumJa '̂lufnMi 59
nni^uw^oini'qT.iJ'i'in'i-jl^BaniSEJOPi'Q i vi?Btf}oofniina*i1vT^^uuu iilum-seenJoofliwnlYiEjftl^mj'iw-jj'iu iyvjf)/inwnlmoiiJu<nuQUwnnfiSifin^o«iiaonn'5Vj«/i-iw'i^n^jnudawwaoisionnivj^aoiiinlvhnoni-ijjsj'ipi'sj'iu vrcaflmiilaon'nYjfliJBOi.inT.vTwha^sfiiiN'w^'iu wafiflan-jsinum^iilaEJuuiJaoinn^EJO i a ua^iniJEiofniinaStfJuia^ow&tytfustfioQrcaBFhao
faavoinffllmI?Bo^fowno'qm"Vna'i'33j*iua'QnnB nousT'inn'rji.ilaEJUuiJaouBO/nttnen^inmfluwa^nnifomvia'itfn'pnN iiwL*5n^an^m'iunEjV'3niSBCiif^^EJLVia"iuredno1flBdioviu!oiia''3 ^sflwaThlvfrnw'HilSouiiiJa* fmjjarfnnlunniaBni^EJOLiluif^^Ej^^ftYnom'/nw'iB'i^iilaouuilao u^LVi^n'iituYnon'ri^Boi.ilu ulEJinEJiiaoffijnanan^flwam^vmfiYi'io^onoulilV flofoad'ioYiEinjj'maQ ^oan^aiiAfrhn-niiJaEJUUiJaouBO/ntniful^Bn^nnviufilft luiQantf^tfuwnivlDJumflufmmflnffa*vifanTniibuao/ntn uasfln^saaoLViufmNTumB'ooTAAum^
uminldaiNniauulVlfrhn?^^
7.2 n?siJii4ni^^cniHi,f1^ni?tiJau,uuiJa4,uni«i
mT,flna'nQfiotf^Brino^fie^£jwamnH^^ 1uflEm&rwsltfnan^ffamsinunn?^ mzmunniivia^&iJumsiiQunnifiun/nttnff^Juiia? nananuEivi^o mtiiQunniivial'i^i,iJun'5^ii'3unn*5BBii"iEjn'i7i,ilaEjmi,iJao fiUn«inum7tinunon*miJa,tJuiiiJao
7.2.1 nreiniifmfmflfntJiihN (Sound Change)
tru-nffntn/nin 2 atfouarwii^nfinniiila^uuilaomnoJEio t/msivm-h
nniiilaouuilaomnoi!iooLVial"iiJuLn^u^nnil'52L/iYi?ino i uaonTsnanEJuteoFialiltf i4u
7.2.1.1 nTsnaanauiJEJQ (assimilation) rmooroiltufri
t\ congress liIu fiaoinia uafloT/vftvmQnfinntnaNnamS&omfliJU fia iftcjo u(n)?oaglnanuiS£jo g in^na^naulvTtihniiLSEJO g anniu TpiEjna-iEJjj'uiluiJtJO o t!oSfmmvifiou n mn&rfu
7.2.1.2 frmfimSm (sound insertion) irrh glimpselu/ntnaonciw ih^ifutfnifioiin\ifHp)3J'h glimsen uain^viUQnfinn'HYtoiJEJO-p- itf-ili] frm ecole "IionEJu" lu/nwipJfoifiaiJJoifltiiifTu/nwiasfludn
60 tawmfTni mmffmn
scola (vife school tu/n*neonqw) uainSsi.vlu'h /ntnpJfoifiafSni^jj^EJO eitfihJflrfufh
7.2.1.3 nTsgqnffao (sound loss) nT?a;tyia*tJotfniiDunT5Piflkuao^nnn^^LfiEJOivian^uBglu^EjnofnfuijaoifiEJOViun vifaBEjluwnuviuo^vjrfljjaoiSEJOviun i.iu LujnwTlYiEJ fl°n 2 v^Ejno^sflvjEjnonvifio^aoJEJOi.iinn'j'ian^EJ'ioflviuo itfu
lu fi-ran viuosfo pJVjfifiulyiEiei'JulviqiBBniSEioQ-i tfoSa TfiEjfiwEjnomi?n^jaoiatDoviu'nnn^aoiattioviunlAME)noflu'^ itfu nnuteo an i?Juiftoo as Vila lees unofifoiftoo^TswqnrimilaDuliI T/unmiieoviuoa*B -mtugnrfluv< ejionwunanejiiJm^EJonanoumm^EJO^?m
Wmi 3JZ3J10 Lii^itLvfuQTWEnonuinljJaoJEJoviiXn MEJoais at vife
laa^ uasMaoirsaiEjnpina'io nnirufiEJiifriuViii vwnnjbo lu/ntnTJoib-mfliu^nnvianfi l L?nn^2i^uTna?2T,u^EjnoflLi?n^eofi-iuwLSEJOEj*i'3 fia an uasCi
^EJOWEfcyimsiriEjfle -n ffoti m8n^eBijnEjnnmla£JUi,iilaoii8o vunnatao >u^ijqo tenLn^^inniim^EJionuinna vunn laaoiJEJOviun mnlvun^nnia^jEJoa^
an aoiilu as Lilu vitfnabo ua^L^ainfin^gtytSoov^ET^futYriEJ-n uasn'miJa'EJUuilaomnoia*EJOQTjtu£|nri?r}EJ fhu\3nanEJNi8flniJtioi,{lmi23no nnia;tyia*EJom-it)fi'hJaoJEJOViun edio^ulunmuBo vunnabo >usano $ LiJmfaoiJnwfii^ilulu/ntnwno6!
