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Technical Transformation Engineering Project of
37kt/a Wheat Straw Pulp ECF Bleaching Process
of Zhumadian Municipal Baiyun Paper Co., Ltd.
Environmental Management Plan
Zhumadian Municipal Baiyun Paper Co., Ltd.
March 2014
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Contents
1 Chapter 1 Overview .......................................................................................... 1
1.1 Project Overview and Background ················································································ 1
1.2 Compilation Basis ········································································································· 3
1.3 Targets of Environmental Protection and Sensitive Point ············································· 5
1.4 Relevant Standards ········································································································ 7
2 Environmental Protection Measures ............................................................ 12
2.1 Pollution Prevention and Control Countermeasure and Measures in Construction
Period ································································································································· 12
2.2 Pollution Prevention and Control Countermeasure and Measures in Operation Period
··········································································································································· 12
3 Environmental Management ......................................................................... 37
3.1 Corporate Environmental Management ······································································ 37
3.2 Environmental Management Measures ······································································· 38
4 Environmental Risk Assessment ................................................................... 43
4.1 Environmental Risk Identification ·············································································· 43
4.2 Environmental Risk Prevention and Emergency Measures ········································ 56
4.3 Emergency Plan and Monitoring for Accidents ·························································· 64
5 Public Communication Mechanism for Environmental Protection .......... 73
5.1 Main Problems of Public Concern ······························ Error! Bookmark not defined.
5.2 Public Communication Plan for Environmental ProtectionError! Bookmark not
defined.
6 Plans for Environmental Supervision and Monitoring . Error! Bookmark not
defined.
6.1 Environmental Supervision Plan ································· Error! Bookmark not defined.
6.2 Environmental Monitoring Plan ·································· Error! Bookmark not defined.
7 Personnel Training .............................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
7.1 On-the-job Training for Environmental Management PersonnelError! Bookmark
not defined.
7.2 Training for Project Responsible Persons and Construction personnel ··············· Error!
Bookmark not defined.
II
7.3 Staff Training in Project Operation Period ·················· Error! Bookmark not defined.
7.4 Training Methods and Expense Budget ······················ Error! Bookmark not defined.
8 Occupational Sanitation, Health and Safety .... Error! Bookmark not defined.
8.1 Setting of Occupational Health Institutions ················ Error! Bookmark not defined.
8.2 Occupational Health Education ··································· Error! Bookmark not defined.
8.3 Occupational Protection Appliances ··························· Error! Bookmark not defined.
9 Legal Force of Environmental Management Plan......... Error! Bookmark not
defined.
10 Budget for Environmental Management Plan ............. Error! Bookmark not
defined.
驻马店市白云纸业有限公司清洁生产技术改造环境管理计划
1
Technical Transformation Engineering Project
of 37kt/a Wheat Straw Pulp ECF Bleaching Process
of Zhumadian Municipal Baiyun Paper Co., Ltd.
Environmental Management Plan
1 Overview
1.1 Project Overview and Background
Zhumadian Municipal Baiyun Paper Co., Ltd. was approved and established by the
Zhumadian Municipal Government as a solely state-owned company according to the modern
corporate system in August 1999, and the company was restructured with Henan Construction
& Investment Company and became the new Zhumadian Municipal Baiyun Paper Co., Ltd. in
November 2003. The company is located in the northeast suburb of Suiping County of
Zhumadian City, bordering the Ru River in the east, 1km to the train station, about 5km from
the entry to of the Beijing-Zhuhai Expressway to the north, as well as 1.5km from 107
National Highway to the west. The company has 1,977 employees, with an area of 1,293.2
Mu, fixed assets amounted to 2.1 billion Yuan, and registered capital of 120 million Yuan. In
recent years, Baiyun Paper Co. Ltd. has achieved some results in the fields of production and
operation, safety and environmental protection, quality management and so on; the company
has gradually grown into an industry leader in Henan Province, which takes the lead in
becoming an enterprise with the approval of “four systems”. In Henan Province, the company
was identified as the “Provincial Enterprise Technology Center”, the “Henan Provincial
Research Center for Energy-Saving and Emission Reduction Engineering Technology in
Pulping and Papermaking”, as well as one of the first batch of “Quality Credit Grade AA
Enterprises in Henan Province”, it has been awarded with the “Top Ten Enterprises in Paper
Industry in Henan Province” for seven consecutive years, and received awards of the “Green
Enterprise in Henan Province”, the “Water-saving Enterprise in Henan Province”, as well as
the national “Ankang Cup” Competition Winner.
驻马店市白云纸业有限公司清洁生产技术改造环境管理计划
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The company's existing annual pulping (alkali bleached wheat straw pulp) capacity is
37,000 tons, its cultural paper production capacity is 100,000 tons, its main products are offset
printing paper, writing paper, etc., and at the same time, the company has the 110t/d alkali
recovery system and a sewage treatment station with a treatment capacity of 25,000 tons. The
company passed the final inspection and acceptance of construction organized by the
Environmental Impact Assessment Department of the SEPA in the form of EIA Approval No.
【2004】055 in July 2004. The enterprise’s wastewater is discharged into the urban sewer
system of Suiping County after being treated and reaching the standards, finally into the Ru
River through the Kuiwang River.
In order to adapt to market demand and adjust the industrial structure, the enterprise
carried out technical innovation and expansion projects on the basis of original scale of
production; it expanded the 50k t/a alkali bleached wheat straw pulp production line and the
136k t/a cultural paper production line by using the TCF process (total chlorine free bleaching)
from the beginning of 2006, it constructed the supporting 150t/d alkali recovery system and a
calcium carbonate production workshop, a sewage treatment station and a compound fertilizer
production workshop, and at the same time, it carried out the technical transformation on the
37kt/a bleached pulp production line (CEH bleaching) by using the same process. After
adopting the TCF pulping process, bleaching wastewater can be reused, thus the utilization
rate of water cycle is improved, the volume of wastewater discharged in the whole pulping
process can be controlled to be 30m3/tp, which is greatly reduced compared with wastewater
volume of 130m3/tp generated by the original pulp production line; at the same time, this
process adopts the series connection of multi-stage vacuum washer and press pulp washer, and
the extraction rate of black liquor could be up to 95%, so that the grey water pollution is greatly
reduced; therefore, after adopting the TCF process, the generation and emission of water
pollutants in the whole plant can be reduced substantially, the plant can achieve “ total pollution
load control, increase production capacity and reducing pollution” after the completion of the
project, and the project construction can conform to the requirements of the State’s relevant
industrial policies.
According to the company's actual situation, the Environmental Management Plan for
Technical Upgrading of Cleaner Production is formulated, so as to improve the economic
benefit and environmental benefit of the project.
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1.2 Compilation Basis
1.2.1 Laws and Regulations
(1)“Law of the People’s Republic of China on Environmental Protection” (December
26, 1989);
(2)“Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Water
Pollution” (February 28, 2008);
(3)“Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of
Atmospheric Pollution” (April 29, 2000);
(4)“Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Ambient
Noise Pollution” (October 29, 1996);
(5)“Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of
Environmental Pollution Caused by Solid Waste” (April 1, 2005);
(6)“Law of the People’s Republic of China on Promotion of Cleaner Production”
(February 29, 2012);
(7)“Interim Provisions on Promoting Industrial Structure Adjustment” (State Council
Doc. No. [2005]40);
(8)“Industrial Structure Adjustment Catalogue (issued in 2011 and revised in 2013)”
(NDRC Decree No. [2011]9 and [2013] 21);
(9)“Comments of the State Council on Strengthening Key Environmental Protection
Works” (State Council Doc. No. [2011]35);
(10) “Regulations on the Prevention and Control of Water Pollution in Henan
Province” (November 27, 2009);
(11) “Regulations on the Prevention and Control of Environmental Pollution Caused
by Solid Waste in Henan Province” (September 28, 2011);
(12) “Regulations on Control over Safety of Hazardous Chemicals” (State Council
Decree No. 344, December 1, 2011);
(13) “Implementing Rules for Regulations on Control over Safety of Hazardous
驻马店市白云纸业有限公司清洁生产技术改造环境管理计划
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Chemicals” (Ministry of Chemical Industry, Ministry of Labor, Doc. No. [1992] 6777);
(14) World Bank’s Operational Policy and Procedure OP/BP4.01 on EIA;
(15) “Twelfth Five-Year Plan for Water Pollution Prevention and Control in the Huai
River Valley”;
(16) “Policies on Development of Papermaking Industry”, (NDRC Doc. No. [2007]
71);
(17) “Regulations on Environmental Protection of Construction Projects in the Light
Industry” (QBJ35-94)
1.2.2 Technical Basis
(1)World Bank OP/BP4.01 Environmental Assessment
(2)World Bank Group “Environment, Health and Safety Guidelines – Paper
Industry”;
(3)“Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment - General Rules”
(HJ/T2.1-2011);
(4)Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment - Atmospheric
Environment” (HJ2.2-2008);
(5)“Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment - Surface Water
Environment” (HJ/T2.3-93);
(6)“Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment - Ground Water
Environment” (HJ/ 610-2011);
(7)“Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment - Acoustical
Environment” (HJ/2.4-2009);
(8)“Technical Guidelines for Environmental Impact Assessment - Ecological Impact”
(HJ19-2011);
(9)“Technical Guidelines for Environmental Risk Assessment for Construction
Projects” (HJ/T169-2004);
(10) “National Hazardous Waste List” (MEP Decree No. [2008]1);
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(11) “Identification of Major Hazard Installations for Dangerous Chemicals”
(GB18218-2009);
(12) “Identification Standards for Hazardous Wastes (for trial implementation)” (April
1, 2006);
1.2.3 Related Documents
(1)“Feasibility Study Report on the Technical Transformation Engineering Project of
37kt/a Wheat Straw Pulp ECF Bleaching Process of Zhumadian Municipal Baiyun Paper Co.,
Ltd.”;
(2)“Environment Impact Report on Engineering Project Annual 37 kt/a Bleached
Wheat Straw Pulp (Chemical Caustic Soda Bleaching Process) and Sewage Treatment of
Zhumadian Municipal Baiyun Paper Co., Ltd.” (Submitted for Approval), its written reply and
acceptance documents;
(3)“Environment Impact Report on 136 kt/a Production of Culture Paper Project of
Zhumadian Municipal Baiyun Paper Co., Ltd.” (Submitted for Approval) and its written
reply;
(4)“Analysis Report on Change of 136 kt/a Culture Paper Project of Zhumadian
Municipal Baiyun Paper Co., Ltd.” and its written reply;
(5)“Post-Evaluation Report on Environmental Impact of 136 kt/a Culture Paper
Project of Zhumadian Municipal Baiyun Paper Co., Ltd.” and its written reply;
(6)Other data and materials relating to the project.
1.3 Environmental Protection Goal and Sensitive Point
1.3.1 Targets of Environmental Protection
The project’s targets of environmental protection can be seen in Table 1-1.
Table 1-1 Targets of Environmental Protection
No. Item Protection Targets
1 Ecological
Environment
The local ecological functions and the important targets of ecological
protection in the region should be protected, such as natural reserves,
biological diversity, etc., and there is no natural reserve in the assessed
驻马店市白云纸业有限公司清洁生产技术改造环境管理计划
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range.
2 Water Environment The quality of receiving waters, including the Kuiwang River and Ru
River, should be protected and meet the functional requirements.
3 Ambient Air The residential areas, schools and villages in the assessed areas should be
protected.
4 Acoustic
Environment Noise at boundary should meet the requirements of functional areas.
1.3.2 Environmental Sensitive Point
The environmental sensitive point of this project can be seen in Table 1-2.
