factors affecting development

Factors

Affecting

Development

Delivered by:

Gutierrez, Art Robert D.

Parenting Media Influences

Media and Violence

A 2003 study completed by

Missouri Western State

University showed that

children do become more

violent after watching a

violent program.

. The study followed children between the ages of 5 and 12. Their initial behavior was recorded.

The children were then shown a "Tom and Jerry" cartoon clip. The behavior after the cartoon was also recorded

parent is demanding and responsive.

encourage children to be

independent but still place controls

and limits on their actions.

parents will set clear standards for their

children, monitor the limits that they

set, and also allow children to develop

autonomy.

Authoritative Parenting

Punishments for misbehavior

are measured and consistent,

not arbitrary or violent.

when punishing a child, the

parent will explain his or her

motive for their punishment.

parent is demanding but not

responsive

high expectations of conformity

and compliance to parental rules

and directions

expect much of their child, but

generally do not explain the

reasoning for the rules or

boundaries

Authoritarian Parenting

less responsive to their

child’s needs, and are more

likely to ground their child

rather than discuss the

problem

obedience without

explanation

parent is responsive but not

demanding.

parents are very involved

with their children but place

few demands or controls on

them.

Indulgent Parenting

In a study completed by

Princeton University,

researchers found that

children aged 2 and older

learned from a wide range

of media, including

television, computer and

Internet

Parents are nurturing and accepting, and are very responsive to the child's needs and wishes

do not require children to regulate themselves or behave appropriately.

Neglectful Parenting

parent is neither demanding nor

responsive.

low in warmth and control, are generally

not involved in their child's life, are

disengaged, undemanding, low in

responsiveness, and do not set limits.

unsupportive of their children, but will still

provide their basic needs

Media and Education

Parents can take comfort in

knowing that just as

children can learn negative

behavior from television,

they can also learn positive

skills

For example, a group of

preschoolers was shown episodes of

“Sesame Street.” Their behavior was

tracked both before and after

watching the program. The children

showed greater persistence in

working on tasks, were more apt to

follow rules and had greater

patience for waiting than they did

before watching the program. This

change continued for two weeks

Media and Healthy Behavior

The time spent watching

television or playing video

games is time away from

active play.

The Harvard study found that

high use of media in children

leads to obesity. In addition,

watching programs and

movies can lead many young

people to have a distorted

view of beauty and health

Parent’s Roles in Media

The Children’s Hospital of

Boston suggests that

parents remember the five

Cs of media

First, parents must control

the amount of time children

spend on media. Children

should be limited to one to

two hours a day total

Second, parents must

understand that content

matters. What children watch is

as important as how much

children watch. Choose

programs that model behavior

you value in your community

Third, parents must understand

the context in which children use

media. Sitting down and

watching a show passively with

friends has a very different

impact than playing a first-

person shooter video game

alone.

Fourth, parents must teach the

children to think critically about

what they watch. This means

that parents must watch with

the children. Ask question such

as “How do you think that

character feels?” or “What

would you do in this situation?”

Finally, parents must teach

children to create a sense of

media mastery. This means that

children and their parents must

feel that they are in charge of

the media in their lives. Media is

not in control of the family

Peer influence on development in

early childhood

Positive peer influence

Children feel a need to be

accepted and recognized by peers

discovering peer acceptance

influences feelings of security,

perception of importance and

independent decision-making

Negative peer influence A negative peer group can lead to poor

behavior being perceived as acceptable

a significant effect of negative peer

orientation on the relationship between

peers' positive academic influence and the

value of school. Negative peer orientation

was also a significant moderator of the

relationship between peers' delinquent

influence and the value of school.

Physical Activity

Peer influence contains a large

element of mimicking and

performing similar behavior. For

this reason, peer influence can

cause a change in specific

lifestyle factors such as physical

activity

Benefits

Peer groups play an important role in

child development and should not be

avoided for fear of negative influence.

Socializing with a range of friends is

important for the development and

independence of a child. Peer

acceptance plays an important role in

the growing process.