n^2iJ'3un',i'5na-iEJLSEJo^Ejn3j'iufi!IJuiinon?2iJQun',i'5i,YinT4U tfoSn'ssiJ'iunTSBU^anwnn^o^2flwanii^-iw'iiiwn?i"ionulil lnonizinunnin^wariannTiiJaEJUinJaovian^ao/nwnitfunmiJBoniiaoi&Joiin^^/ntneonqti ua^taEjmil.mn^nn'siilaEJUuilaopiBiUBOYinolQEjnnifu (^ 6.2.3)iinon?2ii'3unn?mfi?iniiJEJOiJBOflnLilufl'ieivlil itfu nn?aaimiieoi.a*EJo(metathesis)frm ask tf^tfuifSaimEJunu axian ^oaemffooiiJu aksian lu/ntnaonrimniuu iilufnadnoiiaon-n&iiftaBO -ks iilu -sk
7.2.3 fmflufh (Lexical Borrowing)
^Tmlflfiflnmijefin^firiBnii^ uuliwimuao iflfaottf eivmnTsnu waBPWUflQnNfififhiflnw'ioeanT.iJ ifja^flBOYjmioioiiaoT.vi^vifefmNflflivijJ6! ^noaBnliJufnLn^fiQ^^LiJum^2fflaovinnn '̂i'lfmB*lvTSenypJ'vfoV n^vinfnnlvi^^nT.fuumnV^EjlBn'i'JW'io'q itfu WflnT.u/nwnfiflaEJwfoiia2Clfl '̂iJJViJjnEi'lna*'LflEJonijfl'3-i3JVi3j'iEjT,vi3J Tfuinpi Angles vnaaontiwumftouuiftJnLYini.vi^ffluviuflBQ'i god idB^nfiJiBnfinaunftfawSnnl^jTunklEjnws^iJutfi'i-igod vifana'iiBnu'EJViuofoltffi'm god fruftovmnEJaaimmtfniiBovnnwujnltfvijnEi
ilflftiua«fnginiifinflVii,lmfltifniiiJSltnim]iwlwnin 61
60 iNitLilm^ilufnaunfifaw fh^ofifmaviinMiJScmUJ BniBnnivmomtfnuwnnnflB nniafnonn '̂ulviw^EJQBn'iiiu^fiflaglu/i-iwniTiu T/u/ninTjiEj'ltfn'nlbsaijfnlvilflufhibsaij phadnoiiu idadu'mlo^oiiJuiiBolvi^ifiEJi.^uviiBflnsjnriau flulmEjnibsajj ut mnu uflo i£lu unim I'fiea'afmNviJnEJU uen^innT5ib2a*jfhua,''3 /n^TliiEJtiol^Bn-i'sasj-ia^LlEjn'i-i "avna" Min^B^nifuanflvwpiouri 2 ffvw!m\ilNnrieiiluffYm^ TJolmEiu'ijnfimiilaoltffhiiu Tynpfvw ifM™dnoiiaon^ihfh In? (a^uant|?i) *najnariii ffvim(a*uannffl) LviavmEjfionTSflflflaiiiJiJvifoifie^ fhri&flufhfoIwiJinnflWu/inwniJ^vifB^uantiffluAmEjaf-ioTl'uLBO ^DaiffEJViannTsasjna IStitjSniBViflo^oHnu3J-inflB Ifinniftorin/ninfl'uibsiYifi ISnnitfiflulftoTjftoiMnrifiamasfSwanismimno/nttivianEJibsnTi
7.2.3.1 fhfhitiijffwi (Loan Words)
lBnn?S^n^/inwnwnoiJi2Lmm^nWifufiwnnn'3"iviuoiB nTsSjjfhuiJijVfiJff^miilu^Bn^viflofoonEJ^EjPi asfnnuasnmhflqn flnmS^uiJiimiJfivimiTisjn^uTflEjrnUJ Sfn^sqnfTfluiJaAvTi^nfTij'5siJiJifltioiio^/inwni|Bw maVeen^EJoVo'iEJiihnTSilfu^EJOtiu^fjanwtu^tiJuuuiJUWU^^u footho rtu rinSN/nwndfrifiaftaifto*a idoifiliJDglu/nwnff^ntiwsiiJ^mllu "la itfu fine [flu] >fine flvlu],lion [a-aaol lion Cta-aau] fridfoifiafiMEJO g vflofiifiowrju ou idofluiinVlu/ntneonqti ^saaniJEJOiilu ian itfu epouse [io-iJa] >spouse [aiihtf]fri/nttnaonqtifiElmtfnanl/i^ namflBinnlu/in^naontiwYinnnfflBoCi^EjnofimaoiSEJOViun 1 YJEjnofi iiJu^ computer,super idoqnSmtfnunlu/nanlYicjuiJU^iaaa ^uijnonfo^EjnonQ^m^EJ^^^Bani^OLiiu^EJogoffln^iwgnffllm^EJ itfuflajjvnma %Mq nniaoifteoviuTiWiEnofla^^Eiiieof^fiifiiSufi-iaBOviEJ-iofl^uliJ ^QUSJinnao^DOViun^Diofi^m'iD itfu rmiftu IvMnuifflnn Sn^adnovivionBn-r^n stew iaStofitytfusibsaa st- agmwEJ-iofl iftoonS^i^wnT,u/in«iYlmEj^ovl3jfSvjtityTru2iJ'52a3JiiiJiJUV f)ulmEjniJfu1,vTaBni8EJOonEJiirnIf»EJrrmvimfto* as (a) rinUJviao s VhWflnuoQmScwiflu 2 viEjnofi 80 asg
uon^nnmiffmilaoiriftolvTitfnrTu^^ fiofin-nffauiJa^f1n!l«lvTi^nrTiJisiiiAQDin7iiiiioo/inwni|B?jSn itfu ffru™/nwnftnqwWh^tfuT,3jiJoi,vjfi (gender) iifllu/niriLEJBitfufnuiNETofloa^fnunmwfnno (masculine noun) fhunjnvmviqjo (feminine noun) vifartnu-iuffliifiLnfi (neuter noun) idoSjnniS«flnun*isnnnnwn«Yant|wiiTliAu/inttnlEje-stfu iriumvia'nu^fasflooiioivifi T^tjVnlil'nSiBn'n 2 adnom^unniT/vuYifi
62 ftnwmyVm mviffmii
urimunNfiflmrilil iBVifonfo^nniilmo^EJO^aofh aniilviuonflB flinmflflmff'iliJu\iSim™vi3nEJinEJQtfBon\ifrft^ TflDmVUJfrmnmEJBiffufiiiluinfTHiyo DsaoefoEJutoo -a urfflnun^i^fiifnEJuasT.^flm^tao^EJiSEJOVjS'̂ ifur innsfistfumm stress mSmtf^iAu/ntniflentfu nSsqnmviufllvTiSumunmwf'jinEJvifamunNUiSiym -s^vi'i'ion'iu'iJji.vifi'ffnEjnuT.jJSmfi flenVWffiSfl 2 na qrmjjviwnEiiiBOflnS^^lna^flEJomnon^wviw'iEjniJfi'i'lfi frrh stress 1na*iflEJOYnofmw
visjiEjnii Kampf "miwotfufaflu" vrlo Druck "finunfitfu" iaiilumunijmfnnEiyfofj fiotfu stress ?oSn^n^vi«nEJ^iAumnuBomEJ^nu^ognnnviu^T,m!!Jun*iun3JinfWlfl
uoninnrin^sqnwJSouuiJaAYHifa^Suutf? AnSiJEToVfijnn^iilaEJUuilaoTu^nufl^nwviJjnEJ^Bon'ifin^QEi i^BonTSulatiuiiilaoYnofmNvmEjtf LfluiiluLlflo^infi^ulflonEJua23j'niilmf80L^vin2fi"i ffiBdio itfuAaalah lu/nwianvifii uwi^WLi3ualQUiiBonnHi)?2naiJViu'ifi'iBUt^BiJofi'3'i«