Table 1-2 Environmental Sensitive Point of Project
Environm
ental
Elements
Protection
Objects
Directio
ns
Distanc
e to
Bound
ary /m
Scale/Pe
rson Function Protection Level
Air
Environme
nt
Yinlou S 100 643 Residenti
al area
“Ambient Air Quality
Standards”
(GB3095-1996) - Class 2
Low-rent
house S 50 3,000
Residenti
al area
Yinzhuang E 500 689 Residenti
al area
Local
Taxation
Bureau
W 200 / Office
district
Jinyuan
Community W 130
Unoccupi
ed
Residenti
al area
Surface
Water
Environment
Kuiwang
River NE 70 2.85m
3/s
Drainage,
irrigation,
receiving
sewage
“Quality Standards for
Ambient Surface Water”
(GB3838-2002) - Grade
IV
汝河
Ru River SE 350 27.59m
3/s
Drainage,
irrigation,
receiving
sewage
“Quality Standards for
Ambient Surface Water”
(GB3838-2002) - Grade
IV
Ground
Water
Environment
Groundwater
in assessed
area
- - - Drinking,
irrigation
“Quality Standards for
Underground Water”
(GB/T14848-93) - Grade
III
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1.4 Relevant Standards
1.4.1 Environmental Quality Standards
(1)Ambient Air Quality Standard
As for SO2, NO2, PM10, PM10 and TSP, this project should implement the “Ambient Air
Quality Standard (GB3095-1996)” and the Amendment Notice (January 6, 2000), the Class 2
standard should be implemented in the project area, and as for hydrogen sulfide and ammonia,
the “Hygienic standards for the Design of Industrial Enterprises” (GBZ1-2010) - Table 1 for
the Maximum Allowable Concentration of Harmful Substances in the Air of Residential Areas
should be implemented. The specific values can be seen in Table 1-3.
Table 1-3 Limits in Ambient Air Quality Standard
Pollutant Name Sample Time
Concentration limit (mg/Nm3)
Standard Basis Class 1
Standard
Class 2
Standard
Sulfur dioxide
SO2
Annual average
Daily average
1-hour average
0.02
0.05
0.15
0.06
0.15
0.50
“Ambient Air Quality
Standard”
(GB3095-1996) and its
Amendment Notice
Total suspended
particles
TSP
Annual average
Daily average
0.08
0.12
0.20
0.30
Inhalable particles
PM10
Annual average
Daily average
0.04
0.05
0.10
0.15
Nitrogen dioxide
NO2
Annual average
Daily average
1-hour average
0.04
0.08
0.12
0.08
0.12
0.24
Hydrogen sulfide
H2S Once 0.01
“Sanitary Standard for
the Design of Industrial
Enterprises” Table 1 for
the Maximum Allowable
Concentration of
Harmful Substances in
the Air of Residential
Areas
Ammonia
NH3 Once 0.20
(2)Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water
Kuiwang River and the Ru River are the project’s receiving waters, and the water quality
should meet the Grade IV water quality standard in the “Environmental Quality Standards for
Surface Water” (GB3838-2002). The specific values can be seen in Table 1-4.
Table 1-4 Limits in Quality Standard for Surface Water
驻马店市白云纸业有限公司清洁生产技术改造环境管理计划
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Pollutant Name pH COD BOD5 Volatile
phenol
Chloride SS*
Grade Ⅴstandard
value 6~9 30 6
0.01 250 100
Notes: SS refer to the dry farming standard in the “Standards for Irrigation Water Quality”
(GB5084-2005).
(3) Quality Standard for Ground Water
The ground water should comply with the Grade III standard in the “Quality Standard for
Ground Water” (GB/T14848-93) (it is based on human health baseline, and it mainly applies
to the centralized domestic drinking water sources and the water industry and agriculture).
The specific standard values of groundwater quality are shown in Table 1-5.
Table 1-5 Limits in Quality Standard for Ground Water Unit: mg/L (except pH value)
Item Name Grade I Grade II Grade III Grade IV Grade V
pH 6.5~8.5 5.5~6.5
8.5~9 <5.5,>9
Ammonia nitrogen ≤0.02 ≤0.02 ≤0.2 ≤0.5 >0.5
Nitrate ≤2.0 ≤5.0 ≤20 ≤30 >30
Nitrite ≤0.001 ≤0.01 ≤0.02 ≤0.1 >0.1
Volatile phenols (phenol
meter) ≤0.001 ≤0.001 ≤0.002 ≤0.01 >0.01
Cyanide ≤0.001 ≤0.01 ≤0.05 ≤0.1 >0.1
Arsenic ≤0.005 ≤0.01 ≤0.05 ≤0.05 >0.05
Mercury ≤0.00005 ≤0.0005 ≤0.001 ≤0.001 >0.001
Chromium (six +) ≤0.005 ≤0.01 ≤0.05 ≤0.1 >0.1
Total hardness (based on
CaCO3) ≤150 ≤300 ≤450 ≤550 >550
Lead ≤0.005 ≤0.01 ≤0.05 ≤0.1 >0.1
Fluoride ≤1.0 ≤1.0 ≤1.0 ≤2.0 >2.0
Cadmium ≤0.0001 ≤0.001 ≤0.01 ≤0.01 >0.01
Iron ≤0.1 ≤0.2 ≤0.3 ≤1.5 >1.5
Manganese ≤0.05 ≤0.05 ≤0.1 ≤1.0 >1.0
Total dissolved solids ≤300 ≤500 ≤1,000 ≤2,000 >2,000
Permanganate index ≤1.0 ≤2.0 ≤3.0 ≤10 >10
Sulfate ≤50 ≤150 ≤250 ≤350 >350
Chloride ≤50 ≤150 ≤250 ≤350 >350
Total coliform group ≤3.0 ≤3.0 ≤3.0 ≤100 >100
(4)Environmental Quality Standard for Noise
The project is located in Jiancheng District of Suiping County, and the periphery of the
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plant should comply with the category 2 standard of the “Environmental Quality Standard for
Noise” (GB3096-2008). The specific standard limit values are listed in Table 1-6.
Table 1-6 Environmental Quality Standards for Noise Unit: Leq[dB(A)]
Category Day Night
2 60 50
1.4.2 Standard for Discharge of Pollutants
(1)Emission Standard of Air Pollutants
As for the flue gas from the boiler, the standard in Table 1 of the “Emission Standard of
Air Pollutants for Thermal Power Plants” (GB13223-2003) should be implemented; as for the
flue gas from alkali boiler, the Class 2 standard of the “Emission Standard of Air Pollutants
for Industrial Kiln and Furnace” (GB9078-1996) should be implemented; as for the chlorine
gas from ClO2 production system,the Class 2 standard in Table 2 of the “Integrated Emission
Standard of Air Pollutants” (GB16297-1996) should be implemented; as for the fugitive
emission of odor pollutants, the Class 2 standard at boundary for new, improved and
expanded projects in Table 1 of “Emission Standard for Odor Pollutants” (GB14554-93)
should be implemented. See Table 1-7 ~ Table 1-10.
Table 1-7 Standards in Table 1 of the “Emission Standard of Air Pollutants for Thermal
Power Plants”
Pollutant Standard Value (mg/m3)
Flue dust 30
SO2 200
NOx 100
Blackness of flue gas (Ringelman number, class) 1
Table 1-8 Class 2 Standard of the “Emission Standard of Air Pollutants for Industrial
Kiln and Furnace” (GB9078-1996)
Pollutant Maximum Allowable Emission
Concentration (mg/m3)
Flue dust 200
Table 1-9 Class 2 Standard of the “Integrated Emission Standard of Air Pollutants”
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Pollutant
Maximum Allowable
Emission
Concentration (mg/m3)
Maximum allowable
emission rate
(kg/h)
Concentration Limit for
Fugitive Emission Monitoring
(mg/m3)
Particulate
matter 120 3.5(15m)
1.0 (highest concentration
outside boundary)
Cl2 65 0.52 0.4
Table 1-10 Class 2 Standard at Boundary for New, Improved and Expanded Projects in
Table 1 of “Emission Standard for Odor Pollutants”
Pollutant Unit Standard Value of Class 2 Standard for
New, Improved and Expanded Projects
Ammonia mg/m3 1.5
Hydrogen sulfide mg/m3 0.06
Odor
concentration Dimensionless 20
(2)Water Pollution Emission Standards
As for the existing production wastewater, the limits for other pulping and papermaking
specified in Table 2 of the “Discharge Standard of Water Pollutants for Pulp and Paper
Industry” (GB3544-2008) should be implemented. The specific values can be seen in Table
1-11.
Table 1-11 “Discharge Standard of Water Pollutants for Pulp and Paper Industry”
(GB3544-2008) Units: mg/L
Type of
Enterpris
e
Pollutant
Name
Unit
Dischar
ge
Volume
Bench
mark
pH COD BOD5 SS
Am
mo
nia
Nitr
oge
n
TP TN
Chr
om
atic
ity
AOX Dioxin
Existing
Enterprise
s
Standard
Value ≤60m
3/t 6-9 150 30 50 10 1.0 15
50
tim
es
15 /
Newly
Establishe
d
Enterprise
s
Standard
Value ≤40m
3/t 6-9 90 20 30 8 0.8 12
50
tim
es
12 30pgTEQ/L
Note: 1. AOX (Absorbable Organic Halide) index and dioxin index apply to the use of chlorine bleaching
process.
2. The pulp yield shall be calculated on the basis of oven dry pulp.
3. The actual quantity of discharged wastewater per unit product of the pulping and papermaking
enterprise should be checked and ratified, and it should be calculated on the basis of the sum of the pulp
yield of the enterprise and the quantity of purchased commercial pulp.
4. AOX (Absorbable Organic Halide) and dioxin standards aim at the sewage drain outlets of
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workshops or production facilities.
According to the requirements of the “Discharge Standard of Water Pollutants for Pulp
and Paper Industry” (GB3544-2008), the wastewater discharge of this project should comply
with the standard for newly established enterprises in the Table 1-11.
(3)Noise Pollution Emission Standards
During the construction period, the noise should comply with the “Emission Standard of
Environment Noise for Boundary of Construction Site” (GB 12523-2011), and during the
operation period, the noise should comply with the Category 2 standard of the “Emission
Standard for Industrial Enterprises Noise at Boundary” (GB12348-2008). The specific values
can be seen in Table 1-12.
Table 1-12 Emission Standard of Environment Noise for Boundary of Construction Site
Day Night
70 55
Table 1-13 Emission Standards for Industrial Enterprises Noise at Boundary
Category Day Night
Category 2 60 50
(4)Solid Waste Standards
As for solid waste storage site, the “Standard for Pollution Control on the Storage and
Disposal Sites for General Industrial Solid Wastes” (GB18599-2001) should be implemented;
as for domestic wastes, the “Standard for Pollution Control on the Landfill Sites of Domestic
Waste (GB16889-2008)” should be implemented.
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2 Environmental Protection Measures
2.1 Pollution Prevention and Control Countermeasure and Measures in Construction
Period
2.1.1 Atmospheric Pollution Prevention and Control Measures in the
Construction Period
In order to reduce atmospheric pollution during the construction period, the construction
site should enhance the management of production and environment, implement the system of
civilization construction, and the following countermeasures for prevention and control are
recommended to minimize the affected areas:
(1)The construction site should have strict rules and regulations: the site should be
closed and fenced during the construction period; the roads under construction should be
hardened, and regular watering should be carried out to prevent floating dust; when there is
strong wind, the construction should be stopped. The spare open spaces in the construction
site should be used for simple greening.
(2)The procedures that generate dust easily should be well controlled: the surface
exposed in earth-rock excavation should be proper watered; and the earth and rock that are
originally removed should be promptly filled or transported to designated places; the original
roads in the plant site should be utilized for transportation, and the dust pollution during
transport should be reduced; transport vehicles and corridors should be timely cleaned and
washed, and the roads should maintain a certain humidity; wheel-washing equipments should
be used before the vehicles leave the construction site; transport vehicles should be driven at
low speed and at a speed limit when entering the construction site, so as to reduce the amount
of floating dust; the vehicles that transport sandy gravel materials, cement, muck and so on
should be covered by tarps for the reason to reduce floating dust; bulk cement containers should
be closed for protection.
(3)Reducing floating dust in the use and storage of materials: the construction materials
should be loaded and unloaded carefully; commercial concrete should be adopted, so as to
reduce dust pollution; commercial bagged cement should be adopted where possible, bulk
cement should be kept in sealed storage, the pneumatic discharge should be adopted, the
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concrete mixed on site should be avoided; when loading and transporting earth and rock, the
earth and rock in truck bed should be lower than the tailgate of the truck; when stacking earth,
rock, sand and other materials temporarily, the surface of these materials should be covered by
canopies or regularly watered, or other measures should be taken; the muck should be cleaned
and shipped as soon as possible; the roads for construction should be timely watered for dust
suppression.
(4)The construction machines that discharge heavy smoke should be equipped with
smoke consuming apparatus, so as to reduce air pollution in the environment.
(5)The transport vehicles and construction machines can generate the most serious
exhaust emission when idling, slowing down and speeding up, and therefore the vehicles and
part of the construction machines in the construction site should be controlled at a smooth
speed, so as to reduce exhaust pollution in traveling.
