factors affecting development:physical and sensory disabilities;attention deficit hyperactivity...

FACTORS AFFECTING DEVELOPMENT:PHYSICAL AND SENSORY DISABILITIES;ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER

FACTORS AFFECTING DEVELOPMENT

Maternal nutrition

mother supplies all the nutrients to the inborn fetus through the food intake so that she should take care of her diet for her sake and that of the fetus.

Child nutrition

adequate nutrition contributes to a continuous brain growth, rapid skeletal and muscular development.

Early sensory stimulation

children are starting to learn on the things around them.

FACTORS THAT AFFECT GROWTH

Genetic history

Nutrition

Medical condition

Exercise

Emotional well-being

Sleep

PHYSICAL DISABILITIES

Pertains to total or partial loss of a person's bodily functions examples is handicap.

What are the factors causes handicaps?

1) Prenatal factors-factors that affect normal development before and after conception virtually lasting up to the first trimester or the third trimester of life especially genetic, prematurity, infections, malnutrition, irradiation, metabolic disturbances and drug abuse.

2) Perinatal factors- relating to or being the period around childbirth, that cause crippling includes birth injuries, difficult labor, and hemorrhage.

3)Postnatal factors- the factors causing crippling conditions after birth such as infections, tumor, fractures, tuberculosis of the bones, cerebrovascular injuries, post seizure and arthritis

SENSORY DISABILITIES

The most common disabilities fitting into the sensory disability category are visual and hearing impairments. Some people are born either with no or significantly reduced vision or hearing. Others may lose these senses due to an accident or the natural aging process

SOME CAUSES OF

VISUAL

IMPAIRMENT

Cataracts Cortical Visual Impairment Glaucoma Malformations Ocular-muscle problems Ocular trauma Optic nerve defects Refractive errors Retinoblastoma Retinopathy of Prematurity

What are the factors causes deafness?

1) Prenatal causes-includes toxic conditions, viral disease and congenital defects.

2) Perinatal causes- include injury sustained during delivery, anoxia, and heavy sedation due to overdose of anesthesia and blockage of the infant’s respiratory passage.

3) Postnatal causes- include diseases, ailments, conditions and accidents.

LEARNING DISABILITIES

A condition giving rise to difficulties is acquiring knowledge and skills to the level expected of those the same age.

DIFFERENT TYPES OF LEARNING DISABILITIES

Dyslexia- readingDyslexia As with other learning disabilities, dyslexia is a lifelong challenge.

Dysgraphia- writingis a learning disability that affects writing, which requires a complex set of motor and information processing skills.

Visual agnosia- sightoccurs when a child cannot receive, process, sequence, recall or express information in an accurate and timely way.

Motor aphasia- speakingChildren who suffer from language-based disorders such as aphasia, dysphasia or global aphasia have a hard time expressing themselves using words as well as understanding spoken or written language.

Auditory agnosia- hearingis an auditory disability, which means a child has difficulty processing information he or she hears and interpreting speech.

Olfactory agnosia-smellingInability to classify or identify an odorant, although the ability to distinguish between or recognize odorants may be normal; may be general, partial, or specific.

Dyscalculia- mathDyscalculia refers to a wide range of lifelong learning disabilities involving math.

General causes of learning disabilities

Problematic pregnancies, occurring before, during and after delivery.

Biochemical imbalance caused by intake of food with artificial food coloring.

Environmental factors caused by emotional disturbance, poor quality of instruction and lack of motivation.

ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER (ADHD)

Most common behavioral disorder that starts during childhood. These symptoms must begin by age of six to twelve and persist for more than six months for a diagnose to be made. Boys are much more affected than girls.

3 Types of ADHD

Predominantly inattentive- it is difficult for a person to organize or finish tasks.

Predominantly hyperactive impulsive- children finds it hard to keep still, they fidget and talk a lot.

Combined type- a person whose symptoms include all those in 1 and 2 and whose symptoms are equally

predominantly.

TREATMENT FOR ADHD

• Education • Medication• Behavior modification• Classroom/ workplace accommodations

SIGNS OF ADHD

• Restless• Inattentive• Cannot concentrate• Keep on interrupting people

Nicotine

Heavy Metals

Alcohol

Food

Factors that can affect adhd