vianEJiniiluififaowuflfaona i^BS3JLiT"i3J-i1u/nw'iT,YiEJiilu82vlvia fifmumnfl'hfual'3uiiaotfif80^n?mu'i3jnLiJaEJUUYiuu8om"i m™vmEJulna\8£Jon\imnNVi3nE)i?i3Jupim aslvia fofifmaviinMfiNfufinTi "iiaodniao^otPilEj '̂fl'flm'aa'i '̂ii.iJuvifewBOmi I^EJ^B0^uT,3J^ii)ufT80LiJuLfilB0^ninanl^ " itfu ma^pm "umjtfufini^EJouiiiiuljjfl^iEjfiEJsai qsuun^flMillue^viaefn 5-6 nan"
^onanitenmSafuTOnlumttniiBot^VaEnnitu vifemnavmEJBdno'Uad'ioviuo YiSommm l edionlfl miffouilaouu
rtiulvi^nNsiilunniiilaEJUiiilaomo^ mm/runmoib2imff£lanwmsmoia*EJoWif%on\i?s^
mn mfSaunwm2mio^EJO?!ino^n?2iJijJDoiJBOt5j'El3jjjnn nniflmiiJaomviulmfo^uuarm^gntlsjiinsjnnjjniviuVfm'nLiJun'iSw
nn?flmiilaomoia*Eioii8omElNmNfinanQ3n^^mlumwn^nm^^^nnviu^VonEJQnLilumEljj ivnnsfian^sfkvmlmfoti^u wagmSmtfn«"iliiu"mtfn t^^nEToB-i^jjaoiviulfT^i^uQ'iLilufl'iEljj upiifjBiia'ia'JoiaEjT.iluarniu5uflnn?tilaEJUuilaoT,ilv<ffl3jnijflnBuei fiiflumiftol^mttnuu^iia'a fhfbjftaznaijnau^iJniifi'ii^3j'lumti'iifu^UEJ'in^2^nuunBBnYl^ ivi^u^oiMniinnifiEionu'hmuu^iilumSsj iflumiftotu/ni-n vifeiilufi-i^oaBO/ntnmonSjjjJi^nn/ntnfi 3itfu frm ao lumtniujn Baniftoo-h aoi SmnavijnEjfflion^imlYiEJ'h on fiuilain wapm«tf«tfuflviuo frm ao uWiffn'iaW a eannSsMEJOfnmEJfrrh "on"lumtnlmEiaj-in ^uunfl>inm&sMtfmT,mEJifl3J ednoYbnPim'h on nltflu/nttnlYiEJ
i)g?miagfiisiJimn?f{fii'lmf!yinTfiiJt{umiiJa^1timtn 63
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frm mn "fafymSofifm" u*u iiwiW ifiEjn mnEjfioilaoiin mtfviiilumwnlYiEJYf^iJ imaoflinmvmiiuuBU^Viniilufri^^mfuiluiTtyvniiiJiJfliBdnofi^ iiluifneovijnEiiiaflO'hmEMumtnuu i^BmwnT-umwniiaQijnofifonEjnn^s^^utenflniltu6] iflufhfto
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64 Tfnwmfrm imnffffln
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7.2.3.2 mftoimumla (Loan Translation Words)
^unnina'niaofio^u^?iviflol^ifnEjClviiB,lwifiEjffn viiamma-nfio fmuftovtfBunjJBiiJj foT.^n^n^n?ivi1aun«Bii3J^u^wiliu<lnfl?i3JnfiBU "Wltfilaoo'iEJ mifl?imfuT.vi3JTflEjT,^Bnn^ iipitfnnunaiuaslsjinumi nnitwfmiJijmjp?Yimtfn3n^3jem^^nuaoviiflfmuflfiiiiiuifusjnriBU QBBnQ?viuo^oBn^mT,vTi^^i^W^iJEJ"inTXn ftanniiiilannfiikmu§oiiaoviiaiimuninjjfi?i,ifflfiPi''3?,iBW'3 itfu middle-man /nwilnmi'iunuilaii "fiunano" ^oiilunniuilapiioph isvmo middle nu nano uas mannu fiu standpoint "^fiSu" niilumiuiJaiiiiiiPiiopf'JiiJunu SofiniiBfoinwTinphednonfiB iijftsiflunniiiilaiiimflQfflBfl^
vianviu'iEJiiEjnEjlumtniiBOfiulT' Wfaedio middleman vtuiEnjEnEJftamfjtuffvni"middle" agviunrnvianflBmu'iN "man" mMiuuTflioainoTjaomwiBonqw uwlu
flwtmasnisu'mTniflVii'lmfffiTnwlilunmla '̂iwnin 65
"fiunano" vmiEivianfrnmi "fiu" egviuiviuQEJiiEnEj "nano" euiiluimulnioainolu/mrilyiu
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7.2.4 fnnfiuuuuu (Analogy)
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reiniffirihiii 71
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viuiEjfialuuimanmeifilumtnuiiEinm "vmiEJiftoo" miriYjnmtnSviuiEjia*E)oaisuasvmoia*E)owETtyims viuitii^EJOiiiwgnw^uCSag'luunomw'iiYin'uu itfumyntyiEJ mwmu mwnuug'lumliliiBvlin'iiiasmw'ijIn^iYiIn'luilisimftiljn^In
viuiEJi^EJOiiwasviuiEiT.jJin^siiJuviuiEJifiEJO^tiqjTfus vmiEJiUuoais VlfflVIUlEJiSEJOiiitugnwfSumunYiiviSBunu na '̂iiiunfm'iajviJjiEJUBomT.umwiu'u'q wiadioiifu iftoov^tyimsfiiimumEjmfrmi o ifluvtuiEJiSEJolu/nwiTiyiEJ vnnltfviuiEJiffoou'iimufuSEJOwotyTmsflUiiBom mu ^z\?\fa oiu $oiuumBnmviu^1,umttn\YiDfiClfmajviJjiEJimnmoBBnlu' ffoluuwu^wwaliJu^
nn f • v
mu - LjjanviiuvnuviiBvnjjaoiiBomo6]
onu - "ftoviiaiiaofim"
mWviuiEJi^EJO^iimufiiSEJO^^ifuswiasnfin^slmi-i mo foiiluanmviu'oiiasfifmajviajiEJBnfmajviaj'iovitio
82 fawinfrm imnffmn
mu -"i *>± **
mo - aiuiiBonomEJ
lumwnBoniiwniiuiflEJinuiSEJO^tT^ifusfiiimumEJWiS'nwi m iuuviuiejJejo ideWiiYiuJEJOviEj'̂ Tfuswuueom ban ^sVmlviJJfia man iiasiijaltfiiYmiftooY^flusmEJuaom sun ^sVmlviajflB sum
mluminamiiwnmoriuivjEio l viuiejiSejo itfu mluqmmfld-iowa'tu'u' ^sivluVinm*luii?,iasf)Cifii'i3Jvi3jnomonuBBnvlul
Iifi
^u
aau
1BO
hat
fin
bill
Ian (monu^i^EJOVitiqjifusmO
i$u (mofifufiifteoais)
fien (mofiiSEJOViETqjifusmEj)
ibo (mofiia*EJOintugnPT)
rat (mofSiSEJOVifityTfusmO
fun (mo^i^EJoais)
bitch (mofiiSEJOviEiqjifusmEj)
mlumtnamiwnmonmnnni-i l vmiEJi&Jonlfl itfu
ivteo - ivJeju (monu^ifJEJOv^^ifusiriEJiiasiSEJoiiiwgnn)
ao - efu (monufiiSEioaisiiasiSEJOviEJ^TfusmEj)
i$a - iib (monu^i^EiovitiqjifusriuiiasiSEJOiiiwgnw)
inu - upio (wnoviajpiYfoiSEJovioqjifusfTU Jooais iSejowffnjimsii'iD uasifteoiiitugnw)
