ess the european spallation source

SNSS 04/19/23 1

ESSThe European Spallation Source

SNSS 04/19/23 2

ESSThe European Spallation Source

? What ?

? Why ?

? When ?

? How ?

? Where ?

SNSS 04/19/23 3

ESS: What ?

The next generation neutron scattering facility for Europe

The most powerful neutron scattering facility in the world

SNSS 04/19/23 4

ESS: Why ?

‘What can we do with this ?’

SNSS 04/19/23 5

Why neutrons ?

Five good reasons…

SNSS 04/19/23 6

Why neutrons ? (1)

The neutron has a wavelength (Å) and an energy (meV) comparable to typical atomic

spacings and vibrational energies -

so you can study both atomic structure and dynamics (simultaneously if required)

Neutrons tell you‘where the atoms are and

what the atoms do’(Nobel Prize citation for

Brockhouse and Shull 1994)

SNSS 04/19/23 7

Why neutrons ? (2)The neutron scattering cross-section varies randomly through the periodic table and is

isotope dependent -

distinguish light and heavy atoms or atoms of similar Z

enabling the technique of isotopic substitution/contrast variation

SNSS 04/19/23 8

Why neutrons ? (3)The neutron is a weak probe -

giving a direct and quantitative link with theory and computer simulation/modelling

0 2 4 6 8 100

2

4

6

F(Q

)

Q/Å-1

SNSS 04/19/23 9

Why neutrons ? (4)The neutron is highly penetrating -

enabling studies of samples in containers and complex sample environment

SNSS 04/19/23 10

Why neutrons ? (5)The neutron has a magnetic moment but no

charge -

enabling studies of magnetic structure and dynamics

b

SNSS 04/19/23 11

Why neutrons ?

Detail

Complexity

SNSS 04/19/23 12

ESS: Why ?

Higher intensity enables ...

ESS

SNSS 04/19/23 13

ESS: Why ?

Kinetic studies

SNSS 04/19/23 14

ESS: Why ?

More samples

Smaller samples

SNSS 04/19/23 15

ESS: Why ?

Low concentrations

SNSS 04/19/23 16

ESS: Why ?

Bigger samples

SNSS 04/19/23 17

ESS: Why ?

Extreme conditionse.g. high pressure

SNSS 04/19/23 18

ESS: Why ?

Extreme conditionse.g. low T, high B

SNSS 04/19/23 19

ESS: Why ?

0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

P = 60 bar

P = 35 bar

P = 15 bar

P = 6 bar

x

T/K

Parametric studies

x, y, T, P, B, E ...

SNSS 04/19/23 20

ESS: Why ?

Processing conditionse.g. shear

SNSS 04/19/23 21

ESS: Why ?

Surfaces, interfaces, thin films, membranes

SNSS 04/19/23 22

ESS: Why ?

3 good reasons (repeated) ...

SNSS 04/19/23 23

ESS: Why ?

Functional genomics

SNSS 04/19/23 24

ESS: Why ?

Life sciences need water to function

SNSS 04/19/23 25

ESS: Why ?

SNSS 04/19/23 26

ESS: Why ?

Complementarity

SNSS 04/19/23 27

ESS: Why ?

0 5 10 15 20 25-0.4

-0.2

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

FN(Q

)

Q/Å-1

0 2 4 6 8-1

0

1

2

3

Q/Å-1

FX(Q

)

2 4 6 8 10

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

Q/Å-1

FA

g(Q

)

SNSS 04/19/23 28

ESS: Why ?

Computers

SNSS 04/19/23 29

ESS: Why ?

and much, much more ...

SNSS 04/19/23 30

ESS: How ?

SNSS 04/19/23 31

ESS: How ?

1.334 GeV protons

5 MW average beam power

1 long pulse target station (16.6 Hz, 2 ms)

2 short pulse target stations (10 and 50 Hz, 1s)

Liquid metal targets

...

SNSS 04/19/23 32

ESS: When ?1977 - 1984 Study, design and construction of the national UK spallation source ISIS

1979 - 1985 Feasibility study for a national German Spallation Source SNQ (beam power up to 5.5 MW)

1984 British spallation source ISIS operational

1985 German SNQ project not approved

1990 Recommendation from a CEC Panel on Large Scale Facilities: ‘Carry out studies for next generation neutron sources’.

SNSS 04/19/23 33

ESS: When ?1991 - 1992 Joint initiative from Jülich and ISIS. Series of

workshops held identifying the concept of a future European spallation source

1993 Establishment of the ESS Scientific Council.Chairman: Jurgen Kjems (Riso)

1993 - 1996 Multi-national study on the 5 MW ESS. Partly financially supported by the EU (1994 - 1996).

Dec. 1996 Publication of the ESS Final Report Volume I - The European Spallation Source Volume II - The Scientific CaseVolume III - The Technical Study Identification of further high priority R&D work

SNSS 04/19/23 34

ESS: When ?Jan. 1997 Establishment of ESS R&D Council

1997 - 2001 ESS R&D Phase

May 2000 New ESS council and project organisation

SNSS 04/19/23 35

ESS: When ?

SNSS 04/19/23 36

ESS: When ?May 2000 ESS project team formed

Oct. 2000 ESS Instrumentation Group and Science Advisory Council formed

May 2001 Science/Instrumentation workshop

July 2001 Accelerator/Moderator/Target station specified

July 2002 Conclusion of multi-purpose facility study (CONCERT)

July 2003 ESS design and science case complete for presentation to governments

2004 Project approved

2010 First neutrons

SNSS 04/19/23 37

ESS: Where ?

UK (ISIS upgrade)

Germany (Julich)

France (multi-purpose facility)

Scandinavia (ESS-S)