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Knowing Yourself the Scientific Way
What does that mean in the workplace?
“[Personality] is the stablepattern of behaviour that characterises a
person” (Burns, 1997)
Impact of Personality in the Organisational Mix
• Personality and Personal Values play an important role in the workplace
• Eysenck’s and Cattell’s theories attempt to show the underlying personality traits – explaining human behaviour in various
situations (“Trait Theories”)
Know Thyself: Eysenck’s Personality Typology
• According to Eysenck, personality is structured across 3 dimensions:– Extraversion - Introversion– Neuroticism - Stable– Psychoticism - Normal
• The Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) was devised to objectively assess a person’s personality dimensions
Personality Dimensions
• Scores on the dimensions are related to specific characteristics.
• Eysenck’s theory produces 4 main types of personality, combining these
Sanguine
Choleric
Phlegmatic
MelancholicUnstable-
Introverted
Stable-Introverted
Stable-Extraverted
Unstable-Extraverted
Extraversion Dimension
• Extraverts are typically active, sociable, assertive and are carefree.
• Intraverts are the opposite
Costa & McCrae, 1995
HighActivity
SociabilityExpressivenessAssertiveness
AmbitionDogmatism
Aggressiveness
ExtravertedIntraverted
Low
Neuroticism Dimension
• Neurotic personality is associated with high level of negative affect; ie worries, anxieties, irrationality and depression
Costa & McCrae, 1995
HighInferiority
UnhappinessAnxiety
DependenceHypochrondia
GuiltObessiveness
NeuroticStable
Low
Psychotism Dimension
• Those who score highly on the psychotism dimension has the capacity for psychotic episodes
• They are also non-conforming, reckless, and unempathic, but also creative
HighRisk TakingImpulsivity
IrresponsibilityManipulativeness
Tough-mindednessSensation-seeking
Practicality
PsychoticNormal
Low
Cattell’s Way
• Cattell isolated 16 descriptive terms which are primary traits (source) of personality– Warmth – Reasoning – Emotional Stability – Dominance – Liveliness – Rule-
Consciousness
– Openness to Change
– Self-Reliance – Perfectionism – Tension
– Social Boldness – Sensitivity – Vigilance – Abstractedness – Privateness – Apprehensivene
ss
See for more info http://www.16pfworld.com/primaryfactors.html
Global Factors
• When the primary traits are factor-analysed you get Global Factors which describe personality at a broader level. – Extraversion – Anxiety – Tough-Mindedness – Independence – Self-Control
Relevance to Work Practice
• Both these theories have predictive usefulness in the occupational sphere
• In business and industry, for e.g.– They have implication for behavioural
preference and individual fit for certain work roles• Therefore, they can be used as methods for
increasing work contentment by means of personnel selection, and to also improve efficiency output and occupational successes
That is…
• Using these Eysenck’s and Cattell’s methods– You can choose the right job for you…
What are your personality dimensions?
• See for yourself• Go to:
– http://similarminds.com/eysenck.html– http://www.16pfworld.com/primaryfactors.html
References
• McKenna, E. (1994). Business & Organisational Behaviour: A Student’s Handbook. Lawrence Erlbaum Assoc Ltd, East Sussex
• Furnham, A. (2008). Personality & Intelligence at Work: Exploring and Explaining Individual Differences at Work. Routledge, East Sussex
• http://www.trans4mind.com/personality/• Jackson (2000). Structure of the EPP, Brit. J.
Psych, 91, 223 • Costa & McCrae (95). Primary Traits of the
Eysenck PEN System, J. Personality & Social Psych, 69, 308
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