(6)The energy used by the construction workers for living should be clean energy, such
as electricity, liquefied petroleum gas and so on.
(7)All the vehicles that access the construction site and transport the wastes dismantled
should be required to be intact and be tightly covered with canvas, and the vehicles shall not
be filled to a level which will cause overflow of materials during transportation;
(8)The overloading of transport vehicles should be prohibited, the vehicles should be
driven at low speed and at a speed limit when entering the construction site, so as to reduce
the amount of floating dust, and the transport channels within the construction site should be
cleaned and washed in a timely manner, so as to reduce the floating dust caused by vehicle
traveling;
(9)The protection walls should be built around the construction site, and the vehicles
that assess the site should be driven at a limited speed;
(10)The building institutions and construction institutions should appoint necessary
full-time or part-time environmental protection regulators, who shall take the responsibility to
oversee the implementation of the measures for preventing and controlling atmospheric
pollution during the construction period, thus once troubles occur, proper measures can be
taken in time.
2.1.2 Water Pollution Prevention and Control Measures in Construction Period
In order to mitigate the impact of wastewater during the construction period, the
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following measures are recommended:
(1)In the construction contract, the construction institutions should meet relevant
regulations on environmental protection.
(2)The master plan for temporary drainage system within the construction area should
be prepared before construction; during the construction period, temporary drainage ditches
should be built in the construction site for the discharge of rainwater, and an earth
embankment should also be built to prevent the off-site water that flows into the leveled area,
so as to prevent water standing in the range that affects the stability of side slopes.
(3)The water for flushing and concrete curing should be reused as often as possible;
during the construction period, the rainwater and sewage, muddy wastewater in piling and
water accumulation in the site should be collected and go through precipitation treatment, and
then the supernatant should be discharged and the mud should be carried away by mud
vehicles. As for the construction sites that generate oily wastewater when washing and
repairing vehicles and machines, small grease traps and oil collecting basins should be set up.
The drainage should comply with the Class 1 Discharge Standard of GB8978-96.
(4)In the construction site, simple flush toilets should be built, the fecal sewage should
be collected in a centralized manner and be treated through a tertiary septic tank, in which the
sewage should stay for no less than 12 hours, and then be discharged together with general
domestic sewage after being treated up to the standards. The oily wastewater generated by the
canteen in the construction site should go through grease separation, and after that, it should
be discharged together with general domestic wastewater after being treated up to the
standards.
2.1.3 Noise Pollution Prevention and Control Measures in Construction Period
In order to enable the noise at boundary of the enterprise meet the standards, the
following measures are recommended:
(1)The noise source should be reduced: low-noise equipments should be selected
among various construction equipments, for example, such as high-speed vibrator should be
adopted, impact stake shall be replaced by static pre-stressed pipe pile and jetted cast-in-place
pile when piling (less geological damage), and as for fixed machines, excavators and earth
moving machines, the noises shall be reduced by using exhaust muffler and through the
isolation of vibration components of engines; the quality of equipment installation should be
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improved, and the main devices should adopt the measures for vibration reduction and
prevention; the dynamic machinery equipments should be repaired and maintained regularly,
so as to prevent the equipments to increase the sound pressure level when working due to the
vibration of loose components or damaged mufflers; the equipments should be shut down
after use or when not in use.
(2)The layout of construction site should be arranged rationally: a lot of dynamic
machinery equipments at the same place should be avoided, so as to avoid high local sound
level; noise barrier should be set up around the equipments with high noise level, so as to
mitigate noise effect, and the bounding walls with a specified height should be built around
the plant boundary.
(3)The construction time should be arranged rationally: the equipments with high noise
level should not be used simultaneously. Except the processes that need to be operated
continuously, such as the drilling, borehole cleaning and concrete filling of cast-in-place pile
drivers, the foundation pit excavation in earthwork, cast-in-place concrete basement and
cast-in-place concrete roof, the nighttime construction should be prohibited under other
conditions; any nighttime construction must be reported to the environmental protection
administrations for approval. If any noisy construction must be carried out at night, it is
recommended to set up some temporary noise barriers around the noisy construction
machines, so as to reduce noises.
(4)The man-made noises should be minimized: the machines and equipments should
be operated according to prescribed procedures. The noises made when the formworks and
supports are crashing into each other in loading and unloading process should be minimized;
the items should be handled gently, the construction tools should not be thrown about or
thrown away; transport vehicles should properly limit speed when entering the site, and
whistle should be banned.
(5)The construction institutions should appoint necessary full-time or part-time
environmental protection regulators to oversee the implementation of noise control measures
during the construction process, deal with environmental problems and disputes, as well as
assist local environmental protection departments in law enforcement efforts to protect
environment.
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2.1.4 Solid Waste Pollution Prevention and Control Measures in Construction
Period
In order to reduce the impact of solid wastes generated by the construction on the
surrounding environment, the following measures are recommended:
(1)The construction sequence should be designed in a reasonable manner, the
excavation volume and embankment volume should be balanced where possible, the spoil
should be timely backfilled, so as to reduce the time and scope of its influence on atmosphere,
soil and ecology.
(2)The construction period should be arranged in a reasonable manner, and the
construction wastes should be used as fills where possible; the construction wastes should be
recycled for comprehensive utilization as much as possible during the construction, so as to
reduce the final wastes; the construction wastes should be piled up in special places according
to the requirements of local environmental protection departments and relevant departments,
and the construction wastes, which need to be classified before stacking, should be sent
separately to specified dumps after classification according to relevant provisions. The
construction wastes should be timely cleaned, transported and disposed, and the dumping into
nearby rivers should be strictly prohibited, so as to avoid water body pollution.
( 3)The temporary garbage collection containers should be established in the
construction site and the living quarters for construction workers, the domestic garbage
should be well collected and promptly cleaned during the construction, and then the domestic
garbage should be sent to specified garbage dumps or landfills after centralized stacking, so as
to prevent littering and random dumping.
2.2 Pollution Prevention and Control Countermeasure and Measures in Operation
Period
2.2.1 Water Pollution Prevention and Control Measures in Operation Period
Relying on the existing sewage treatment station, the wastewater treatment of this
technical upgrading project can achieve discharge standards. The wastewater quality after the
completion of the technical upgrading project basically remains consistent with that before the
project, and the waste water volume decreased compared with the former one. Therefore, it is
feasible to rely on the existing rely on the sewage treatment station after the completion of
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technical upgrading project. The technical process of wastewater treatment of the existing
sewage station can be seen in Figure 2-1.
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图 2-1 污水处理系统流程简图
Figure 2-1 Flow Chart of Sewage Treatment System
厌氧处理系统 Anaerobic treatment system
集水井 斜网 初沉池
集水井 斜网 厌氧沉淀池 洗草废水 水解均衡池
N, P
ANAM
ET厌
氧反
应器
美拉美生物沉淀池
CH4送锅炉燃烧 剩余厌氧污泥入污泥混合池
选择池 曝气池 快混池 1 快混池 2 达标排放
复合铝铁
污泥入污泥混合池
厌氧处理系统
制浆废水
办公生活污水 格栅
沉淀污泥入污泥混合池
格栅
沉淀污泥入污泥混合池
在线监测 二沉池
三沉池一
三沉池二
絮凝剂
剩余污泥进入厌氧反应器
均衡池 选择池
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洗草废水 Straw Washing Wastewater
格栅 Screen
集水井 Water Collecting Well
斜网 Inclined Wire
厌氧沉淀池 Anaerobic Sedimentation Tank
水解均衡池 Hydrolysis Homogenization Tank
ANAMET厌氧反应器 ANAMET Anaerobic Reactor
CH4送锅炉燃烧 CH4 into combustion boiler
剩余厌氧污泥入污泥混合池 Residual anaerobic sludge into sludge mixing
tank
美拉美生物沉淀池 LAMELLA Biological Sedimentation Tank
沉淀污泥入污泥混合池 Sediment sludge into sludge mixing tank
选择池 Selecting Tank
沉淀污泥入污泥混合池 Sediment sludge into sludge mixing tank
均衡池 Homogenization Tank
初沉池 First Sedimentation Tank
斜网 Inclined Wire
制浆废水
办公生活污水
Pulping Wastewater
Working and Domestic Wastewater
达标排放 Discharge on Standard
在线监测 Online Monitoring
三沉池一
三沉池二
Tertiary Sedimentation Tank No.1
Tertiary Sedimentation Tank No.2
污泥入污泥混合池 Sludge into sludge mixing tank
絮凝剂 Flocculant
快混池 2 Rapid Mixing Tank No.2
快混池 1 Rapid Mixing Tank No.1
复合铝铁 Composite Aluminum Iron
二沉池 Secondary Sedimentation Tank
曝气池 Aeration Tank
选择池 Selecting Tank
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剩余污泥进入厌氧反应器 Residual sludge into anaerobic reactor
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Aerobic primary settling tank Aerobic
homogenization tank
Exterior of biochemical
aeration tank
Interior of biochemical
aeration tank
Inflow of biochemical
system
Secondary sedimentation tank
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1. Overview of Technical Process and Principle
(1)ANAMET Anaerobic Reactor Treating Techniques
The straw washing wastewater of high concentration flows automatically to sewage
treatment plant through open channels and then into the anaerobic wells. Afterwards, lift
pump lifts the wastewater to elevated oblique sieve where a large amount of fibers are
captured and recycled while 50% SS in original water being removed. This has greatly
reduced the operating load of sedimentation tank.
The wastewater after treatment by anaerobic inclined screening flows by gravity into the
first sedimentation tank. Polymers are put into the water inlets of first anaerobic
sedimentation tank in order to accelerate the flocculation and separation of particulate matter.
Suspended particles and fibers settle to the bottom of the tank and then are removed. The
sludge in first anaerobic sedimentation tank is pumped to the sludge mixing tank.
Water spilled from first anaerobic sedimentation tank flows into the anaerobic hydrolysis
homogenization tank where flow quantity and concentration are homogenized to avoid the
impact on biological systems led by load fluctuation. Meanwhile, the residual activated sludge
generated from aerobic treatment is pumped into anaerobic hydrolysis homogenization tank
for digestion treatment. The retention time in anaerobic hydrolysis homogenization tank is 8
hours (including aerobic returned sludge), and the tank is equipped a head cover to reduce
undesirable odor. Two anaerobic lift pumps are established beside anaerobic hydrolysis
homogenization tank to pump the wastewater to anaerobic jar.
In the ANAMET anaerobic reactor, solid organic matters hydrolyze into dissolved
organic matters under continuous action of extracellular enzymes. Dissolved organic matters
receive the action of acid-producing bacteria and produce organic acid, hydrogen sulfide and
ammonia free. Organic acid produces methane and carbon dioxide under the action of
methanogenic bacteria and removes them from the system so as to achieve the purpose of
removing organic matters.
This system includes a eutrophic aerobic activated sludge which can reduce the volume
of sludge and costs of dewatering and disposal operation through the treatment of anaerobic
digestion. In addition, nitrogen and phosphorus can be precipitated out of the residual aerobic
activated sludge through anaerobic digestion. The precipitated nitrogen and phosphorus can
be used for anaerobic reaction and synthesis of microbial cells in posterior segment of aerobic
treatment process, thus greatly reducing the dosage of nitrogen and phosphorus of this
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biochemical system.
The biogas containing 40-60% of methane is collected through the top pipes from
anaerobic reactor.
The mixed liquor spilled from the ANAMET anaerobic reactor flows into the
flocculation reaction zone of LAMELLA biological sedimentation tank after precipitating the
supersaturated gas by degassing tower. During the mixing process of flocculation mixer, the
supersaturated gas is further precipitated while the flocs of anaerobic sludge grow up. Sinking
sludge goes into the sludge thickening zone where it will be compressed and precipitated to a
certain concentration and then pumped into the anaerobic reactor through sludge return pump.
Residual anaerobic sludge is sent to sludge mixing tank to be mixed with aerobic sludge for
dewatering treatment.
The supersaturated gas precipitated through degassing tower and the gas precipitated
from the flocculation reaction zone of LAMELLA biological sedimentation tank contain
hydrogen sulfide and volatile gas of aromatic group with a foul odor. In order to avoid
secondary pollution, ventilators are applied to pump this gas and then pressurize and transport
it into the aerator at the bottom of the aerobic aeration tank for oxidation and absorption.
