esd reporting presentation to esd workshops dr rick fletcher
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ESD REPORTING
Presentation to ESD Workshops
Dr Rick Fletcher
OUTLINE OF TALK
• Why are we doing this?
• Brief Overall Description of National ESD Reporting Framework
• Details of each of the 4 steps
• Aquaculture
• Cross Fishery and Regional Planning
NSESD (1992)“using, conserving and enhancing the
community’s resources so that ecological processes, on which life depends, are maintained, and the total quality of life, now and in the future, can be increased”
Incorporates the 5 major issues of interest:Target Species, Ecosystem, Social, Economic and
Governance
What is ESD?
Why Not Just Environment??• Natural resource management needs more than
just having minimum standards for affected populations
• The activity MUST produce some social or economic benefit or it is vandalism
• Depending upon societal values - acceptable impacts can be from “not to be harvested” (e.g. dolphins) to “fully exploit” (e.g. prawns).
• To effectively manage a fishery (and meet ESD Principles) requires integration of environmental, social and economic factors.
Issues and Needs• Fisheries Legislative Requirements (all have ESD in
their Acts in some form)• Other Government Requirements e.g. EPBC (Used to
be Schedule 4). Various state-based agencies want environment issues addressed (EPA, Councils etc).
• Market Leverage/Access Marine Stewardship Council • Develop one reporting process that gathers the
information to meets most of these needs• Urgent need to respond to the EPBC requirements to
enable exports past 2003
ESD Measurement and Reporting
• Many previous attempts have failed
• One size does not fit all
• Requires a process to systematically identify issues,
develop operational objectives and then work out what
indicators need to be measured.
• The objectives and acceptable range needs to be
developed with all stakeholders
• Level of information presented needs to be appropriate to
the issue
Why Have a Framework?• Having a framework is NOT an alternative for
undertaking other necessary actions
• It puts all actions and issues into context
• Without a framework it is too easy to conduct
unnecessary work and/or miss working on the real
issues
• Helps determine what actions should be
undertaken
• Should maximise their benefits
National ESD Framework
• Began in March 2000 (after Geelong ESD
Conference)
• Project has used a stakeholder reference
group to provide ongoing advice
• An ESD reporting framework for wild
capture was refined through 8 case studies
& 2 workshops
National ESD Framework
• From this a “HOW TO GUIDE” was written
to “operationalise” ESD for fisheries
How does the National ESD Process Work? - Part 1
Identify specific issues for
each fishery by adapting the
set of generic component
trees in a workshop fashion
N a tio n a l E S D R E P O R T IN G F R A M E W O R K
R e ta in ed
N o n R e ta in ed
G e ne ra lE co sys tem
E co lo g ica lA sse ssm e n ts
In d ig e no us
C o m m u n ity
N a tio n a l
S o c io -E o n o m ic W ellb e ingA sse ssm e n ts
G o ve rna n ce
Im pa ct o fE n v iro n m e nt
A b ility to A ch ie veA sse ssm e n ts
F ish e ry
Separates ESD into 8 main components across 3 categories
Target Species
By catch and protected speciesHabitat impacts
Trophic Changes
Socio economic at 3 different levels
Administration
External impacts both Natural and human induced
G en eric Tree
P rim ary S p ec ies S econ d ary S p ec ies B y-P rod u c t
R eta in ed S p ec ies
S p ec ific Tree
C oas ta l A b roh los
R ock L ob s te r
O c top u s S ca le fishS h arks
D eep S eaC rab s
B y-P rod u c t
R E TA IN E D S P E C IE S
Why use generic component trees?
• Likely issues identified were developed into a generic
tree for each component of ESD
• These generic trees are used as the starting point for all
assessments
• Enhances consistency of approach
• Requires specification of what are NOT issues as much
as determining what are issues.