church - catch (monufiiSEJOVjEit)j,ifus?TuiiasiSEJoais)
soap - sing (monufiiSEJoaisiiasiclEJO^ETqjiJUS'iriEj)
come - red (movmflmoiftEJOYMtyimswu iftooais uaslSEJOVIEiq)UUS>riEj)
TrnwrfwiMfnin : jwamftw 83
naniUrh mlumanmlajltfrnvfooiSEJO (homonym)1 msSfmmiwnmoynoi^EJoadnouBEJ l miawa ^oa^iMm viu^EJi^EJOiiluviuitjdnfltymm'lvrmCIfmuvi3j'iEjmonwu
9.3 mitn
viuiEJiSEio'wS'tyifusiiasviuiEJi^EJoais iiajn^iuunqm^EJofifliiunfllvity^uilEjnm •wEJiofl T.uunomwni^umwilmEiwmofiiJisnBuiJumDViuiEJiSEJoiiitugnfflSnfan v^mofliiJuviuitjT.umwnfiii!lu^f^nnuIftEJYifivlil imiieomtna-ianinuentflnnwaoiaajeinrii^vi^oiJisnBumEJViEi'iom'iuiunviEJ'iofn wiedno itfu
mtnaonaw /ntnlYiEJ muiuwmofl
ten «! 1 VIEJIOfl
paper mim 2 VIEJIOfl
bicycle ilismim 3 nenofn
automatic rjfiimntn 4 wmon
university #llYlUnW{)l 5 •WEnofl
generalization unDnifjJuwl 6 VIEJIOfl iiJuwu
mwnYinmwnflnginw^unniiiajviuiEJiSEJomiiluiNmofl nainwriffynmwnSivialaunufia vjmomiwasv^EjnorifflBoSviuiDiSEJoaisBdnouBEJ l vmiEJifteo ebu
1WiwnS3fiiYlClflii^ivi«nEJwnof?wiinfli!ltJ^ivifiowfiTioq^wiuvi(t-3 wiiltiniwichtfti fVrwiMiftooiiu fnii m lu/nwilmtj fhivichto^onfoiJIuYi^:™^^^
In fTovlfriflwtfmnnlviN ("oitnsrfl^o^" Ifa-imJIunfrm Su)wifjw^ftirio^ ("vioiiojiijj" Ifl'nmJlLiYifh'h \*jfi)
Wn4flfwniJ1iJYil»Jfl*i-3fi',u lJ-j^Iaflifufi^sSfnnjjnin'Hjm-jfniMviuioV iiJu
fnamiooUjAOEJitfu
il-jsIfjflfljnfi'moi^flfmjjviuiolfT 2 fmumnu ao
1. "vioDO-aioJuoolm'iHi ivmsenqvnn"
2. "OQEJ'3SffHrUOOTIO'3^,ul«fi'
84 Tfrcwrcfrm mirrifffln
viu^EJiftEJOY^ifusfiBglumiivm^liiflumtnmo6! ^uiiaomviuiEJi^EJOiBOiias^uiuiiBOViuiEiiSEJO^ilinn^umuviuouu6! ^nwiYjnmwmsdirBnnvium'n ^umiiviuoviunaisviiBmiiviuowu'WEjnofnuas'lumiiviuaviaoaisvifamEj^moffasalvm^ viu'iei
iSEJO^uiofiili'in{)I?i?)ei1lffluiiplasmiiviu,o uasviuiEiiSEJolpiunofiilnnfliiajnuitlunqajT.rfluuwasmuviuo ivIa^sT.vtiviuV^fii^uiims^wiBdnoiJBo^mofllumtinlYiEJuasm*neonf|ti
ufusmmwiiYiEjmvium'i lumiiviuowuv<Ejnoft9^tTtijifuswui^nuiui3Jifiu2 vmiEiiftoo manaonq^salYMtyTmsflulmio 3 vmiEJiftoo WhiiviuomEiWEnomieomwnlyiEjfJTNEityTfuslimviDO l viuiejiSejo urimwnaonqttaltmnnfio 4 vmiEiiftoo itfu
fii%n lno fmnfunqu
AiuMitanumj'Nfl
wfltyimstfu 1 vmiEJiffao <*
£10 hat
2 vmiEJufcjo ljan stop
3 vmiEJiffao X splash
AiumtatficjifitJ'Nfl
wffojimnrio l viuiEiiffao Cta man
2 viuiejiSejo X left
3 VIUlEJlffajO X desks
4 VIUlEJltfojO X twelfths
uan^nn5iniu^uiiao^nuiuviuiEJi^EJofi8n^^silim|)T.uwniiviuofflu^Ejnofiiiasm'nEiviEinofi^ol.upriBd'ioTr'io^uu^iiai fl'oCinginw'ri'luiiBO^m^iviuiEJiSEJo'lpi^su,inn{)lriT,umiiviuomi^Ejnorivii8YhEJViEjnori iilu viuiEjJEJofiiiYiumEifliantti ajlumttnhiEi uas m Tu/ntneonqti aiajiiniJi'in^lumiiviuoffluiNEnonfiViriEJiNEJ'iofl^rflu'noaaom^n itfulum arm maj meet jam iiluriu urivmiEJjEjo^iiYiumo^ian^i o lumwnlyiEJ uas ng lumttnaonnwuu^su'i'infllumiiviuofflu^EinonnlriviiBmEJvyEjnorinT.^umwnT.Yio itfu onu uno iilutfu urflumttiaonqwviuiEJilteouilinn{)T,fe^ fiolum thing,
Tfinfffmifljmtn : iifomflm 85
young lumiiviuowuviEnomSEJofiiiYiumEjS'nwi ng ^slaJifiEJilinnflne^sLjClmitfu *ngupl *nqouse lumwiBontjw
uamnniiao?iiviuiEJiSEJOiias<"iuiuviuiEJiSEJO^onamajniiai fioflnflinwmieomiilnnfliiajnuiiBOViuiEJiSEJOBnmD madno itfu T.umtnlYiEJViuiEJiSEJofiiiYiuri'iEJtfianwi vi iJinnfliiajnuviuiEJiSEJofiiiYiumEjmBnwi a Wumuvmoffluvimoflniulum iviao vjSn uwsflviuiEJiSEJofiiiYiumtjmffnwi n ^stajib-infliiajfiuviuiEJiSEJofiuYiumEJ^iBnwi a lumuviuo^onam flouSno^slaiflmm *Yta*io*Vna lumtnUiEJ 1umwn8onq»ifu wiadnoluanwtusifiEJinuflB vmiEJufajofiuYmmEJWianwi f ilinn^iiajnuviuQEJiSEJO^iiYiuri'iEJWiBnwi 1 tflluphuviuomiTNEJiofi drulum flag flee imviuQEJiSEJO^slaJilinnfliiajnuviuiEJiSEJofiiiYiuwiEJfflianwi m Whuviuoftonam mlvftaialfrm *fmat *fmin lumtn
aonqw iiJuriu
9.4 nisa^Su^miminuasfm'Hqfi
idaviEJ'iofinaj^ifi'uiiJunqajyjEnori fiauleoYnoiSEJofin 2 uisi/m fUstfaonamfio Imiri miaoiSEJOvn^niuiuasmivigpi lumiaanJEJonqaj'WEJ'iofi ii-itaAfTaaniSooIfiEjIvTunviununvimowmYjEnommnuuwina1miaoi!lEJOViuniuimajn{)intu«nlum*nu?ias/n*n ffiadnoitfu T.umwnBon^wty'vjfi^saoiSEJOViu'nfiqfi'luvimofiviflowmofllfluaomiaajB Turn paper, ready , important luuriu ?JVj?wsaoiflEJOviuni^v^ns^^Ejnofl^!ifiia^AfTimuu lumivjfi/ntnniumtnaontiwu^ mvnninaeniSEJovjEjqjTfusaisVadnognfflBo iiriaoia*EJOviu'niunfifln{)infu^umwnuu mYjpifiii-ivjflaenaniisiu'umY^fftaJqnflfloiiasm^ fliad-ioitfu mpaper uas emergency lumttneonqtt iilutfu nuaonri^saoiffEJOViu'nflwmoflfi l ueomuin uas fiwEnonfi 2 iiaomviao uwiyVjft^vjfimw'ilYiEjaj'naoiiEJovtunfiwrnona^mEJ^otMiasmHinfitf^