The clarified water in LAMELLA biological sedimentation tank flows automatically
through overflow weir and catchment system into selection tank of aerobic aeration system
for aerobic treatment.
(2)Aerobic Treatment Techniques
The techniques of aerobic treatment facilities include coagulating sedimentation and
completely mixed activated sludge with biological selector.
① Pulping Wastewater Pretreatment (Coagulating Sedimentation)
Pulping wastewater flows to the sewage treatment plant by gravity through open channel,
and enters the inlet well through mechanical screens. It is then raised to inclined sieve by
water pumps and drawn to the first sedimentation tank by gravity after inclined screening.
Polymers are added into the water inlets of first sedimentation tank in order to accelerate the
flocculation and separation of particulate matter. The sludge in first sedimentation tank is
pumped to the sludge mixing tank. Water spilled from first sedimentation tank flows into the
hydrolysis homogenization tank where flow quantity and concentration of the wastewater are
homogenized to avoid the impact on biological systems led by load fluctuation. The
wastewater is pumped to the selection tank after homogenization.
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②Biological Treatment System (Completely Mixed Activated Sludge with Biological
Selector)
Biological treatment system applies a selecting tank and activated sludge treating
techniques. The aeration equipment adopts the U.S. MTS jet aeration system to ensure good
mixing and adequate oxygen delivery for the aeration tank.
(3)Tertiary Treatment Techniques
In consideration of the poor biodegradability of wastewater, merely using biological
processing treatment can not meet the standard of COD <90mg/l. Therefore, the chemical
flocculation treatment is needed, and one rapid mixing tank and two chemical sedimentation
tanks are built. Firstly, adding composite aluminum and iron in rapid mixing tank, then
adding polymers in the wastewater overflowed from rapid mixing tank and drawing it into
two parallel chemical sedimentation tanks. Finally, the chemical flocculation and
sedimentation will be completed in sedimentation tank.
(4)Treatment Measures of White Water
At present, enterprises use two sets of ultra-efficient shallow air flotation devices for
white water treatment. Ultra-efficient shallow air flotation device is widely adopted by many
papermaking enterprises both at home and abroad for paper machine white water treatment
because of its high removal rate of SS. The white water after treatment can meet the standards
for production water in pulp preparation and papermaking workshops. It can be reused for
pulp preparation or papermaking section with large quantity of fibers being recycled. The
imported Andritz multi-disk white water recovery equipment is adopted to strengthen the
recycling of white water.
2. Scale of Treatment
The scale of existing sewage treatment station includes: 17,000m3/d of anaerobic
treatment systems, 55,000m3/d of aerobic treatment systems, and 48,000m
3/d of tertiary
treatment systems.
(3)Sludge Disposal
The sludge of this project is sent to the solid waste mixed combustion boilers after
treatment by frame filter press for further incineration treatment.
(4)On-line Monitoring and Control
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2.2.2 Noise Pollution Prevention and Control Measures in Operation Period
High noise equipment of the proposed construction project include powder machine,
blower, air compressor, sewage station blower, pumps, etc., with source strength values
between 80 ~ 95 dB (A).
During the design process, the overall noise control measures should comply with the
following principles:
(1)It is necessary to start with the control of noise sources, the manufactures should be
required to offer the equipments with a noise level not exceeding the design standard values
when ordering the equipments, and the silencers and sound-proof devices should be installed
on some equipment when necessary.
(2)In the design of equipments and pipes, anti-vibration and anti-shock should be
considered, so as to reduce the vibration noise, and the state of flow field in gas transportation
should be considered, so as to reduce the aerodynamic noise.
(3)In the design of plant construction, the main place for work and rest should be kept
away from strong sound sources, and the duty room should be established when necessary, so
as to isolate and protect the staff from noises. The sound insulation of the plant must be
ensured in the plant construction.
(4)The overall arrangement in the plant site should be planned as a whole with a
rational distribution, and the noise-proof spacing should be considered. The green belts should
be extensively established in the plant area, the front area of the plant and the areas inside and
outside the plant boundary walls, so as to further reduce the impact of noises on the
surrounding environment.
The proposed project adopts different control measures according to the types of various
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equipments.
(1)Analysis of Noise Pollution Prevention and Control Measures of Mechanical
Equipments
For the noise produced by pulp washer, hay cutter, air compressor, etc. in the production
workshop when the technical upgrading project is completed, main control measures include:
① controlling noise from the source by choosing low noise equipment that meet the national
noise standard; ② building vibration reduction base for mechanical equipment; ③
installing mechanical equipment inside the workshop with doors and windows processed in
accordance with sound insulation requirements.
(2)Analysis of Blower Noise Pollution Prevention and Control Measures
Noise produced by blower mainly includes: aerodynamic noise radiated in air inlets and
outlets. Generally the main radiation area of the pressure fan is the air inlet, and the main
radiation area of the draught fan is the air outlet; mechanical noise radiated by chassis, motors,
and bearings, etc. Noise produced by blowers is broadband noise, mostly aerodynamic noise.
Main noise reduction measures of blower in the proposed construction project include: ①
building vibration reduction base, installing anti-vibration pads with elastic support or elastic
continuum to reduce the vibration, thus lowering the low-frequency noise caused by blower
vibration; ② installing the blower inside the workshop or the equipment room and reduce
the source strength through building sound insulation; ③ adding sound insulation cover on
the equipments; and ④ adding mufflers.
(3)Analysis of Pump Noise Pollution Prevention and Control Measures
Pump noise is mainly medium frequency mechanical and electromagnetic noise
produced by the pump body and motors. Water pumps used in this project are low noise
equipment. The main control measure is to add vibration reduction base, and install it inside
the workshop if possible
In addition, afforestation is carried out to deaden the noise’s influence on the
surrounding environment. With all the above-mentioned measures, the noise of the plant
meets the Grade III Standard of the “Emission Standard for Industrial Enterprises Noise at
Boundary” (GB12348-2008).
Noise control measures adopted in this technical upgrading project is widely used and
relatively mature, which can effectively reduce the noise. The noise reduction measures are
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effective and feasible.
2.2.3 Solid Waste Pollution Prevention and Control Measures in Operation
Period
The solid wastes generated in this project mainly include boiler ash and slag, white bole,
sludge, wheat bran, pulp residue, sodium sulfate and domestic waste, which all belong to
general solid waste. Boiler ash and slag are temporarily stored in 2,000m2
flyash storage yard,
white bole is temporarily stored in 20,000m3 white bole landfill. Boiler ash and slag and white
bole are sold to Zhumadian Municipal Yulong Tongli Cement Co., Ltd. as raw materials for
cement production. Wet sludge is directly transported to sludge drying station for incineration
treatment along with wheat bran and pulp residue in solid waste incineration boiler. Wheat
bran and pulp residue are temporarily stored in the 600m2 solid waste storage yard located in
the west of solid waste incineration boiler. Sodium sulfate is temporarily stored in the corner
of chlorine dioxide preparation workshop after treatment of bagging for regular sale.
The impermeable treatment in white bole landfill applies artificial impermeable materials
such as plastic films and geotechnical cloths with permeability coefficient of 1×10-11
cm/s,
ensuring no pollution is brought to groundwater. The impermeable layers cover a range of the
inside slope of flood bank and the whole area of bottom of slag yard. There are altogether
three layers of the impermeable layers. The first layer is the impermeable cushion layer with
cushion thickness more than 0.2m using clay as its material. The second layer is the
impermeable liner cushion layer using high density polyethylene as impermeable materials,
which is the key layer of the impermeable treatment. The third layer is the impermeable
cushion protective layer with protective layers more than 0.2m thick above the impermeable
liner cushion layer using clay as its material. Flood banks are built around the landfill not only
to prevent off-site rainwater and flood from flowing into the plant area, but also to keep the
rainwater and the leachate generated from rainwater when it permeates into waste slag from
flowing out of the landfill.
The solid waste discharge of the project can be seen in Table 2-1.
Table 2-1 List of Generation and Discharge of Solid Waste projects
No. Name Source Main Components Nature
Producti
on
t/a
Disposal
Method
1 Boiler
ash
Power
workshop Fly ash, slag
General
solid 78,000
For sale as raw
materials of
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waste cement
production
2 White
bole
Alkali
recovery
workshop
Water content of 50%,
CaCO3, NaOH,
Ca(OH)2
General
solid
waste
7,650
For sale as raw
materials of
cement
production
3 Sludge
Sewage
treatment
station
Water content of 98%,
organic matter, short
fiber, filler
General
solid
waste
20,294
It should be sent
to solid waste
incineration
boiler for
burning.
4 Wheat
bran
Preparation
section
Wheat bran, water
content of about 40%
General
solid
waste
3,740
5 Pulp
residue
Pulping
workshop
Water content of 98%,
organic matter, short
fiber
General
solid
waste
1,360
6 Domestic
garbage
Office and
life /
General
solid
waste
5.1 It should be sent
to landfills.
7 Mirabilite ClO2
production Sodium sulphate
General
solid
waste
3,944 For sale as a
by-product
2.2.4 Atmospheric Pollution Prevention and Control Measures in Operation
Period
As for his project, the waste gas mainly includes the waste gas from solid waste mixed
combustion boiler, the waste gas from alkali recovery furnace, the waste gas from ClO2
production system, etc., and the control measures for various kinds of waste gas are shown in
Table 2-2.
Table 2-2 List of Waste Gas Control Measures
Pollutant Name Treatment Measures Way of Emission
Waste gas from solid waste
mixed combustion boiler
99.95%
Single-stage electric field electrostatic
precipitator + semi-dry flue gas
desulphurization + fibre precipitator
with 85% desulphurization efficiency
and 99.95% dust collection efficiency.
Discharged by a
100m high waste
funnel.
Waste gas from alkali
recovery boiler
Dual-chamber two-stage electric field
electrostatic precipitator with 98% dust
collection efficiency.
Discharged by an
80m high exhaust
funnel.
Waste gas from ClO2
production system
Alkali liquor scrubbers with 90%
adsorption efficiency.
Discharged by a 25m
high exhaust funnel.
(1)Analysis of Boiler Waste Gas Pollution Prevention and Control Measures
Waste gas produced by 2 110t/h solid waste mixed burning boilers in this project is
discharged by a 100m exhaust funnel after being treated by a single-stage electric field
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electrostatic precipitator and semi-dry flue gas desulphurization and a fibre precipitator
respectively.
Single-Stage Electric Field Electrostatic Precipitator
①Working Principle
There are four stages in the dust collection process of electrostatic precipitator:
a. Gas Ionization: high-pressure electric field is formed, with corona discharging to
ionize the air;
b. Stive Dust Charging: collision charging and diffusion charging
c. Stive Dust Collection: according to the principle of “like electric charges repel each
other; unlike ones attract”, the charged stive dust moves to anode and cathode of the
precipitator and eventually adsorb on anode and cathode;
d. Stive Dust Rapping and Falling: striking anode and cathode through rapping device to
make stive dust gathered on anode and cathode fall into the dust hopper in bulk.
Generally speaking, electrostatic precipitator is mainly composed of the cathode
(discharge electrode) and the anode (dust collecting electrode). Under normal circumstances,
the gas is considered insulative. Therefore, the dust particles remain at the original flow
condition along with the airflow while the dust contained gas moving through discharge
system before high-voltage DC power supply is connected. When high-voltage DC power
supply is connected to discharge system, a high-voltage electric field is formed. When the
voltage between two electrodes increases to a certain value, charge density of the discharge
electrode increases, and partly gas breakdown leads to the phenomenon of corona discharge,
thereby destroying the insulation of the gas near the electrodes and ionizing them. In other
words, the corona discharge in cathode rays has ionized the gas near the electrodes into
positive and negative ions. Since the electrostatic complies with the principle of “like electric
charges repel each other; unlike ones attract”, so the ionized positive and negative ions all
move the opposite direction in their electric fields, i.e., positive ions move towards the
negatively charged electrode, while negative ions moving towards positively charged
electrode. If the dust contained gas move through the above-mentioned high-voltage electric
fields at this time, the positive and negative ions in electric fields will collide with and adsorb
on the dust particles as they progress, thus charging the neutral dust particles. This is the
charging process of dust particles. Such charging phenomenon keeps happening until the
charging is saturated. If the uniform electric fields are formed between two electrodes and
discharge together, the positive and negative discharging process on dust particles will be
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conducted at the same time, failing to achieve the dust collecting effect. But if the positive
and negative electrodes are made into different shapes to form non-uniform electric fields
between them, which means increasing the electric field density around negative electrode
(cathode) to form the discharge electrode and reducing the electric field density around
positive electrode (anode) to form the dust collecting electrode, and when the voltage between
two electrodes reaches to a certain value, electric discharge occurs around the negative
electrode instead of positive one. The positive charges generated around negative electrode
are immediately attracted to negative electrode, and the negative charges move towards
positive electrode. The negative charges are adsorbed on dust particles and charge them with
negative electricity during their moving process towards positive electrode. The dust particles
are driven by electric field force towards positive electrode and lose its electrical property.
