facades: chi 2013 - stefan behnisch

FACADES+ PERFORMANCE CHICAGO 10/2013

Stefan Behnisch

Behnisch Architekten Stuttgart München Boston

Our Built Environment

Urban Public Realm Witnesses of Our Cultural Abilities

Material Responsibility Reuse of Valuable Resources

Nature Air / Climate Daylight Artificial Light

Cultural Context

Energy

Focus on Facades

Urban Public Realm Witnesses of Our Cultural Abilities

Material Responsibility Reuse of Valuable Resources

Nature Air / Climate Daylight Artificial Light

Cultural Context

Energy

Urban? Why?

More efficient infrastructure

No sprawl

Stabilize the economy

Not just cities, dense cities

What determines density?

Quality of living

The public realm is more than infrastructure, it is our cultural stage

Infrastructure is defined per person, not by area

What is the appropriate density?

Dubai 1990 Sheik Zayed Road

Dubai 2007 Sheik Zayed Road

A competition for the tallest building in the world can be observed before the onset of each economic crisis, according to the Washington Post – January 2012 Context? What context forms the basis of cultural stability?

Behnisch, Behnisch & Partner

Behnisch, Behnisch & Partner

Behnisch, Behnisch & Partner

Behnisch, Behnisch & Partner

Behnisch, Behnisch & Partner

Behnisch, Behnisch & Partner

Behnisch, Behnisch & Partner

Ground Level

BEHNISCH ARCHITEKTEN

3rd Floor

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UnileverHaus HafenCity, Hamburg

+  Insulating Low-E Coated Low-Iron Glazing +  ETFE (Ethylene Tetrafluorethylene) +  Membrane is lighter than utilizing glazing +  Network of cable frames create saddle construction for membrane

façade +  Pressure Rods and Tension Cables hung from slab edges with

outriggers +  Wind Suction cables take pressure off membrane

ASSEMBLY Double Skin Facade

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Energy Concept

outgoing air

natural ventilation

airconditioning heat exchanger

thermo active building systems

green roofs sun protection

LED lighting

foil fassad

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Sustainability

Grey energy depending on the construction method and gross floor surface

Mass construction with glass

Mass construction

Mixed construction

Light wood construction

Location Conference Hall

Roberto Burle Marx Garden

GBI (4)

GBII (5)

PCT (6)

New Conference Hall (2)

Presentation model Conference hall

Visualization of the inside of the Conference Hall

Energy Concept

Lounge

Perspective from Place des Nations

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BEHNISCH ARCHITEKTEN

+ Ramps, walkways, and stairs connect work areas + Meeting points along these routes for staff encourage exchanges between colleagues + Varied sequences of spaces enrich the working environment + Communication + Informal Spaces

DESIGN CONCEPT Atrium Neighborhoods

Option 1

Street Level

Mt. Royal Avenue

Level 7

Level 12

OFFICE/CLASSROOM FAÇADE ALL WORKSPACES HAVE OPERABLE WINDOWS AND INDIVIDUALLY CONTROLLABLE, EXTERNALLY MOUNTED, SUN PROTECTION A GLASS RAINSCREEN PROTECTS BOTH THE PROGRAMMATIC INTERIOR WORKSPACES AND THE SUN SHADING DEVICES FROM STRONG WINDS

+ Insulating Low-E Coated Low-Iron Glazing + ½” Tempered Laminated Low-Iron Glazing + Opaque Metal Composite Panels + Operable Windows + External Shading

ASSEMBLY Double Skin Facade

University of Baltimore Law School Baltimore, Maryland

Landesgirokasse Stuttgart, Germany

+ Distribution of daylight + Solar Radiation: Allow daylight & block short and long-wave spectrum + Retract @ 23 MPH + Controlled by BMS + Provide User Comfort – Air Temperature & Humidity + Reduce use of artificial light

SOLAR CONTROL External Venetian Blinds

+ Natural Ventilation – Fresh Air Supply + Sun & Wind Protection + Comfort Factors as Parameters of Building Skin Design + Module Sizes: Based on typical programmatic unit (the office)

Construction Drawings

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DAYLIGHTING Spatial Organization & Local Control +  Daylight Factor Level +3% +  Exterior retractable louvers

reduce glare +  Exterior blind tilt angles vary to

allow daylight to be redirected in the upper 1/3rd of interior

+  Descend or retract when façade radiation passes certain limits

+  Local override for daylight

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Corridor Office

Enlarged Plan at Vertical Passive Transfer Air Slot

+ Manual Operation of Vents – User notified by indicator light

THERMAL COMFORT Window Automation

+ Heat Transfer by building occupancy + Use of thermal mass + Active Slab Operation allowed during natural ventilation + Windows automatically close when conditions surpass the acceptable range

THERMAL COMFORT Active Slabs

Vertical Passive Air Transfer Slot Locations – Level 5

9’ or 10’ Length Passive Transfer Air Slot

Passive Transfer Air Duct with Sound Attenuator 7 sq.ft. Free Area

+ Mechanical Ventilation disabled upon window opening for perimeter zones + Mechanical Ventilation always active for interior zones + Transfer Air Slots used for both mechanical and natural ventilation modes + “Used” air is recycled in the Atrium, which can accommodate fluctuations in temperature better than offices

THERMAL COMFORT Transfer Air

+  Operable windows can be used for ~4 months a year

+  Smoke exhaust fans at skylight maintain negative pressure in atrium

+  Occupants choose between mechanical and natural modes

+  Natural mode deactivates when windows are opened

INDOOR CLIMATE CONCEPT Natural Ventilation Mode

+ Provided by active slabs in occupied spaces + AHU delivers minimum outside air – Air Quality & Dehumidification + Classrooms are delivered air via displacement air + Offices are fed air via windows or overhead systems monitored by VAV + Transfer air sent to atrium

INDOOR CLIMATE CONCEPT Cooling Mode

LIBRARY FAÇADE

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+ Insulating Low-E Coated Low-Iron Glazing w/ Gradient Frit Pattern + Insulating Low-Iron Full Ceramic Frit Spandrel Glazing + Insulated Operable Awning Vent

ASSEMBLY Checkerboard Unitized System

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+ No external shading + Pattern minimizes coverage near ceiling + Deep spaces force strategic programmatic layouts – Stacks & circulation located in interior while reading rooms & group study rooms located near façade + Interior programs benefit from daylight from atrium + Glare protection achieved with interior screens

DAYLIGHT AND THERMAL CONTROL Silkscreen Pattern

ATRIUM FAÇADE

BEHNISCH ARCHITEKTEN

+ Automatic Vent Operation – Opens when conditions permit, not by push button operation Radiant Fin Tubes + Downdraft of cold air at atrium facades create cold spots which would cause local discomfort

THERMAL COMFORT Window Automation

+ Spacing to block intense solar rays but still allow plenty of views outward + Minimal reliance on artificial light in atrium allows for more creative design

DAYLIGHTING Fixed Blade Louvers

Thema der Folie

Ergonomic Improvements

Reduced Emissions Optimization of Interior Space

Functional Diagram

Integration of PV Elements in Facade

Zumtobel Intelligent Facade Exhibit, 2010 Light + Building Conference, Frankfurt

Zumtobel Intelligent Facade Exhibit, 2010 Light + Building Conference, Frankfurt

Interior View

Siteplan IIT Campus

Interior Organisation and Outer Envelope

Thema der Folie

BEHNISCH ARCHITEKTEN

Thema der Folie

Section

Thema der Folie

Facade Pattern

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Smart Envelope

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Climate Concept

Thema der Folie