miaoiflo^oofii4Qont|tj frnQoniffowoofmlriu
paper nJiife
emergency aiajanuf
1 Ifl^O^VIUIEJ * \ft!l0Utfl4Vmnfl1Vl3QtfQAQ1W^QUM^
86 Tfiwrnifrm imnffffin
T.umwnl.YiEJu'ualnniaoi^EJOviu'niuni^uifiEJinumwnBU6] itfu mm "ilisin*u" (yv^sBBnJEioTflEjlaJaoia*EJoviu>ifi^^^anaj mm "unffuajsviim" if^sT,ajaoia*Doviunfiwmofffi^fiviEnofifiaaouasa* WiitfifiYjmiianntfYjflBm^saoiSEJOvi^irhuuluminoaaom
uanviniiBOTiflomiaoia*EJOviuniu-iua*i EToalifaoflaonnivigflfofl^fini^floviu'onnivigwalviunfivianflBivlBuilofiinaj wiBd-iowBYliJufi{JuwiBdio1umtn1lYiEJ^iiaflo1vi'ivlum nnivig^mofinumT-vTinwini-iajviaj-iEimonu iiolvtcfoinfimEjmnnivigfi^monuajfnaliiBomiaoJejoviuntuinlufjlilfaej
n. f\u mufioaji (^vj?iilEjn^v1omEjrinm fjtu triadsuenrwufifa muflo an)
fjtum iifioan (^vjPiUBnfjtummnu^fa upio an)
fjiumiifio an (fjwpnuaofmfifem two aji)
u. uiu!lo viajfiuai (uSiiflofuuunflu^viajmiai)
un uloviajmiai (unnanoiiluunuijoviajmiai)
9.5 tiuifNiiftN
lfBOUBOlSEJOU,lSl/lYla;?lmEJ^^sna,mno1u^uwimln, mueoia*EJO muooiStJOiiluiieoiiBOisri'uiffEJoqom^Bomvjfli^uiflEJinuiiiiugn?! uwmueoiiiEiophonuinwgnw msfiiiiwE|nmiluisflui8EJoa;om$oin^muBoiSEJoiuuiswuiSEJogomfftaj^ umfltntfeunumiuaflOBBnYnoBiiajtunmajfHn uasinEJitfDonunnimuunilisiJiYiiJBoaniYnomuaniajtuflmajfaViuu mananinTffmueoiSEJOuaflomnajfluiffu fmajIniB fmajauh fmajlaiauU iiluriu ciiuYnomumi^iuunilisi/niiiBoaniifu rieEjmeiviu)oameloa-iiua^ofmajUBniannlri' mmajnlfl ilgiaBnltf ^uagn\iiiuumosiii8o,muaoiSejo iuuwu wiadno itfu iIisTew It's raining. mYj?iTflEjltfisfluiftoona'ioeiwouwwulila«mT,ufiBumEJ na
rIt's raining.
Tfwffywnrewmn : iifotuftm 87
lJislEJinu^sdoaiimpJumaofin iifflmvjfilpiEjHis^uiSEJonano^T.uwauwuiiaiEjnisri'u-' lEJflB
It's raining.
lJislEin^sdoaiim fJurinaopinUflviaj iiJuwu tfaiiflnmoenuisnniviuoisvmomuBoi^EJonwuiiiWE|nwnnamuaoiSEJoili"ini)'luY|nmtin*luIan upmifugnwilnnflittvnslumwnunomwiimuu
n{)inaiinniHmuBoiSEJo\um«nmoeia1riiunmEJflaonuBgu*io EjnwiBdnoiifu isfTuiSEionaio6] lufiauffluiiaswnaomluwBUiTiEJ aTn^siilumuaoiilEJOiiBOmiuanfmaj diuis^ui^EJonano^ufflauriuiiasEiniiugoluwaumEj aTnusiiluVhueoiftoomimaj luutfu ednoT,ififimwniifflasmwnaTn^sa1n{)inw^i«vj-isiJBom»ni4UBg?Tiej TfimsiYnsBdioSomw'ifianiitutinfl n^inwri^inEJiiTBonumilfis^uiSEJolumtniviaitfaTn^sEioEnnnmmwiau6] iw"isa1n',iicl,!ihspiuJEJOYi'o<luuoiiao'3iifugn?iiiasluiiouaomuBoJEJOiJsilunulu'
9.6 tr^inflHtrfNYmiihN
a^ulmh iSoolumwnrfu^Inioaiioilisnau^ufTiEJViuiEJiSn^^ifEJnmviuiejiSejo viuiDiSEiounoviuiEJiSEJOBminm^EJiV uriniiJurtiuueEJ ebulviqjviuiEJiSoo^stfifiiiajnuiiJuviuiEJ^lvitJJnm iiEjnmviEJiofi nniiiajfliiiaovmitjJ&oiihiiJuvjEnofi^iilulilfldnoalvianintu'ri uwasmwnmonalvianintu'niiwnmonuBBnT.il mviiiimviuiEjJEJOiaouufiiiunu mwnuwasmwnwnona1^uiuviuiEJi^EJO>laJiYi'inu wiviuiej
iSEJOiaoluuwasmwnnan^al^ivialBunuuas'lajiviilBunu itfu mtnT,YiEja1^uiuviuiEJiSejoyiStylus 21 viuiej mtnaonrjtial'WEiqjifus 20 viuid lumwnaonnttflviuiEJiSEJofiunuri'iEJBnwi th, z, g, v nan ^olaJCTlum^ilYiEJ phumwnlYiEjn'alvmiEJifteointugnpi ^omtnaontiWlaJfi nouammttimo^samuiuviu^EJiftEJOuasffivmiEJiSEJOiiflnmonuaenlil imiSEJoT.umwnaju.^du^unalviuiEJiSDO'nivialBunuiilucfaulviiy t^fiflnwnmwnviieunmtinmafli^flmw^aji^fiviuo iiEjnin ftmenwi (phonetic alphabet) a^iBnttiu^offulvTanaj'iinuYiuJEJO^aj^tfluIanul.fvjflYini^Eio pfyianwiilisfi^jijuajnlm'flao^-inmw'iYjnmwnflanawsiiajnuiiluvianuasSfninajfflnoiiJuilandaEJim
uvm 10
inT.pmamfoviuiEJiSEJOuas'WEnofi ^oiiluviuiEJ^lajalfimajviajiEjIumtnajiua*i luuntfuasunfi ll iimsnamnoviuiEjmo^^alfimajviaj'iEi'lumtn TflE^snamfiofHiasviuiEjfiSiiunma'nnmfl^uuYiu' uasna^inoviuiEjfia1iiu'i^1,vit)jnmri"i?o,lmiriiauasilislEJflluunnrflil
10.1 miium (Morpheme)
amnamT,m^TfiEJifoT,ilm^
ilisneufliEjmnm uasdmasT.iuio ^flmwiT,YiEJYmnu^sananiauflnlflm qmtfajin'o iilu l uisTeja uasilisTEifi^SBEJ 3 fa na qm Saj uas in'o pJVjpimwiaontiwanajninuanVm Mary is charming. liUu 1 uisTeja llisnaufliEjm 3 fa na Mary, is uas charming mgivialeu^siiluviuiEJianfifjfi^a1ninajviajnEjT,umwnmajfninajmT,5iiJB0fiuffivliJ adnovlinpivnn'wmipnm^nmoeiedioasiaumswum aoalviuiEjlumwnegenilisi/iYiviu'o iiluviuiEjfififmajviaj'iEJ^oalnuimSnniim Tflmrh^iAMoufi^na'mfiM upivmiEJflonaninalflinajdnfl^ajnnimi^EjajnuviuiEjlumwnilisi/iYiBU6! riauftasalhnEJmviuiejfmtfneesTs ^slvTmT,um«'iBonfi^?ivifioii)u?fiadno fliiaiifuvflinuffliadnouriasmadnoiuumiaijfhiaflomm^tfu ibsnaumEJViuiEJilisi/)Yiu'ihuiunviuiej