Rapping device is applied to shake electrode plates and let dust particles fall into the dust
hopper, thus realizing the dust collecting effect. The working principle of electrostatic
precipitator is shown in Figure 2-2, and dust collection process is shown in Figure 2-3.
图 2-2 静电除尘器工作原理示意图
Figure 2-2 Working Principle of Electrostatic Precipitator
金属管集尘极 Metal Tube Dust Collecting Electrode
含负离子区 Negative Ions Contained Zone
放电金属线电晕极 Corona Electrode with Discharging Metal
Wire
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电晕区 Corona Zone
图 2-3 静电除尘器工作过程示意图
Figure 2-3 Working Process of Electrostatic Precipitator
电晕放电(气体电离) Corona Discharge (Ionization of Gas)
粉尘荷电 Stive Dust Charging
收尘 Dust Collection
②Features of Electrostatic Precipitator
◆ Low energy consumption. The fundamental difference between electrostatic
precipitator and other precipitator is that the separation force is directly applied on the ions
instead of airflow, presenting the characteristic of low energy consumption.
◆Low resistance. Once the flue gas gets into electrostatic precipitator, it neither makes
any turns nor collides with other objects but flows at a low speed, realizing low resistance for
the gas.
◆High dust collection efficiency with stable operation. In general, the dust collection
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efficiency of two-stage electrostatic precipitator can be up to 98%, three-stage electrostatic
precipitator 99% and four and five-stage electrostatic precipitator 99.9% and above. The
efficiency can be further improved as long as conditions permit. In addition, the dust
collection efficiency is relatively stable and after operating for a period of time, the efficiency
will not significantly decrease.
◆Large flue gas treatment volume.
◆Wide range of application with capability of treating high temperature flue gas.
Generally the electrostatic precipitator can treat flue gas below 400 ℃ . It possesses
preferable adaptability for smoke dust concentration and particle size disparity, capable of
capturing fine stive dust of 0.1μm size.
◆High automation degree with reliable operation. The electrostatic precipitator uses
microcomputer to achieve comprehensive automation. The fact that it contains fewer
machinery parts has led to small maintenance workload under normal circumstances, realizing
continuous and stable operation in the long run.
Semi-Dry Flue Gas Desulphurization
Semi-dry flue gas desulphurization is a new desulfurization process developed by
German company “LURGI” in late eighties. This technology applies dry slaked lime powder
Ca (OH) 2 as absorbent based on the principles of the circulating fluidized bed. Through
multiple recirculation of the absorbent, the exposure time between absorbent and flue gas has
been prolonged in the desulfurization tower, thus realizing the purpose of effective
desulfurization while greatly improving the utilization of absorbent. Through the chemical
reaction, the acid gas in flue gas such as SO2, SO3, HF and HCl can be effectively removed.
Desulfurization slag, the final product desulfurization, is a free-flowing dry powder mixture
without secondary pollution that could be further recycled. This process is mainly used for
boiler flue gas desulfurization in power station. The flue gas treatment volume of single
desulfurization tower is applicable for boilers of the evaporation volume between 75t/h to
1,025t/h, with 85% to 98% SO2 removal rate. It is currently the best desulfurization method
with highest single tower processing capacity and highest comprehensive benefits among all
the dry and semi-dry desulfurization technologies.
①Working Principle
Ca(OH)2+ SO2= CaSO3 + H2O
Ca(OH)2+ 2HF= CaF2 +2H2O
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Ca(OH)2+ SO3= CaSO4 + H2O
Ca(OH)2+ 2HCl= CaCl2 + 2H2O
CaSO3+ 1/2O2= CaSO4
②Working Process
The flow chart of semi-dry flue gas desulphurization can be seen in Figure 2-4.
Figure 2-4 Flow Chart of Semi-Dry Flue Gas Desulphurization
消石灰 Slaked Lime
循环流化 Circulating Fluidized Bed
布袋除尘 Bag Dust Collection
工艺水 Process Water
锅炉烟气 Boiler Flue Gas
脱硫灰 Desulfurization Ash
干灰 Dry Ash
中间灰仓 Middle Ash Silo
洁净烟气 Clean Flue Gas
③Process Features
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◆ Flue gas and desulfurization absorbent sufficiently react with each other in
desulfurization tower for a long period of exposure time. The recycling rate of
desulfurization absorbent is relatively high.
◆Since there is no moving part or wearing part in desulfurization tower, the entire device
is free from maintenance.
◆The system equipment is free from phenomena of bonding, clogging and corrosion
because both desulfurization absorbent and slag are dry.
◆When the type of coal changes, there is no need to add any additional equipment. Only
increasing the amount of desulfurization absorbent will meet the desulfurization
efficiency.
◆It ensures high removal rate of SO2 while keeping low flue gas dew point after
desulfurization, no anti-corrosion measure is demanded for any equipment and flue.
◆Desulfurization system is adaptable to a wide range of load change of the boiler,
reaching 30% to 110% of the boiler load.
◆Desulfurization system is simple and the entire equipment covers a small range of area.
◆Desulfurization system consumes little energy without wastewater discharge.
◆Desulfurization system owns low costs in investment, operation and maintenance.
Fibre precipitator
Bag dust collecting is an efficient dust collecting technology using dust bag to filter out
the stive dust in flue gas, suitable for low temperature, low moisture content, and
non-corrosive gas treatment, which has advantages such as wide adaptability to gas volume,
stable processing efficiency and high dust collecting efficiency, thus fibre precipitator is
widely used in the industry. By selecting appropriate filter, reasonable filtration velocity and
reliable cleaning method, the dust collection efficiency can be stabilized at 99% and above.
(2)Analysis on Pollution Prevention and Control Measures of Alkali Furnace Waste
Gas
After the completion of technical upgrading project, the prevention and control measures
for alkali furnace waste gas are taken on the basis of the existing projects. Waste gas from the
existing 110t/h alkali furnace is discharged by an 80m funnel after treatment of dual-chamber
two-stage electric field electrostatic precipitator. The dust removal rate of dual-chamber
two-stage electric field electrostatic precipitator can reach above 98%.
(3)Analysis on Pollution Prevention and Control Measures of Chlorine Dioxide
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Preparation System Waste Gas
After the completion of technical upgrading project, the waste gas from the chlorine
dioxide preparation system is discharged by a 25m funnel after treatment of alkali liquor
scrubbers.
Alkali Liquor Scrubber
The working principle of alkali liquor scrubber is to remove impurities in the gas by
solvent reactions. Alkali liquor scrubber is mainly made of PVC, PP and FRP materials,
equipped with reverse packing absorption system, sprinkler system, fog removal device
system inside the scrubber, and water supply tank, for water supply pump system, air inlet and
outlet, fan, air duct, and hood systems at the bottom of the scrubber. This scrubber owns
various features such as low price, simple processing method, applicable for installation in
economic space, treatment of gaseous and liquid pollution sources, durable resistance to
strong acid and alkali, applicable for middle and low air volume, and free from clogging. This
scrubber is suitable to removing dust and acid waste gas such as H2S, CI2, HCl, NOX, SOX
and malodorous gas. It is widely used in waste gas treatment in such industries as electronics,
chemicals, electroplating, steel, nonferrous metals, metal fabrication, pharmaceutical, paper,
sewage treatment plants with over 90% acid waste gas adsorption efficiency.
As for this project, the waste gas from the chlorine dioxide preparation system can meet
the Class 2 standard and fugitive discharge standard of the “Integrated Emission Standard of
Air Pollutants” (GB16297-1996).
(5)Control and Treatment Measures of Fugitive Waste Gas Emission
The fugitive waste gas of this project is mainly the ClO2 and Cl2 discharged from
production workshop. Through strengthening environmental management, improving
maintenance of equipment, pipelines, gas gathering systems, replacing damaged parts in time,
and strengthening greening around the plant area, the impact of fugitive emission on the
surrounding environment can be reduced effectively.
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3 Environmental Management
3.1 Corporate Environmental Management
(1)Institution Building for Environmental Protection Management
The enterprise establishes the Environmental Protection Management Committee, the
enterprise’s general manager serves as the director of the Committee, the principal responsible
persons of various institutions are the member of the Environmental Protection Management
Committee, the CPC Party Secretary is in charge of specific environmental protection work, the
Safety and Environmental Protection Department is responsible for the daily environmental
protection management of the enterprise, specifically including solid waste reduction and
control, waste gas control and treatment, wastewater control and treatment, noise control and
so on. Each institution should appoint a part-time environmental protection responsible person
and a part-time environmental protection staff, the part-time environmental protection responsible
person should be the leader of the institution, and the environmental protection staff should be
responsible for the daily environmental protection management and liaison works within the
department.
(2)Environmental Management System
The enterprise has established a responsibility system for environmental protection,
including the responsibility of general manager, the inspection and supervision of the Safety and
Environmental Protection Department; the implementation of various institutions, as well as
the tour inspection of each section, this system incorporates the environmental protection
equipments and environmental protection stakeholders within the whole enterprise into the
organizational network of environmental protection management, so that every environmental
protection facility has a specific responsible person. The production institution implements the
working system of four panels of workers in three shifts, And as for the production equipments and
environmental production equipments, the combination of central control, on-site tour inspection and daily
spot check should be implemented, so as to find the problems, report timely and ensure the up-to-standard
discharge of pollutants.
The enterprise has developed various environmental management systems, which are on
the way to perfection, proposed the environmental guideline of “law-abiding, energy
conservation and consumption reduction, cleaner production, achieving sustainable
development”, and in accordance with the guideline, developed its corporate environmental
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goals, with the assessment carried out monthly, so as to reward the good and fine the bad. In terms
of pollution control, the enterprise has formulated various procedures relating to
environmental protection, such as the “Procedure of Environmental Factor Identification and
Assessment”, the “Procedure of Wastewater Treatment and Control”, the “Procedure of Boiler
Flue Gas Emission Control”, the “Noise Control Procedure”, the “Waste Control Procedure”,
the “Procedure of Resources and Energy Conservation Control”, the “Chemical Management
Procedure” and the “Emergency Preparedness and Response Procedure”, and all of the
Procedures are in normal operation at present. In addition, the duties of environmental
protection responsible person and environmental protection staff in each institution should be
implemented, the institution should keep appropriate records on various management work as
“proof and evidence”, the integrated routine post inspection should be implemented, and the
assessment results should be incorporated into the performance of mid-level leaders, so as to
make sure a continuous and stable operation of the environmental management system and its
continuous improvement.
3.2 Environmental Management Measures
1. Environmental management measures in construction period
⑴ As for the project construction, the competent authority should be fully responsible
for the environmental protection work during the construction period, and it should
implement the environmental protection plan during the construction period, carry out regular
inspections, as well as accept the supervision and guidance of the Environmental Protection
Department of Henan Province.
⑵ According to the recommendations on environmental protection measures and
countermeasures in the report and requirements of the environmental protection departments,
the construction procedure and site layout should be arranged in a unified manner.
⑶ The environment duty management should be imposed on the construction teams, the
construction should be carried out according to the environmental protection requirements,
and the implementation of environmental protection plans should be inspected and supervised
during the construction process.
2. Environmental management in operation period
The environmental protection work in operation period should be incorporated into the
entire management work, attentions should be paid to environmental protection in every link
驻马店市白云纸业有限公司清洁生产技术改造环境管理计划
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of management work, the environmental protection work should be supervised on a regular
basis, and the supervision and guidance of the Environmental Protection Department of
Henan Province should be accepted.
In summary, the main environmental impacts of this project and corresponding
mitigation measures are shown in Table 3-1.