• Minimises ‘missing issues’ at first pass
FIRST TASK
• AGREE ON THE COMPONENT TREE
STRUCTURE FOR THESE FISHERIES
• YOU CAN ADD ANY ISSUE YOU THINK
HAS NOT BEEN INCLUDED
• WE DO NOT DEBATE THEIR PRIORITY -
THIS IS DONE IN THE NEXT STAGE
How does the process work?Part 2
• Often many issues are identified, their importance varies and not all will require full reports and explicit management
• Conduct a Risk Assessment on each of the identified issues to determine appropriate level of response –again in a workshop environment
RISK ASSESSMENT
Likelihood
Negligible Minor Moderate Severe Major Catastrophic
0 1 2 3 4 5
Remote 1 0 1 2 3 4 5
Rare 2 0 2 4 6 8 10
Unlikely 3 0 3 6 9 12 15
Possible 4 0 4 8 12 16 20
Occasional 5 0 5 10 15 20 25
Likely 6 0 6 12 18 24 30
Consequence
We have developed five consequence tables specific to
assessing issues related to fisheries
RISK ASSESSMENT
R ep ort Ju s tifica tionC u rren t S ta tu s
O n ly
L ow R isk /P rio rity
D eve lop O b jec tivesIn d ica to rs
P erfo rm an ce lim its e tcR ep ort on cu rren t P erfom an ce
> L ow R isk /P rio rity
R isk A ssessm en t
C om p on en tTrees
(issu es id en tified )
NO DIRECT MANAGEMENT NEEDED
DIRECT MANAGEMENT IS NEEDED
Reporting Process Part 3Complete Suitably Detailed Reports on Each Issue
• Can you justify that your management actions (or in inactions) are appropriate given the level of risk and the current level of knowledge available?
• Is your current performance acceptable given the levels chosen?
PART 3 - Reporting • Rationale for inclusion (risk rating)• Operational Objectives (+Justification)• Indicator• Performance Measure (+Justification)• Data Requirements• Data Availability• Evaluation• Evaluation Reliability• Management Response (Current, Future and if Trigger is
reached)• Summary of Actions and Conclusions• External Drivers
THESE THREE ARE A PACKAGE
What specifically for this issue for this fishery do you want
to achieve and WHY?
These need to link directlyto the objectives
n
How does the process work?Part 4
Complete Application using information in Component Reports
Summary of ESD Framework
R eport onJustif ication of R isk
R ating
Low R isk /P riority
D evelop O bjectivesIndicators
P erform ance lim itsR eport C u rren t S tatus
> Low R isk /P riority
P R IO R ITIS A TIO N(R isk A ssessm en t)
ID E N TIF Y IS S U E S(M odify E igh t E S DC om ponen t Trees)
Plus General
Background Information
= ESD
STATUS REPORT
Audits
Other Stakeholders
Government
Specific Reports
Comparison to other Models
Process Reporting Unit Questions Being Asked
SCFA Fishery Activity (whereever it impacts)
Montreal Forest All activities in theHabitat
SOE Nation/Region Environmentalchange at a
Location(no benchmarks
to assess performance)
DETAILS ON COMPONENT TREES
Wild Capture
N A TIO N A L E S D R E P O R TIN G F R A M E W O R K
R eta in ed
N on R eta in ed
G en era lE cosys tem
E co log ica lA ssessm en ts
In d ig en ou s
C om m u n ity
N ation a l
S oc ia l W e llb e in gA ssessm en ts
G overn an ce
Im p ac t o fE n viron m en t
A b ility to A ch ieveA ssessm en ts
F ish ery
Retained Species
DistributionAbundanceStructureDiscards
Stock 1 Stock 2 etc.(as for stock 1)
Species 1 Species 2 etc.(as for species 1)
Prim ary Species
Species or species group(as for prim ary species)
By-Product Species
Retained Species
At some stage these SPECIES are wanted by some or all of the fishery - ie you do want to catch some
Revised Rock Lobster Tree
C o a s ta l
A b roh los
R o ck Lo b s te r
O c top us
S ca le fishS h a rks
D e ep S eaC ra b s
B y-P ro d u ct
R E T A IN E D S P E C IE S
E A S T C O A S T TU N A
A b u n d an ce(exp lo itab le /sp aw in g e tc )
S ou th ern N orth ern
Y e llow fin Tu n a
B ig E ye Tu n a
B road b illS word fish
S trip ed M arlin
S k ip Jack Tu n a
P rim ary S p ec ies
O th er Tu n a
S B T? ? ?