farm 1 viuiej
farmer 2 viuiej
farmers 3 viuiej
nniinfimimTjumm farm ^oifiEJunnnVlmhilisnBUffaEJViuiEJ lviuiej nu farmer ^oriinulmnibsnaumEJ 2 viuiej imnNsivluiTSiJfii'wajiiumn farm na -er trufiEJU farm uas farmer monmaJvianEjmviuUrhfarmer alfmajvianEJiilu 2 viuiei na fmajvianEJTiBO farm nunmajvianEJ
ueo -er mm farm irmmunmajvianEjeguai cbu -er numsSnmaj
ImHflfnwumtn : wihofhuasfh 89
viajiEjm "cjm" ivnnsftsuS^oa^iflpim farm uas -er monalYfo^iluasfmajvianEJYfofj vivbEJiioaeou iin^aJanajniniiEJnaoT,iliiJuviuiEjfia1nin3JViajnEjfiianaonmu^T.flfin imiEjnviuiEJi^u^mviuiEjm farm uas -er aljnusiyhifiEjajnu neiiluvmiEjmYfofj mm farm uanmniu'uviuiEjmuai&oiuumBnfliEJ ivnnsaianiflinmfitiiln diu -er iiJuviu^Ejmii^aJT.Timivji-isin^ifiEJilaJlfi' tn farmerilisnaufmEJ 2 mtaum farmers nilisnaunufliEJ 3 viuiEJm na farm,
-er, uas -s nnifiEJUfimajvianEJisvmo farmer nu farmers inn
nnum ^il -s fifmajvi3J"iEjm "annnmvmo"
miinvlmiwnviuiEJnnl.uuo^BO^iliiin^si^umviuiEjnnan^iiJu 1 vjmonIvitynm l viEnon viieiannm l vjEJionnT.^ aBo^madiopialiJu
clean l vjEnon (clean) l VIUIEJ m (clean)
showed l vjEJion (showed) 2 viuiEjm (show-ed)
able 2 WEJIOfl (a-ble) 1 viuiEim (able)
farmers 2 vjEnofi (far-mers) 3 viuiEjm (farm-er-s)
unable 3 vimon (un-a-ble) 2 VIUQEJm (un-able)
nisiih 2 vjEJion (nis-iih) 1 VIUlEJm (nisiih)
uiftni 3 viEnofi (un-fl-m) 1 VIUlEJfh (unftm)
Tffliuiiiin 3 WEnOfl (^-•fu-uiin) 3 viuiEim (^fi-iu-uun)
mn?fiBd"io^:sivmUmn l vmiEimemffau-mflouri 1 vjEJioriiiuliI uan
mntfunovmiEjmiToamiannmwmomSEjen lumadio farmers al 3 viuiEimna farm-er-s viuiEJEjfnriEJnB -s laJT,^ 1 WEnon uahsiilu 1 viuiEjm ivms<asuu iimoamaiiMm
viuiEjfi-iiiluviuiEJian^a^^fjni-iajviaj-iEj ^oamfjuuiflfloupi l vmiEJiffao T,il
^ufkmanEJWEnofi
Vna^iajnunoua^m'iviu^EjmunoviuiEJiilumV^EJ itfu farm upiunoviuiEjmnlaJl'jIm luuitfitioetauiiBom itfu -er viib -s trui-ivhni&ri v^ionviuiEJm uas fin vnaajnu iiniisuaivium^BninajviiiofBninajlaj^niClu^eoalmuiuviuiEJirio 3 viuioimnu FJomednopialilu'
90 tfflttfmffmn mwwnn
"Honn mhutiie
fll
cat l 1 1
played l 2 1
writers 2 3 1
lbsq 2 1 1
IlOllEJU 2 2 1
munismw 3 2 2
em
uanmnvtu'iEjm^sal5u^moBinuffoVnaniaj'iiia*''3 vmiEimviu^EJOanmEJ UBEinfiiadnomtinaonqtianmoviflo
wmm WjVKW
1. hat hats
book books
2. dog dogs
table tables
3. horse horses
church churches
4. man men
5. goose geese
6. child children
7. sheep sheep
innphad'ioThouuu viuQEjmfiuflnmnajvianEJWvjYwu viiaannnmviu'ouufiviaiEJ^il no -s lum^pifi l -z lurimflfi 21 -iz lum^fifi 3 riiulum
1 Iil,5fl^infl'3ifi'3u^^?r*3^nfl -s ivijjeuTfwi l u?ftuniT5sij3iJiJQOvivtoEifh iiiflfimioonicto^ljjUfocisnA to s vnofliUiifflYi 2 oonicto-Jitlu -z
frmflfmifumtn : wbufhuasfh 91
%?\$ 4-6 ninajviajnEj^uanvivjvj^umona1*ju'ii?inmoBBnvlil!in Tum^flfi 7 nmajviajnEJuan^vj^^unajaolajiviu^ilifiEjmEJ'in ivnnsfcsu\«oflma^iilftmviuiEJfHfiEJiflm
uanmnviuiEjmBm^sal^iluwimomiuai viuiEjmlumtnmo^EToCifmaju?inmonuluifBomiilnn{) ananimiiioViilu 2 ilisi/inlviaj^o
ilisi/iymviuoimiri vmiEJfh
aais" viu'iEjmT,u/inwnT,YiEjdiulvi^iiluviuiEJmilisi/iYiur tfiBdnoueovmiEifhilisi/iYiu'liU/nwiT.YiEJiias/ntnBontiti Ifliiri iJai iia ilisej tree,mountain, vegetable iiJueTu ^siviuVmviuiEjmilisi/iYi^silisnBumEJ l*WEjnonvifevia"iEJViEJ"ionnl^ uri^sifiEJUiYhnum l fin
ilisi/infiaBolmiri vmomfftaiananiniJinnfllfl^lfl vtiaemiiEJnm"vmiEjrnlaJaais" viuiEJmilisi/iYi^aoinnsnuviuiEjmau viiBUYiinagluviuiEJmBUmadnoviuiEjmilisi/i'nulumwTlYiEJuas'lumw'iaontitJ Vuri
viia emiiEjnm "viuiEjm
tfruiaao uniiEJU unilisvniB
m* pjilismfi l]iuw?nfBU
uncertain unfair unpleasant
rewrite rethink recycle
mislead misunderstand miscalculate
kindness happiness sadness
writer driver player
ended shouted planted
uanmntfviuiEjmlaJBais aoiiuoiuuilisi/iYidflEjlflen navtuiEjmT.ajaaisllisi/iYifiinnsag^oviuniJBoviuiEjn'iBnviuTEjflnviuo vtiaiianm viuiEJfinifiajviih \f\un un- tf- un- re- mis- Iwhediotfiouu aniJisi/nnvi^onaviuiEJmlaJaaisilisi/iYi^imsBg^noviaoiJBOviuiEjmanviuiEjmviflo viiaiiEjnm vmiEjmifiajviao Imiri viuiEjm -ness -er uas -ed fioilimsluwiadnoihouu uan^mfeoalviuiEjmT.aJaaisBnilisi/iYivifioiiEJnm viuiEjnnipiajnaio vmiEjmilisi/iYiuiJmnaii'ninBgmEjluviuiEjmBnviuiEJVi^o viuQEjmilisi/iYi^fSlaJajnnunT.umw'imo6!