Table 3-1 Summary of Main Environmental Impacts and Corresponding Mitigation
Measures
Projec
t
Phase
s
Affected Field Possible Impact Proposed Mitigation
Measures
Imple
menti
ng
Party
Supe
rvisi
on
Part
y
Monito
ring
Party
Desig
n
period
Selection of
pulp bleaching
process
Discharge of water
pollutants
Adopt the elemental
chlorine-free bleaching
process
/
Bai
yun
Pap
er C
o.,
Ltd
. /
/ /
Constr
uction
period
Land
utilization and
acquisition
This project does not
involve new land. /
Envir
onm
enta
l P
rote
ctio
n D
epar
tmen
t of
Hen
an P
rovin
ce,
Zhum
adia
n M
unic
ipal
Envir
onm
enta
l
Pro
tect
ion B
ure
au
Envir
onm
enta
l M
onit
ori
ng C
ente
r of
Hen
an P
rovin
ce, Z
hum
adia
n M
unic
ipal
Envir
onm
enta
l
Monit
ori
ng
Sta
tion
General issues
in construction
Floating dust,
vehicle exhaust,
construction
wastewater, noise
from construction
machines and
equipments,
construction spoil
and construction
waste
Rules and regulations on
construction site should be
strict, the noise source
should be reduced, and the
layout of construction site
should be arranged
rationally.
Demolition of
waste
equipment and
facilities
Environmental,
safety and health
risks
It should be carried out by
relevant qualified
institutions, so as to ensure
safe transportation and
disposal of equipments.
Air quality
control
Floating dust,
vehicle exhaust
Well control the links that
are more inclined to
generate floating dust,
reduce the floating dust in
material use and storage.
Water quality
control
General construction
wastewater includes
the effluent from
precipitation wells
in earthwork phase,
the effluent from
concrete curing in
structural phase, as
well as the water for
washing various
vehicles.
The washing water and the
water for concrete curing
should be reused where
possible; the rainwater and
the slurry sewage in piling
and the water accumulated
in the site shall be collected
for sedimentation
treatment, and after that, the
supernatant should be
discharged, and the slurry
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Projec
t
Phase
s
Affected Field Possible Impact Proposed Mitigation
Measures
Imple
menti
ng
Party
Supe
rvisi
on
Part
y
Monito
ring
Party
should be shipped by
special vehicles.
Noise control
The equipment noise
of all kinds of
construction
machines
The construction time
should be arranged in a
reasonable manner, and the
noise source should be
reduced.
Solid waste
management
Construction spoil
and construction
waste
After separate collection
according to the
regulations, they should be
sent to specified dumps.
Public safety
within the
plant, property
owners,
contractors and
construction
party
Unexpected accident
may cause casualties
among construction
workers.
Regulate on-site safety
precautions together with
the construction
institutions, standardize the
safety operation behaviors
of construction personnel,
implement relevant safety
protection equipments,
enhance on-site safety
inspections, establish and
implement the plans for
safety emergency and
accident rescue.
operat
ion
period
Water quality
control
Black liquor in
cooking and
pulping, grey water
in pulping,
wastewater from
papermaking, water
discharged by alkali
recovery system
The black liquor should
enter into the alkali
recovery system for
treatment, the remaining
sewage should enter into
the sewage treatment
station within the plant for
treatment, and
up-to-standard emission
should be achieved.
Air quality
control
Flue dust, SO2 and
NOx from thermal
power plant and
alkali furnace in
chemical workshop
After being treated by
electrostatic precipitator /
fiber precipitator,
up-to-standard emission
should be achieved.
Noise control
Various types of
pumps in production
workshop,
compressors, coal
crushers and
blowers in thermal
power station,
high-pressure gas
venting, etc.
As for this project, the
noise is far from the plant
boundary and belongs to
indoor noise, thus the noise
generated by this project
has no impact on the
acoustic environment 220
meters away.
Solid waste
management
Sludge of the
sewage treatment
It should be sent to power
boiler for incineration and
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Projec
t
Phase
s
Affected Field Possible Impact Proposed Mitigation
Measures
Imple
menti
ng
Party
Supe
rvisi
on
Part
y
Monito
ring
Party
plant and the waste
residue generated in
material preparation.
The improper
handling of
byproduct mirabilite
generated in project
operation can cause
solid waste
pollution.
heat recovery.
Strengthen the management
of byproduct mirabilite
storage, and sell the melted
mirabilite to minimize
stock.
Risk
management
1. The accidental
discharge of
pollutants
2. During the project
operation, methanol,
concentrated sulfuric
acid and hydrogen
peroxide raw
materials, chlorine
dioxide solution
may leak into
surface water or
sewage treatment
system, thus
resulting in surface
water and river
pollution.
1. Apply spare equipment,
strengthen the accident
monitoring, and ensure the
operating performance of
the sewage treatment
station.
2、对甲
2. As for the substances that
may cause water pollution,
such as methanol,
concentrated sulfuric acid,
hydrogen peroxide raw
materials, as well as
chlorine dioxide solution,
the quantity in storage
should be limited, the tour
inspection and management
should be strengthened;
appropriate facilities should
be equipped with to deal
with leakage and
emergencies, and the
maintenance and
management should be
strengthened; develop
emergency plans for
environmental risks,
enhance the staff’s
operating skills on
equipments and technical
processes, and carry out
regular training and
assessment.
Public health,
occupational
health
Due to noise or
other reasons, the
one who works in
the same position for
a long time may
suffer from hearing
loss and other
The labor protection
supplies should be
distributed on time, the staff
should receive occupational
health examination once a
year, the eight-hour
working time should be
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Projec
t
Phase
s
Affected Field Possible Impact Proposed Mitigation
Measures
Imple
menti
ng
Party
Supe
rvisi
on
Part
y
Monito
ring
Party
occupational health
problems.
implemented strictly, job
changes should be
conducted where necessary.
Standardize and improve
the workshops’
environment, and
constantly improve the
plant’s occupational health
management system.
Public safety
within the plant
During the project
operation process,
due to operational
error or other
unexpected
accidents, the
casualties among
construction
personnel may
occur.
Develop and implement
relevant safety precautions,
establish and improve the
safety warning signs, safety
protection equipments,
develop and improve the
operating procedures of
safety facilities and
equipments. Strengthen the
safety training and
processes and equipment
operation training for
employees. Enhance on-site
safety inspections, establish
and implement the plans for
safety emergency and
accident rescue.
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4 Environmental Risk Assessment
4.1 Environmental Risk Identification
4.1.1 Risk Range
The scope of this environmental risk identification includes the risk identification
concerning production facilities and the risk identification concerning the materials involved
in the production process.
(1)As for this project, the scope of risk identification concerning production facilities
mainly refers to the production installations area, the storage and transportation system, the
utility system, the project's environmental protection facilities and auxiliary production
facilities within the entire plant.
(2)According to the main raw materials used in this project, the products and the “three
wastes(waste gas, waste water and waste residues)” generated in the production process, the
risk identification concerning the materials involved in the production process can be
determined.
4.1.2 Risk Materials
According to the Catalogue of Hazardous Chemicals (2002) and relevant materials, the
hazardous chemicals involved in the production of this technical upgrading project are
sulfuric acid, sodium chlorate, methanol, methane, hydrogen peroxide and chlorine dioxide,
and Table 4-1 ~Table 4-6 show their names, physical and chemical properties, toxicity, etc..
Table 4-1 Physical and Chemical Properties and Hazardous Characteristics of Sulfuric
Acid
Nature GB No. 81007
Physical
and
Chemica
l
Properti
es
CAS No. 7664-93-9
Chinese
Name Sulfuric acid
English
Name Sulfuric acid
Chinese
Alias Sulfuric acid
Molecular
Formula H2SO4
Appearance
& Character
Pure sulfuric acid is colorless,
transparent oily liquid, odorless
Molecular
Weight 98.08
Vapor
Pressure 0.13kPa(145.8℃)
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Melting
Point
10.5 ℃ Boiling point:
330.0 ℃ Solubility Water-miscible
Density
Relative density
(water=1) 1.83; relative
density (Air=1) 3.4
Stability Stable
Hazard
Label 20 (corrosive acid)
Main
Purpose
It can be used in the production of
chemical fertilizers, and it also has a
wide range of applications in
chemical, pharmaceutical, plastics,
dyes, oil refining and other
industries.
Hazardo
us
characte
ristics
Hazardous characteristics: it can react vigorously with inflammables (such as benzene) and
organic matters (such as sugar, cellulose, etc.), or even cause a fire. It can react with a
number of active metal powders and liberate hydrogen. In the presence of water, it can
release lots of heat, even create splashing. It is highly corrosive.
Combustion (decomposition) products: sulfur oxide.
Toxicity Acute toxicity: LD5080mg/kg (taken orally by rat); LC50510mg/m
3, 2 hours (inhaled by rat);
320mg/m3, 2 hours (inhaled by mouse)
Health
Hazards
Invasion ways: inhalation, ingestion.
Health hazards: highly corrosive and irritant to human skin, mucous membranes and other
tissues. It can cause conjunctivitis, edema, corneal opacity of eyes, and even result in
blindness; it can cause respiratory irritation, severe cases may suffer from dyspnea and
pulmonary edema; high concentration can cause death due to laryngismus or glottic edema.
After oral administration, burns and even ulceration occur in digestive tract. In severe cases,
there may be gastric perforation, peritonitis, laryngismus, glottic edema, kidney damage,
shock, etc. Chronic effects include dental erosion, chronic bronchitis, emphysema and
pneumonocirrhosis.
Acciden
tal
Release
Measure
s
The people in leakage contaminated areas should evacuate rapidly to safe areas, all
unnecessary personnel should be prohibited to access to the contaminated areas, the
emergency personnel are recommended to wear masks and chemical protecting suits.
Reasonable ventilation is needed, people should not directly contact with any leakage, and let
no inflammables (wood, paper, oil, etc.) contact with the leakage, and the leaking should be
stopped if it is safe to do so. Water mist should be sprayed to slow down the volatilization (or
spread), but the water should not be sprayed directly on the leakage or the leaking point. The
leakage should be mixed with sand, dry lime or soda ash, and then the mixture should be
collected and transported to waste sites for disposal. It can also be rinsed with plenty of
water, and the diluted washing water can flow into the wastewater system. If the leakage is in
large volume, barriers should be utilized for collection, and then the leakage should be
collected, transferred, recycled or discarded after harmless treatment.
Protecti
ve
Measure
s
Respiratory protection: when it is possible to expose to its vapor or smoke, gas masks or
airline helmets must be worn. In cases of emergency rescue or evacuation, it is recommended
to wear self-contained breathing apparatus.
Eye protection: chemical safety protective goggles must be worn.
Protective suit: overalls should be worn (anti-corrosive material).
Hand protection: rubber gloves should be worn.
Other: a shower should be taken after working. The contaminated clothes should be stored
separately and be washed before reuse. Maintain good health habits.
First Aid
Measure
s
Dermal contact: Remove contaminated clothing, and flush immediately with clean water for
at least 15 minutes. Or rinse with 2% sodium bicarbonate solution. Seek medical attention.
Eye exposure: immediately hold eyelids open and flush with clean water or normal saline for
at least 15 minutes. Seek medical attention.
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Inhalation: rapidly remove the person from exposure to a place with fresh air. If breathing is
difficult, administer oxygen. The treatment of spray inhalation of 2-4 % sodium bicarbonate
solution should be applied. Seek medical attention.
Ingestion: If swallow, please drink milk, egg whites, vegetable oil, etc., and do not induce
vomiting. Immediately seek medical attention.
Extinguishing method: sand. Do not use water.
Packagi
ng and
Storage
It should be transported by tank vehicles. It should be stored in storage tanks within the plant,
and the storage volume is about 50t.
Environ
mental
Standard
s
The maximum allowable concentration of harmful substances in the air within workshop is
(2mg/m3)
The maximum allowable concentration of harmful substances in the atmosphere within
residential areas (one-time value: 0.30mg/ m3, daily average value 0.10mg/m
3)
Table 4-2 Physical and Chemical Properties and Hazardous Characteristics of Sodium
Chlorate
Nature GB No. 51030
Physical
and
Chemica
l
Properti
es
CAS No. 7775-09-9
Chinese
Name sodium chlorate
English
Name sodium chlorate
Chinese
Alias sodium chlorate
Molecular
Formula NaClO3 Appearance
& Character
Colorless, odorless crystal, It is
salty and cold, and it has
deliquescence.
