exam 2 study guide

The hedonic scale values actions on how much they create of these two states.

The hedonic scale values actions on how much they create of these two states.

Pleasure & Pain

Act Consequentialism

This philosopher who gives us a purely quantitative hedonic utilitarianism.

This philosopher who gives us a purely quantitative hedonic utilitarianism.

Bentham

Act Consequentialism

This philosopher said that it is better to be Socrates dissatisfied than a fool satisfied; better to be a man unhappy than a pig happy in his slop.

This philosopher said that it is better to be Socrates dissatisfied than a fool satisfied; better to be a man unhappy than a pig happy in his slop.

John Stuart Mill

Act Consequentialism

This is the word meaning a duty above and beyond the normal call of duty in utilitarianism.

This is the word meaning a duty above and beyond the normal call of duty in utilitarianism.

Supererogation

Act Consequentialism

These are the criterion in which something is measured in its propensity to beget like outcomes and dissimilar ones.

These are the criterion in which something is measured in its propensity to beget like outcomes and dissimilar ones.

Fecundity & Purity

Act Consequentialism

In rule consequentialism, the rightness or wrongness of an action depends on whether it is prohibited or required by this.

In rule consequentialism, the rightness or wrongness of an action depends on whether it is prohibited or required by this.

An Ideal Code of Rules

Rule Consequentialism

This is an example of a “prevent disaster” rule.

This is an example of a “prevent disaster” rule.

Ex.: Always keep your promise;unless keeping your promise results in

disaster.

Rule Consequentialism

The issue that enough people in a society would obey a particular rule in rule consequentialism is called this “problem.”

The issue that enough people in a society would obey a particular rule in rule consequentialism is called this “problem.”

The Problem of Partial Compliance

Rule Consequentialism

This is an example of a rule that collapses rule consequentialism into act consequentialism(Not really about rule consequentialism)

This is an example of a rule that collapses rule consequentialism into act consequentialism(Not really about rule consequentialism)

Ex.: You should always keep your promises; unless another choice would provide a better outcome ( higher utility ) like lying to save a life - pg 157

Rule Consequentialism

This kind of consequentialism sets a minimum acceptable value for actions, as a defense against excessive obligation.

This kind of consequentialism sets a minimum acceptable value for actions, as a defense against excessive obligation.

Satisficing ConsequentialismGood Enough

Rule Consequentialism

Rather than a normative theory about what is right and wrong, psychological egoism is this kind of theory.

Rather than a normative theory about what is right and wrong, psychological egoism is this kind of theory.

Descriptive

Psychological Egoism

This is the opposite of psychological egoism.

This is the opposite of psychological egoism.

Psychological Altruism

Psychological Egoism

The theory that people are sometimes driven by charitable motives but are most of the time driven by self-interest the kind of account.

The theory that people are sometimes driven by charitable motives but are most of the time driven by self-interest the kind of account.

Motivational Pluralism

Psychological Egoism

As with the principle of doctrine of double effect, psychological egoism places high importance on the difference between ultimate or final ends and these.

As with the principle of doctrine of double effect, psychological egoism places high importance on the difference between ultimate or final ends and these.

Intermediate Ends

Psychological Egoism

That obligation implies capability is often called this shorthand argument.

That obligation implies capability is often called this shorthand argument.

Ought implies Can

Psychological Egoism

Ethical egoism places this person as the agent of primary importance in deciding the permissibility of an action.

Ethical egoism places this person as the agent of primary importance in deciding the permissibility of an action.

The individual self

Ethical Egoism

Unlike traditional ethical egoism, this is the form of the moral theory that focuses on the agent’s beliefs regarding outcomes rather than the actual outcomes of action.

Unlike traditional ethical egoism, this is the form of the moral theory that focuses on the agent’s beliefs regarding outcomes rather than the actual outcomes of action.

Subjective Ethical Egoism

Ethical Egoism

This is the name for the intuitively plausible principle that seems to contradict consistency for ethical egoism.

This is the name for the intuitively plausible principle that seems to contradict consistency for ethical egoism.

Principle of Non-Interference (195)

Ethical Egoism

Ethical egoism, according to Timmons fails this standard of evaluation, introduced in chapter seven.

Ethical egoism, according to Timmons fails this standard of evaluation, introduced in chapter seven.

Publicity

Ethical Egoism

The non-moral theory with ties to ethical egoism that seeks to provide logical permissibility for certain actions is called this.

The non-moral theory with ties to ethical egoism that seeks to provide logical permissibility for certain actions is called this.

Rational Egoism or Rational Ethical Egoism

Ethical Egoism

Between Rawls and Rand, this philosopher wrote our supplementary text first.

Between Rawls and Rand, this philosopher wrote our supplementary text first.

Rand

Rawls & Rand

In Rawls, the pre-society state in his thought experiment is called this.

In Rawls, the pre-society state in his thought experiment is called this.

The Original Position

Rawls & Rand

This brand of ethics says that the facts of our being determines how we ought to be morally.

This brand of ethics says that the facts of our being determines how we ought to be morally.

Objectivism aka Objectivist Ethics

Rawls & Rand

For Rawls, these are the two rules that are agreed upon in the pre-societal condition.

For Rawls, these are the two rules that are agreed upon in the pre-societal condition.

Difference Principle&The Equal Access to Institutions ( Equal Rights )

Rawls & Rand

According to Ayn Rand, these are two of the three true virtues.

According to Ayn Rand, these are two of the three true virtues.

Reason - RationalityPurpose - ProductivenessSelf Esteem - Pride

Rawls & Rand

Robert Nozick’s experience machine was meant as a critic of this kind of consequentialism.

Robert Nozick’s experience machine was meant as a critic of this kind of consequentialism.

Hedonism

Secondary Sources

Brad Hooker was a prominent advocate of this ethical theory, developed primarily in the 1950s and 60s.

Brad Hooker was a prominent advocate of this ethical theory, developed primarily in the 1950s and 60s.

Rule Consequentialism

Secondary Sources

C. Daniel Batson’s experiments sought to prove that humans have this kind of response to other people in pain.

C. Daniel Batson’s experiments sought to prove that humans have this kind of response to other people in pain.

Empathy

Secondary Sources

David Shoemaker’s presentation of the prisoner’s dilemma says that this action is the one justified if you and Fabio are both egoists.

David Shoemaker’s presentation of the prisoner’s dilemma says that this action is the one justified if you and Fabio are both egoists.

To Confess ( sing, sell out buddy, take a deal )

Secondary Sources

David Brink was cited in our book for his contributions to this kind of consequentialism, one that focuses more on the reflective pursuit of “personal projects”

David Brink was cited in our book for his contributions to this kind of consequentialism, one that focuses more on the reflective pursuit of “personal projects”

Value Pluralism ( 165 )

Utility Calculation

Using expected consequence utilitarianism, and the probabilities from our book, explain why the mine shaft problem justifies the pressing of the third switch.

Utility Calculation

Using expected consequence utilitarianism, and the probabilities from our book, explain why the mine shaft problem justifies the pressing of the third switch.

( see page 132-3)