espon workshop: “how to make regions and cities more resilient to economic crisis”

ESPON Workshop: “How to make regions and cities more resilient to economic crisis”

11th European Week of Regions and CitiesBrussels, Tuesday 8th October 2013

Andrew Copus, The James Hutton Institute, Aberdeen

TiPSE Territorial Dimensions of Poverty and Social Exclusion

“Poverty” = Income poverty (usually)

• individuals/households

• quantifiable but relative.

- measured by ARoP rate

Social Exclusion = a broader, multi-faceted phenomenon.

• Affects groups

• Inclusion within labour market, administrative systems, community, institutions, democracy…i.e “normal citizenship”

• Essentially relational and defined by processes

• Very difficult to quantify

What do we mean by Poverty and Social Exclusion?

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Patterns of Poverty across Europe (2011)

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Acores

Guyane

Madeira

Réunion

Canarias

MartiniqueGuadeloupe

Zagreb

Valletta

Budapest

Bratislava

Roma

Riga

Oslo

Bern

Wien

Kyiv

Vaduz

Paris

Praha

Minsk

Tounis

Lisboa

Athina

Skopje Ankara

MadridTirana

Sofiya

London

Berlin

Dublin

Tallinn

Nicosia

Beograd

Vilnius

Kishinev

Sarajevo

Helsinki

Warszawa

Podgorica

El-Jazair

Stockholm

Reykjavik

København

Bucuresti

Amsterdam

Luxembourg

Bruxelles/Brussel

Ljubljana

Per Cent of Population

3.4 - 9.9

10.0 - 14.9

15.0 - 19.9

20.0 - 24.9

25.0 - 44.3

ARoP Rate: Share of population with less than 60% of the median equivalised household disposable income (after welfare transfers).

Source: Eurostat, Statistics Explained, Income distribution statistics,http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/statistics_explained/index.php/Income_distribution_statistics

The blue columns show the ARoP rate in 2011 (after welfare transfers).

The green coloured columns on top show what the ARoP rate would be in the absence of welfare transfers.

What are the implications of austerity programmes?

The importance of Welfare Policies…

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Before

After

Effect ofsocial transfers:

Patterns of change during the Crisis…

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Acores

Guyane

Madeira

Réunion

Canarias

MartiniqueGuadeloupe

Zagreb

Valletta

Budapest

Bratislava

Roma

Riga

Oslo

Bern

Wien

Kyiv

Vaduz

Paris

Praha

Minsk

Tounis

Lisboa

Athina

Skopje Ankara

MadridTirana

Sofiya

London

Berlin

Dublin

Tallinn

Nicosia

Beograd

Vilnius

Kishinev

Sarajevo

Helsinki

Warszawa

Podgorica

El-Jazair

Stockholm

Reykjavik

København

Bucuresti

Amsterdam

Luxembourg

Bruxelles/Brussel

Ljubljana

Change in At-Risk-of-Poverty Rate

>-0.25

-0.25 - 0.25

>0.25

# NUTS 2 Increasing

# NUTS 2 Decreasing

Background shading: comparison of the (national) average ARoP rates during 2005-07 and 2009-11.

Pies: Where NUTS 2 data exists for both periods the pies show the proportion of regions increasing (red) and decreasing (blue).

National/Regional ARoP rates mask complex local variation…

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...and across the UK...and across the UK

Some preliminary comments…

•4 “domains” – a) earning a living, b) access to basic services, c) social environment, d) political participation

•Labour market aspects well covered – other aspects (especially (d)) neglected.

•Harmonisation issues

•Different aspects (even within 4 domains) show different patterns (E-W, N-S, U-R)

•Combining these separate dimensions of SE would result in a meaningless map!

•Both analysis and policy need to recognise these different dimensions

Patterns of Social Exclusion…

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1. Need a much clearer understanding of the different dimensions of social exclusion, and their geography.

2. Are national/horizontal policies appropriate/sufficient to address complex patterns of regional/local differentiation in inequality?

3. A range of policy areas address poverty and social exclusion is there sufficient policy coherence?

4. How do different welfare approaches relate to “inclusive growth” – are they closely related/mutually reinforcing or independent/incompatible?

5. Austerity underlines the increasing importance of informal/voluntary local community-based solutions, - social innovation.

Implications for Response to the Economic Crisis

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Thank you for your attention…

andrew.copus@hutton.ac.ukandrew.copus@hutton.ac.uk