O th er F in fish
S h arks
B y-P rod u c t S p ec ies
R eta in ed S p ec ies
THREE BASIC CATEGORIES
Target/Major ByProduct
1. Species by itself
Minor Byproduct
2. Species is mostly taken in another fishery, that fishery will deal with the species explicitly and comprehensively
3. Other – nobody, including this fishery takes a significant (relevant to the stock) amount
Non-Retained
Th rea ten ed S p ec ies O th er
C ap tu re D irec t D am ag e b u t n o C ap tu re
N on -R eta in ed S p ec ies
These SPECIES are NEVER wanted to be caught - if possible eradicate all from catch
Non-RetainedRock Lobster
S ea lion s
P ro tec ted S p ec ies
M oray E e ls
O th er
C ap tu redin p o ts
L ea th erb ack Tu rtles
Tu rtles
W h a les /D o lp h in s
M an ta R ays
D irec t im p ac tb u t n o t cap tu red b y P o ts
N on -R eta in ed S p ec ies
THREE BASIC CATEGORIES
Major Non – Retained
1. Species by itself
Protected/Threatened
1. Species by itself
Minor Non-retained (group)
2. Group (minor - determined by a risk assessment for each species)
Bait collection
Fishing (all rem ovals)(eg trophic levels)
Ghost fishing
Benthic Biota
rem oval of/dam age toorganisms
Stock enhancem ent
Discarding/Provisioning
Translocation
addition/movem entof biological m aterial
Im pacts on the biological comm unitythrough
Fuel usage/Exhaust
Greenhouse gas em issions
Air quality
Debris
O il discharge
W ater quality
Above low w ater m ark
Substrate quality
Other
General Ecosystem
Indirect Environmental issues
Rock Lobster Environmental issues
F ish in g(eg trop h ic im p ac ts )
G h os t fish in g
P h ys ica l Im p ac t on C ora l
O th er B en th ic Typ es
B en th ic b io ta
rem ova l o f/d am ag e toorg an ism s
D isease
E cosys tem
B ait(in c lu d in g im p orted b a it
is su es )
ad d it ion /m ovem en to f b io log ica l m ate ria l
Im p ac ts on th e b io log ica l com m u n ityth rou g h
A ir q u a lity
D eb ris
W ater q u a lity
A b roh los Is lan d sC am p s
A b ove low w ate r m ark
S u b s tra te q u a lity
B ird In te rac tion
O th er
G en era l E cosys tem
Indigenous Issues
E con om icV a lu e
E m p loym en t S oc ia l C ap ita l
P os /N egF ee lin g s
Trad it ion a lF ish in g
A ccess toL an d s
O th er
C u ltu ra lV a lu es
In d ig en ou s C om m u n ity W e llb e in g
It was thought that there should be an explicit discussion on the impacts on indigenous groups
C on trib u tion o f th e F ish ery/In d u s try to :
E con om ic b en efits
L ifes tyle
In d u s tryS tru c tu re
fish ery/in d u s try
In d u s try C om m u n ity(ie th e p eop le d irec tly em p loyed an d fam ilies )
R esou rceD ep en d en cy(E m p loym en tE con om ics )
soc ia l cap ita l
o th er va lu es(p os it ive /n eg ative
fee lin g s )
C om m u n ity A C om m u n ity B
D ep en d en t/sen s it ive com m u n ities
o th er va lu es(p os it ive /n eg ative
fee lin g s )
C om m u n ity A C om m u n ity B e tc
L ess d ep en d en t/sen s it ive com m u n ities