92 InroniffTn fnmtfmn
wiadno itfu lu/ntnglin foiilumtnBUiflEJUii^oluYiiilBiajfmiviuB aimsepolah vimtifto "yjo danvnu)" num segepolah vianEjfio "yjo (vjvjvnu)"viuiEjm ge na vmEjmmajnanouanmnajvianEJNvjYwu rinviiumw'ilYiEiu'uriiifln luumfJuisnaumEJ 2 viuiEjm fie iffa nu -*iu viuiEimfiaeoalfmajviajiEjm "mlvT ftouu fa rimflfi ^oalfmajvianEjm "mTvunV viuiom -~iu
iuuviuiEJfhmajna-10 nai?iajmT,iflumm "inV
10.2 fh(Word)
i^Biinvjm'nmanilisnBU^umEJiSEJOuasfimajviajnEJUU vmiEjfifjVjfl/ntnTflEjffilu'fiBmiu'uviuiEJianYiqmnd^^ m uaJmcJflnanmwn^s^vTiinivlumviUQEJian^EjPi^alninajviaj'iEj'lu/inw'ina viuiEjm (^ 10. l)afliiimfipnaj ninaj^io^au^si^utomnni^ilinii3JiiEium«nfiii£Jui!!Jufi-i atWvmiEJi^EJOViiBviuiEJm v^^unu.niajiJBomw^nmajnuii^ml.umwnal'liviuiEjm vifaiuiianfialmiDajisvimo/ntn nniSajnSsiu'uniiEJajmiu'ua'iuT/wty (guYifi 7) ivn~isrcu\noemnamVmfHu'uviuiEjfia1m™^
lalBinvHnimnTflioanoijaomirifuvitynmm itfu laviiailistEjn mniviumnmsiiJuviuiEJ^fi'iyl.uIfiioarioivia'iu^u ^ouunn^oalT.^iiJuivlEJOviuiEjdnff '̂lufii'iajnfiiiBo^vjfimti'ifl'al'liiunflntinmti'i viia unmmmapii upiiiluviuiEJdnfi'tyT.uInioarioilisTEJfiviiBiamEJ
10.3 IflHtrruAl
uaTmiinaniivl '̂iitunfi'ilrfluvianEJUoa^aj uriema^uViiJu 3 llisiHulvitynanni^mifunmufflasmI?iEJ?iio'3na1antJtusBoniJisnBUBd"iovii mivlmifuimiaino
muasnniv1miwm,"imin?ii'3ajnumBU8iad"iovli *lu?iBUiiinuriims'Rmitu'ianwiuseorfilisneuviiBTflioanomilteriBU
miniiliEJUifiEJumlumtnpho8! luiiaolmoai-io inmsivmm mlumtnmo^ SanwfusInioamouwnw-ionuiiJuvianEJiiuu aaogphadnopiBT.u'tf
flivYlvicj vian uaji ivIbu
pianiuEJ Iiolvlvliviaoui
fntnaonqu
fmniflfiifiv
friend
unfriendly
unite
fawtfwwwnw : nihafrmnsfri 93
friendly
unfriendliness
united disunited
lokanta
oda
"/fammi" lokantada
odada
"fl/frimmi'
VIBO IuvTbo"
ffliadnomlum^YiEJ^ilum^aliNEi-iofliPiEJi ntu viun uaji ivlau mivia'ntfuondDtJiflludiuflflfiinajviajntjaoliJSnlajln namnemivia^u'iuurtiufifim-iajviajiEjfiianfi^?) viieiiluviuiEjmTJfifi^iiniiEjnmviUiEifi'iBais chu IioYLvJvl"iviaou-iuansiiEinaeniilu Iio-lvl-vli-viao-ui V uririiufHiEineBnanYfoviajfltfphofiiiJuviuiEjnnaais viiaiiJumfiu'mnfllft?)^^^ TioMvnwaouS ustfeoiiajmi?o 5 Imousinwfmajviaj-iEjV ivnnsftsuufomna'mVm m TioMYnwaoun iiJufa 1 mfunm-inmiiiajfh 5 mi^VfmEjnu laJamiiEineenmnnulfl ivmstniiEjnmT.^BBnT.u'n^slaJalnmajviajiEJiYini^aj tTnmEJunuwiBd-ioml.um'bnBontitifriend nu unite Bmi^EJuT,fTnumadnomlum»nlYioT.uanwws^iiEjn^ilBBnMfturim united (unite-ed) disunited (dis-unite-ed) friendly(friend-ly) unfriendly (un-friend-ly) unfriendliness (un-friend-ly-ness) mofananimiEjndaEjaoiuua^ufialmnajvianEj vnBvmiEjmVmifiEJum1.umttnaonqttnumtinl™^ mid^m3ajmnmtinunaayuaniiwua"in^s^ajSnniu,isnau^umnviuiEim upiamuisneufluvinmiianmaniiajnu nni^m^YiEjflantJtusInioamomT.uanwtusiiJufl'iifiEJi6!itfuu ^oil^MvTag'lumw-iu'isi/iYimti'in'iIfifi mwieu^fSfinBgluan^tusiJisi/iYiifiEJinuun^mwmu dnviiumtinaonfiwnnBn^allnioainouuui^EJinum'lumw-iTnEjnW itfu dog window viiainfimnmiiiajmiiuu TiolvMivjaouS nWitfu light-house slide-rule iifflmmuiu^aJuBEjT.umw"iBonfiwfia1viuiEJmlaJaaisilisnauag'̂ iEJ itfu friendly uisneufliEJvmEifhaais frienduasviuiDmlaJaais -ly vtiauioflnu'isnBU^iEJViuiDmT.aJaaisTT'oviaj?! niude- uas -ceive 1u deceive an^tusTnioainonni^uulaJu'inngT.un-imwn"lyiEJuan^nnlumEiaj uasmT.YiEJ^inmnnnniiaEJUuuunnSaAajnm^ona'mua'i
mvlmifuimm^niwBinTf nSsivluarntttusmiu'anflenlu'Bn fa odadailisnau^umn oda "vTeo" uas da "lu" odada uufieiilu l fa nmsv^fiadnoifiEJinuulumwmonf]aviiBlumwnlYiEjniis^aoiiJuia ab in the roomviia IuvTbo