Molecular
Weight 106.45 Vapor
Pressure Decomposition
Melting
Point 248~261℃ Solubility It dissolves easily in water, and it is
slightly soluble in ethanol
Density Relative density
(water=1) 2.49 Stability Stable
Hazard
Label 11 (oxidizer)
Main
Purpose
It can be used as an oxidizing agent,
and it can be used to make chlorate,
herbicides, pharmaceuticals, etc.,
and it can also be used in
metallurgical ore processing
Hazardo
us
characte
ristics
Hazardous characteristics: it is a strong oxidizing agent. An explosion can occur when it
exposes to intense heat or contacts with strong acids. An explosive mixture can form when it
mixes with reducing agents, organic compounds and inflammables, such as sulfur,
phosphorus or metal powder. An explosion can occur when it is heated dramatically.
Combustion (decomposition) products: oxygen, chloride, sodium oxide.
Toxicity Acute toxicity: LD501200mg/kg (taken orally by rat)
Health
Hazards
Invasion ways: inhalation, ingestion, percutaneous absorption.
Health hazards: its dust can irritate the respiratory tract, eyes and skin. It has acute oral
toxicity, which is manifested as methemoglobinemia, gastroenteritis, liver and kidney
damage and even suffocation.
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Acciden
tal
Release
Measure
s
The areas contaminated by leakage should be isolated, and access should be restricted. The
emergency personnel are recommended to wear self-contained breathing apparatus and
general protective suits. Do not contact directly with leakage, do not let the leakage contact
with organic matters, reducing agents and inflammables. A small amount of leakage: avoid
floating dust, and collect the leakage in a dry, clean, covered container with a clean shovel. A
large amount of leakage: the leakage should be collected and recycled or transported to waste
disposal sites for disposal.
Protecti
ve
Measure
s
Respiratory protection: when it is possible to touch its dust, it is recommended to wear
non-powered air-purifying respirators.
Eye protection: wear chemical safety protective goggles.
Physical protection: wear polyethylene protective clothing.
Hand Protection: wear rubber gloves.
Other: smoking, eating and drinking are banned in work site. Take a shower and change
clothes after wording. Maintain good health habits.
First Aid
Measure
s
Eye exposure: hold eyelids open and flush with clean water or normal saline for at least 15
minutes. Seek medical attention.
Inhalation: rapidly remove the person from exposure to a place with fresh air. Keep
respiratory tract unblock. If breathing is difficult, administer oxygen. If the victim is not
breathing, administer artificial respiration. Obtain medical attention.
Ingestion: drink plenty of warm water, induce vomiting, and seek medical attention.
Extinguishing method: fight the fire with plenty of water, and smother the fire with powder
extinguishing agent at the same time.
Packagi
ng and
Storage
Plastic woven bag lined with plastic sheets, 50kg/bag. The motor carriers should be adopted
for transportation. The warehouse should be established within the plant area, with a storage
capacity of 25t.
Environ
mental
Standard
s
Former Soviet Union - The maximum allowable concentration of harmful substances in the
air within workshop is 5mg/m3
Former Soviet Union (1975) - The maximum allowable concentration of harmful substances
in water body is 20mg/L
Table 4-3 Physical and Chemical Properties and Hazardous Characteristics of Methanol
Nature GB No. 32058
Physical
and
Chemica
l
Propertie
s
CAS No. 67-56-1
Chinese
Name methyl alcohol
English
Name methyl alcohol;Methanol
Chinese
Alias methyl alcohol
Molecular
Formula CH4O;CH3OH Appearance
& Character
Colorless, clear liquid with a
pungent odor
Molecular
Weight 32.04 Vapor
Pressure 13.33kPa/21.2℃ Flash point: 11℃
Melting
Point
-97.8℃ Boiling point:
64.8℃ Solubility
It is soluble in water, and it is
miscible with alcohol, ether and
most organic solvents
Density
Relative density
(water=1) 0.79; relative
density (air=1) 1.11
Stability Stable
驻马店市白云纸业有限公司清洁生产技术改造环境管理计划
47
Hazard
Label 7 (flammable liquid)
Main
Purpose
It can be used to produce
formaldehyde, fragrances, dyes,
pharmaceuticals, gunpowder,
antifreeze, etc.
Hazardo
us
character
istics
It is flammable, its vapor can form explosive mixtures when mixing with air. In case of fire
and intense heat, a combustion explosion can occur. A chemical reaction or combustion can
occur when it contacts with oxidants. In a fire scene, the heated containers have a risk of
explosion. Its vapor is heavier than air, so it can spread lower down to a considerable
distance, and a backdraft phenomenon will occur when it meets an open fire.
Combustion (decomposition) products: carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide.
Toxicity
Toxicity: middle toxicity.
Acute toxicity: LD505,628mg/kg (taken orally by rat); 15,800mg/kg (rabbit percutaneous);
LC5082,776mg/kg, 4 hours (inhaled by rat); in case of 5~10ml taken orally by human, the
incubation period is 8~36 hours, and resulting in coma; in case of 15ml taken orally by
human, retinitis and blindness can occur within 48 hours; in case of 30~100ml taken orally
by human, it can cause serious damage to the central nervous system, respiratory failure and
death.
Subacute and chronic toxicity: 50mg/m3 inhaled by rat, 12 hours/day, 3 months, the damage
of trachea and bronchial mucosa, and the nutritional disorder of cerebral cortical cells occur
within 8~10 weeks.
Mutagenicity: microbial mutagenicity: Beer yeast 12pph. DNA Inhibition: Human
lymphocytes 300mmol/L.
Reproductive toxicity: Minimum toxic concentration of rat taken orally (TDL0): 7,500mg/kg
(pregnant time is 7~19 days), it has an impact on the behavior of newborn rats. Minimum
toxic concentration of rat taken through inhalation (TDL0): 20,000ppm (7 hours), (pregnant
time is 1~22 days), it can result in the abnormalities of musculoskeletal system,
cardiovascular system and urinary system.
Health
Hazards
Invasion ways: inhalation, ingestion, percutaneous absorption.
Health hazards: it has an anesthetic effect on the central nervous system; it has a special
selecting toxicity for optic nerve and retina and can causing lesions; it can cause metabolic
acidosis.
Acute toxicity: short-term over-inhalation can gently irritate eyes and upper respiratory tract
(oral administration can cause gastrointestinal irritation); after the incubation period,
headache, dizziness, fatigue, vertigo, feeling of drunkenness, dim consciousness, delirium,
and even coma can occur. Optic nerve and retinal lesions can occur, blurred vision and
diplopia may occur; in severe cases, blindness may occur. When metabolic acidosis occurs,
carbon dioxide combining power may loss, and breathing may speed up.
Chronic effects: neurasthenia syndrome, autonomic nervous dysfunction, mucous membrane
irritation, vision loss, etc. Degreasing of skin and dermatitis may occur.
Accident
al
Release
Measure
s
The people in the areas contaminated by leakage should evacuate rapidly to a safe area and
be isolated, and access should be restricted. Eliminate sources of ignition. The emergency
personnel are recommended to wear positive-pressure breathing apparatus and antitoxic
suits. Do not directly touch the leakage. If possible, cut off the source of leakage, and
prevent the leakage spread into the sewers, flood ditches and other restrictive spaces. A
small amount of leakage: it can be adsorbed with sand or other non-combustible materials. It
can also be rinsed with plenty of water, and the diluted washing water can flow into the
驻马店市白云纸业有限公司清洁生产技术改造环境管理计划
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wastewater system. A large amount of leakage: build barriers or dig pit for collection; it
should be covered with foam, so as to reduce vapor disasters. It should be transferred to
tankers or special collectors by using an explosion-proof pump. It should be recycled or
transferred to waste disposal sites for disposal.
Protectiv
e
Measure
s
Respiratory protection: when it is possible to expose to its vapor, filter-type gas masks
(half-mask) should be worn. In cases of emergency rescue or evacuation, it is recommended
to wear air breathing apparatus.
Eye protection: wear chemical safety protective goggles.
Physical protection: wear anti-static suit.
Hand Protection: wear rubber gloves.
Other: smoking, eating and drinking are banned in work site. Take a shower and change
clothes after wording. Periodic medical examinations and pre-employment medical
examinations should be implemented.
First Aid
Measure
s
Dermal exposure: remove contaminated clothing. Wash contaminated skin with soap and
water
Eye exposure: hold eyelids open and flush with clean water or normal saline. Seek medical
attention.
Inhalation: rapidly remove the person from exposure to a place with fresh air. Keep
respiratory tract unblock. If breathing is difficult, administer oxygen. If the victim is not
breathing, administer artificial respiration. Obtain medical attention.
Ingestion: drink plenty of water and induce vomiting, Gastric lavage with clean water or 1%
sodium thiosulfate solution should be performed. Seek medical attention. Extinguishing
method: if possible, move containers from the scene to open spaces. Spray water to cool the
containers in the fire scene until the completion of fire-fighting. If the containers at the scene
change color or the pressure relieving devices produce sound, the personnel must be
evacuated immediately. Extinguishing agents: alcohol-resistant foam, dry powder, carbon
dioxide and sand.
Packagin
g and
Storage
The tankers should be adopted for transportation. The iron storage tanks should be
established within the plant, with a storage capacity of 10t.
Environ
mental
Standard
s
The maximum allowable concentration of harmful substances in the air within workshop is
(50mg/m3)
The maximum allowable concentration of harmful substances in the atmosphere within
residential areas (one-time value: 3.00mg/m3, daily average value: 1.00mg/m
3)
Table 4-4 Physical and Chemical Properties and Hazardous Characteristics of Methane
Nature GB No. 21007
Physical
and
Chemica
l
Properti
es
CAS No. 74-82-8
Chinese
Name Methane
English
Name methane;Marsh gas
Chinese
Alias Biogas
Molecular
Formula CH4 Appearance
& Character Gas without color or smell
Molecular
Weight 16.04 Vapor
Pressure
53.32kPa/-168.8 ℃ Flash point:
-188℃
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49
Melting
Point
-182.5 ℃ Boiling
point: -161.5℃ Solubility
It is slightly soluble in water, it is
soluble in alcohol and ether.
Density
Relative density
(water=1) 0.42
(-164 ℃ ); relative
density (air=1) 0.55
Stability Stable
Hazard
Label 4 (flammable liquid)
Main
Purpose
It can be used as a fuel and used in
the manufacturing of carbon black,
hydrogen, acetylene, formaldehyde,
etc..
Hazardo
us
characte
ristics
Hazardous characteristics: it is flammable, and when being mixed with air, it can form an
explosive mixture, which has the danger of combustion and explosion in case of heat source
and open flames. It can react violently with bromine pentabromide, chlorine, hypochlorous
acid, nitrogen trifluoride, liquid oxygen, oxygen difluoride and other strong oxidizing agents.
Combustion (decomposition) products: carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide.
Toxicity
Toxicity: it belongs to low-toxicity category. The gas is allowed to diffuse into the
atmosphere or be used as fuel in a safe manner. It has a simple asphyxiant effect, thus
methane at high concentrations can lead to poisoning due to hypoxia and asphyxiation due to
asphyxia. 25 ~30% methane in the air can result in dizziness, increased respiratory rate, as
well as movement disorders.
Acute toxicity: the methane inhaled by mice at concentration of 42%x 60minutes shows an
anesthetic effect; the methane inhaled by rabbits at concentration of 42%x 60minutes shows
an anesthetic effect.
Health
Hazards
Pathways: inhalation.
Health hazard: methane is basically non-toxic to humans, but when its concentration is too
high, the oxygen content in the air can be significantly reduced, and thus asphyxiating
humans. When there is 25%-30% methane in the air, it can cause headache, dizziness,
fatigue, inattention, rapid breathing and heartbeat, as well as ataxia. If not timely escape, it
can cause death by suffocation. When the skin that contacts with liquefied methane can
occur frostbite.
Acciden
tal
Release
Measure
s
contaminated areas should evacuate rapidly to a safe area and be isolated, and access should
be restricted. Eliminate sources of ignition. The emergency personnel are recommended to
wear positive-pressure breathing apparatus and protective clothing for firefighters. If
possible, cut off the source of leakage. The diffusion should be accelerated through
reasonable ventilation. Spray water for dilution and dissolution. Build barriers or dig pit to
collect a lot of wastewater generated. If possible, the leaked gas should be sent to open areas
by using an exhaust fan or be burned by installing an appropriate nozzle. The leaking
containers can also be moved to open areas, and attentions should be paid to ventilation. The
leaking containers should be properly handled, repaired and inspected before reuse.
Protecti
ve
Measure
s
Respiratory protection: special protection is usually not needed, but it is suggested that in a
particular case, self-suction filter-type gas masks (half-mask) should be worn.