L oca l/reg ion a l C om m u n ities(as re levan t to p articu la r fish ery)
C om m u n ity W ellb e in g
The types of communities range from the industry itself to small dependent communities to those that are not dependent
COMMUNITY WELLBEING
n e t econ om ic re tu rn
E con om ic
S eafood C on su m p tion
S eafood Q u a lity
H ea lth B en e fits /R isks
E m p loym en t
Im p ort rep lacem en t
E xis ten ce va lu es
C on trib u tion to cu ltu ra l va lu es
A ttitu d es to fish ery
D is trib u tion o f B en e fits
S oc ia l
N a tion a l S oc io -E con om ic W e ll-b e in g
NATIONAL WELLBEING
The broadest community addressed is at the national level
Governance
Effectiveness
Plans
Com pliance
Inform ation
Inter-AgencyCOoperation
Allocation
M anagem ent
access rights
OCS arrangem ents
Other Law s
Legal Fram ew ork
Partic ipation(incl M ACs)
Com m unication
Consultation
Review s and Audit
Reporting
M anagem entAgency
proactive policy
Econom icInstrum ents
Policy capabilities
Governm ent
codes of conduct
participation
seafood health
peak bodies
Industry
w atchdog role
representativeness(proven constituency)
others (NG Os etc)
Governance
These components address whether there are the appropriate mechanisms to actually achieve the objectives listed in the previous 7 trees.
GENERAL OBJECTIVE
To have acceptable levels of governance
Is the management plan being effective? Is Catch or Effort remaining within acceptable limits
Does the management plan have the 10 key elements?
Is there effective compliance?
Is there effective consultation and reporting?
ESD Assessment Tools
One of the initiatives of the ESD subprogram is the compilation of information on each of the major fisheries into an Assessment Manual to assist in the development of ESD reports and their assessment.
Assessment Headings
1. VULNERABILITY TO FISHING
2. BIOLOGICAL REFERENCE POINTS• Spawning Biomass• Lowest Level Reached• Max. Exploitation Rate 3. ECONOMIC REFERENCE POINTS• MSY/MEY
Assessment Headings
4. INDICATORS OF ABUNDANCE(Robustness)• Catch• Catch Rate• Independent Survey• Current Stock Size (Models)• Probability of meeting “target”• Mean Size• Recruit. Surveys
Assessment Headings 5. MANAGEMENT RESPONSES(Effectiveness of tools)• Size Limits • Reproductive • Closures• Effort• Output 6. ECOSYSTEM• Impacts on Prey• Impacts on Predators
Assessment Manual
INDIVIDUAL FISHERY REPORTS
Method Overall General Bycatch
Listed Species
Ghost Fishing
Benthic Effects
Discards/ Prov.
Hand gathered
LOW Nil NIL NIL NIL NEGL.
Line LOW LOW LOW NIL LOW LOW
Potting/ Trapping
LOW LOW LOW- MOD
MOD-HIGH
LOW- MOD NEGL.
Haul Nets LOW – MOD
MOD LOW NEGL. LOW -MOD LOW
Purse Seine
LOW – MOD
LOW LOW –HIGH
NEGL. NEGL. LOW
Longlines LOW-MOD
LOW LOW-HIGH LOW NEGL. NEGL.
Demersal Gillnets
LOW MOD MOD LOW - MOD NEGL. LOW
Prawn Trawl
MOD- HIGH
MOD –HIGH
LOW – HIGH
NIL MOD- HIGH MOD
Fish trawl HIGH MOD –HIGH
LOW –HIGH
NIL HIGH LOW -MOD
Dredge HIGH MOD LOW-MOD NIL HIGH HIGH
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