94 Tfl?jfmai?i imntfffln
fliednommn/n*nhiEJ ffamja uasinoirta mT,vTivluVmmT.umti-imosiemalTflioanouwnmomiMfl lumsfimw^^mlviaj anmwnviuoan^amonn'lviajmEJiBniiiiajviuiEjm uas enmtnvitfoBmT.tfmiiiajviuiEjmitfnmEjn^ifiifiEJUim^
10.4 fmtrfNfh
miini^EJumuiuviuiDiSEJolumwnvifBmuiuviuiEjmlajBaisT.umwn viibmuiuuuu^u'u'islEJnviiBialumwnnumuiun'i'lumtinua'i mfogluibsi/iYifflaJfiSfi^nflffi naanajninifi^mT.viaJ^ulmiaD6! TuucusfiriuiuiftEJonfi ^nuiuvtuiEinnlaJaais muiuuuu'jiliJislEJfinfi tfnalmuiuflofftuihoiianviu'o iifu muiuvmiEJia*EJ0VJMyimslumtt^YiEjfi£ieg 21 vtum^EJoluito^uu1 urimlumttnuWlaJnofifiminmiulviajagiaaje ifou'iwnsT.ufiwu'is^iufl^oinfl^ul.viaJ^fTBonnin-iiiiDnfBnniamomT,vi3jful,flumti-i^oiiluSomi!lu ^mivian ^ fJMunniainomVuri
n. miilisaajm (word compounding) ilmiuT.minmiuiiBimfiflBEJuaiannajnu m^vTm^n^viajfialnmajviajnoiifflnmoBBnT.il^nnm'naj'i najnuuu itfuuniiflo mmn giSu vmoEfovtam eye-glasses standpoint housewifelight-house iBnniilisaajmiSuiBnniainomlviajffl^nuajnnT.um^nmo'q
u. nniuisaajvmiEjm (derivation) ImirimiamomlfiEJBiffEjmiifiaj
vmiEimiwajviun viuiEimifiajviao vtiaviuiEimmajnaio vtieiiajvmiEJmlaJaaisitf-imtjnu nhi
re- + write > rewrite
beauty + -ful > beautiful + -ly > beautifully
dream + -er > dreamer
count + -able > countable
de + ceive > deceive
re + volve > revolve
1 uritnfl'nttiluihonRnph'anu ^-)\n\wvn£Jicto<afifl ^ninuviintjfhofl-ssfifl vivnu-jiJiiuuitosTuflvifcnRfifl onsSnTsiijRomiiJcwlfl
Ifl^flfmwmtn : whufritiagfr) 95
f\. fm'fofh (reduplication) Mtrinni^nnvifQ^tjn^fliiQ^fi'i'nnMnwfln1vi3J^CIf)Qn3JVi3J"i!JUfin?in<jQQnliJinnifi3J i4*u
fiddle-faddle mish-mash
lijotiio L#TnL#in
^. nTnilatmvtanflfh (conversion) Imiri nn?fiflnT»uvijnflfhYm-3Lil§EJuli)i{JwnnT,\ivi3Ji«flnQwIfiDT,wflnn?iiJstimiiJfiqiJfln l^w
lbssrm(fnm) i*w iinibserm
fun (fhuiN) viu It is a great fun.
fun (fjtuffvnn) itfu a fun game
10.5 tuntrfh
flnYinnn^/inan^^m)<iQg1.nviWQf)fl^vi3J'3?)fl'iviw<) nnifmnoqlwiNQflfh'lflfitooLiJ'Wfjtufiuij'wYnoT.QEnn'swTJQOfi'i f)tu^iJWYin^iEjnn?tuiiQ<}fi"ii,ilmfi'5Q^fiiQn'3'inn^^viilil'5'iri{)'l,uIfi?^effno1^ViI"i<i UR^nn?iJ?nnsiiQ^nnifT4^^QyT.,wpinuviu<i1,Pi"l\iTfi^arutfu ufoi white oql/uvmiflflifituffym vjfoani.fEinini.iJ'WFlnfjtupfvnn rmfi
win vile inpivisonfon be li4nn^^^ru^Yi^iJisnQiJ(nnwn3JifM^u^s«o<iin?iT,,wwnuwlaviihfl"!*™ 1u/n*noonqtt cat iiJ,ufn'i1,wviJj'3fifni,wn3J^^«m]<JiJ'5inflVis^flnfjtuffwranfifln^tuffwtf riw a white cat vife on^nmfitJinlmnT,iJ£ifl"iqwffyjmnlbsnoij
fhnftn viu'3P)fin?,iQvlil '̂ij'nCn,u/iitn?in<isi no fiiiiwAvhnltii fhqtuflvitf nftnlifratu fhnvum fhtfumu uwsviiiQ«^nno\iJtf^nTNiAuijn^/inwnu?ftijriijTu/i'iis"ifiw] liu fnffnwnmiu (classifier) fhuonrinfmiN (article) ffajwtfifl(final particles) TuiJitpnvwQPifi'uviehfi wnwrnna nnnftn flnfjniffym
96 fawnnfrm imnffmn
tufa Yiinnfhwhi fhefatrm fhijviim fhuorriififmiu ^siiluviij'jflfhClfl fieflrm::T.ajSSfhmfrfuLvijfluyiai fifh$u
'jiJi^!)iJ^nf)iinufl'i,wnjj^Ciivif(?inon,u iiu tnfhu-imilmyifHnEj le gargon"iftmnti" flifjwffvni petit "tan" ffljjuJatm^iJ no le petit gargon thfl-ru-ujiilmvifivif^ la fille "i?lnvi$o" fhfjMvm petit ^snJSejmflupetite no la petite fille ^if'utf'imi^Mn-i^Clm'siilRti^iiiJRqiAu^naaistf i7*inom^fimfn6iiiJ,wfl*if)Wfrvi,ri 1,u/ntnQ^nfitnn-ifitiJREJ,u-2iJTwt)m7t?i3J-s wo es i^QiionnQn«vi3jn^\3^^iint)n^^V'i-ii{Jwfi'i,un3j
uas fin idaiillEJii^EJinfo 2 itoti/mtf iHfluviThufififtQniiYiJndlwntn 4w%y$?\
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