Eye protection: special protection is usually not needed, wear safety protective goggles in
high-concentration exposure.
Physical protection: wear anti-static suit.
驻马店市白云纸业有限公司清洁生产技术改造环境管理计划
50
Hand protection: wear general protective gloves.
Other: smoking is banned in work site. Avoid repeatedly contact over a long period of time.
When entering tanks, confined spaces or other areas with high concentration, the workers
must be supervised.
First Aid
Measure
s
Dermal exposure: if there is any frostbite, seek medical attention.
Inhalation: rapidly remove the person from exposure to a place with fresh air. Keep
respiratory tract unblock. If breathing is difficult, administer oxygen. If the victim is not
breathing, administer artificial respiration. Obtain medical attention.
Extinguishing method: cut off the gas source. If the gas source can not be cut off
immediately, it is not allowed to extinguish the burning gas. Spray water to cool the
containers, and move the containers from the scene to open spaces where possible.
Extinguishing agents: water spray, foam, carbon dioxide and dry powder.
Packagi
ng and
Storage
The methane generated in the project’s sewage treatment process should be collected into the
gas tank, with a maximum storage capacity of 140m3
Environ
mental
Standard
s
Former Soviet Union - The maximum allowable concentration of harmful substances in the
air within workshop is 300mg/m3
U.S. - Workshop health standards - asphyxiating gas
Table 4-5 Physical and Chemical Properties and Hazardous Characteristics of Hydrogen
Peroxide
Nature GB No. 51001
Physical
and
Chemica
l
Properti
es
CAS No. 7722-84-1
Chinese
Name hydrogen peroxide
English
Name hydrogen peroxide
Chinese
Alias hydrogen peroxide
Molecular
Formula H2O2 Appearance
& Character
Colorless liquid with a faint
particular smell
Molecular
Weight 43.01 Vapor
Pressure 0.13kPa(15.3℃)
Melting
Point
-2℃/water-free Boiling
point: 158℃/water-free Solubility
It is soluble in water, alcohols and
ethers, and it is insoluble in
benzene, petroleum ether.
Density
Relative density
(water=1) 1.46
(water-free)
Stability Stable
Hazard
Label
11 (oxidizer), 20
(corrosive)
Main
Purpose
It can be used in bleaching,
pharmaceuticals, and it can also be
used as an analytical reagent.
Hazardo
us
characte
ristics
Hazardous characteristics: it is an explosive strong oxidant. Hydrogen peroxide itself is
non-combustible, but it can react with combustibles and emit a lot of heat and gas, and thus
resulting fire and explosion. Hydrogen peroxide is most stable at pH 3.5~4.5, it decomposes
easily in alkaline solution, and it can decompose in the case of strong light, particularly short
wavelength. When it is heated to above 100℃, it begins to decompose rapidly. It can form
explosive mixtures together with a lot of organic matters, such as sugar, starch, alcohols,
驻马店市白云纸业有限公司清洁生产技术改造环境管理计划
51
petroleum products, and the mixtures can explode in case of impact, heat or spark. When
hydrogen peroxide contacts with many inorganic compounds or impurities, it can
decomposes rapidly and cause an explosion, thus releasing a lot of heat, oxygen and water
vapor. Most heavy metals (such as tin, copper, silver, lead, mercury, zinc, cobalt, nickel,
chromium, manganese, etc.) and their oxides and salts are active catalysts, and its
decomposition can also be accelerated by dust, cigarette ash, carbon powder and rust. In case
of hydrogen peroxide with a concentration of more than 74%, vapor explosion can occur in a
closed container when there is a suitable ignition source or temperature.
Combustion (decomposition) products: oxygen, water.
Toxicity
Acute toxicity: LD504060mg/kg (rat skin); LC502000mg/m3, 4 hours (inhaled by rat)
Mutagenicity: microbial mutagenicity: Salmonella typhimurium 10μL/dish; escherichia coli
5ppm. Sister chromatid exchange: hamster lung 353μmol/L.
Carcinogenicity: IARC carcinogens comment: animal suspiciously positive.
Health
Hazards
Pathways: inhalation, ingestion.
Health hazard: in case of the inhalation of its vapor or mist, it can strongly irritate the
respiratory tract. Direct eye exposure with the liquid can cause irreversible damage, even
blindness. Taken orally, the victim will show abdominal pain, chest pain, difficulty in
breathing, vomiting, temporary movement disorder and sensory dysfunction, fever and so on.
In a few cases, visual impairment, epileptic convulsions and paresis may occur.
Acciden
tal
Release
Measure
s
The people in the areas contaminated by leakage should evacuate rapidly to a safe area and
be isolated, and access should be restricted. The emergency personnel are recommended to
wear positive-pressure breathing apparatus and anti-acid & alkali suits. If possible, cut off the
source of leakage, and prevent the leakage spread into the sewers, flood ditches and other
restrictive space. A small amount of leakage: it can be adsorbed with sand, vermiculite or
other inert materials. It can also be rinsed with plenty of water, and the diluted washing water
can flow into the wastewater system. A large amount of leakage: build barriers or dig pit for
collection; the vapor should be cooled and diluted by spraying a mist of water, so as to
protect on-site personnel and dilute the leakage into a non-combustible material. It should be
transferred to tankers or special collectors by using a pump. It should be recycled or
transferred to waste disposal sites for treatment.
Waste disposal method: the waste liquor can decompose and release oxygen after dilution,
the waste liquor can flow into the sewer after a full decomposition.
Protecti
ve
Measure
s
Respiratory protection: when it is possible to expose to its vapor, self-supported filter type
protective mask (full-face) should be worn.
Eye protection: it has been done in respiratory protection.
Physical protection: wear polyethylene protective suits.
Hand Protection: wear chloroprene rubber gloves.
Other: smoking is banned in work site. Take a shower and change clothes after wording. Pay
attention to personal hygiene.
First Aid
Measure
s
Dermal exposure: Remove contaminated clothing, wash contaminated skin with plenty of
clean water.
Eye exposure: immediately hold eyelids open and flush with clean water or normal saline for
at least 15 minutes. Seek medical attention.
Inhalation: rapidly remove the person from exposure to a place with fresh air. Keep
respiratory tract unblock. If breathing is difficult, administer oxygen. If the victim is not
驻马店市白云纸业有限公司清洁生产技术改造环境管理计划
52
breathing, administer artificial respiration. Obtain medical attention.
Ingestion: drink plenty of water, induce vomiting, and obtain medical attention.
Extinguishing method: the fire fighters must wear protective whole body suits. If possible,
move containers from the scene to open spaces. Spray water to cool the containers in the fire
scene until the completion of fire-fighting. If the containers at the scene change color or the
pressure relieving devices produce sound, the personnel must be evacuated immediately.
Extinguishing agents: water, fog water, dry powder, and sand.
Packagi
ng and
Storage
The tankers should be adopted for transportation. The storage tanks should be established
within the plant, with a storage capacity of 50 m3
Environ
mental
Standard
s
Former Soviet Union (1975) - The maximum allowable concentration in working
environment is 1.4mg/m3
Table 4-6 Physical and Chemical Properties and Hazardous Characteristics of Chlorine
Oxide
Nature GB No. ----
Physical
and
Chemica
l
Properti
es
CAS No. 10049-04-4
Chinese
Name Chlorine dioxide
English
Name Cholrine dioxode;Chlorine oxide
Chinese
Alias
Molecular
Formula ClO2 Appearance
& Character
It is yellowish red gas with a pungent
smell, it may travel a considerable
distance along the ground, and it is
usually diluted into solution with a
concentration of less than 10% for
use and storage.
Molecule
weight 67.45
Vapor
Pressure 9.9 ℃/97.2kPa (explosion)
Melting
Point -59℃ Solubility Water-insoluble
Density
Relative density
(water=1)3.09(11℃ );
relative density
(air=1) 2.3
Stability Unstable
Hazard
Label Main
Purpose
Used as bleaching agents, deodorants,
oxidants, etc.
Hazardo
us
characte
ristics
Hazardous characteristics: it is a powerful oxidizing agent. It can have an explosive reaction
with many chemicals. It is very sensitive to heat, vibration, shock and friction, and it
decomposes and explodes easily.
Combustion (decomposition) products: hydrogen chloride.
Toxicity No Record
Health
Hazards
Pathways: inhalation, ingestion.
Health hazards: it is a strong irritant agent. It mainly irritates eyes and respiratory tract after
exposure. Inhalation of high concentration can cause pulmonary edema. It can be fatal. Its
gas with a certain concentration that results in serious damage to the respiratory tract may
irritate the skin. Highly concentrated solutions of this product may cause intense irritation
and corrosion after dermal exposure or ingestion. Long-term exposure can lead to chronic
驻马店市白云纸业有限公司清洁生产技术改造环境管理计划
53
bronchitis.
Acciden
tal
Release
Measure
s
The people in the areas contaminated by leakage should evacuate rapidly to a place on the
windward side, the evacuated people should be isolated until the gas is dissipated. The
emergency personnel should wear positive-pressure self-supported respirators and chemical
protective suits. Eliminate sources of ignition. Do not let the leakage expose to combustible
materials (wood, paper, oil, etc.), cut off the gas supply, spray a mist of water to dilute,
exhaust gas (indoor) or force to ventilate (outdoor). The leaking containers can not be reused,
and the remaining gas in the containers should be removed through technological treatment.
Protecti
ve
Measure
s
Respiratory protection: when there is a higher concentration in the air, anti-gas masks should
be worn. In cases of emergency rescue or evacuation, it is recommended to wear
positive-pressure breathing apparatus.
Eye protection: wear chemical safety protective goggles.
Physical protection: wear anti-corrosion suits.
Hand protection: when it is possible to expose to toxic substances, wear chemical resistant
gloves.
Other: smoking is banned in work site. Take a shower and change clothes after wording.
Maintain good health habits.
First Aid
Measure
s
Dermal exposure: Remove contaminated clothing, immediately rinse thoroughly with plenty
of clean water for at least 15 minutes. Seek medical attention.
Eye exposure: immediately hold eyelids open and flush with clean water or normal saline for
at least 15 minutes. Seek medical attention.
Inhalation: rapidly remove the person from exposure to a place with fresh air. Keep
respiratory tract unblock. If breathing is difficult, administer oxygen. If the victim is not
breathing, immediately administer artificial respiration. Obtain medical attention.
Ingestion: the victims should rinse their mouths, and drink milk or egg whites. Seek medical
attention.
Extinguishing method: cut off the gas supply. Spray water to cool the containers; if possible,
move the containers from the scene to open spaces.
Packagi
ng and
Storage
The chlorine dioxide produced and used by this project is absorbed by water, and after that, it
is stored temporarily in storage tanks with a storage capacity of 10 m3
Environ
mental
Standard
s
U.S. - Workshop health standards 0.3 mg/m3
Former Soviet Union (1975) - The maximum allowable concentration of harmful organisms
in water body is 0.4mg/L
The sulfuric acid, sodium chlorate, methanol and hydrogen peroxide used by the project
and the methane and chlorine dioxide generated in the production process are toxic,
flammable and strong oxidizing substances, and the surrounding environment and people may
be adversely affected during the accident process; therefore, with a comprehensive
consideration of the hazardous nature and storage of the substances involved in this project,
methanol is identified as the assessment factor of material leaking in this project, and the
驻马店市白云纸业有限公司清洁生产技术改造环境管理计划
54
project’s risk types mainly include fire, explosion and poisoning. The analysis of risk factors
is detailed in Table 4-7, and the risk analysis of major functional units of production is shown
in Table 4-8.
Table 4-7 Analysis of Project’s Risk Factors
Type of Risk
Source Specific Risk Link Possible Reasons
Hazardous
chemical
leakage
leakage of chlorine dioxide,
methanol, sulfuric acid,
sodium hydroxide,
hydrogen peroxide and
other hazardous chemicals
Rupture of storage tanks, leaking pipes and possible
transportation accidents
Accidental
release of
pollutants
Sewage treatment system Failures may occur in the sewage treatment system, the
treatment efficiency may be reduced.
Flue gas treatment system Failures may occur in the flue gas treatment equipments,
the treatment efficiency may be reduced.
Alkali recovery System Liquor may overflow from the tanks, the pipes and
valves may break.
Fire and
explosion
Raw material stock yard Fire due to mismanagement
Chemical storage Explosive substances, such as chlorine dioxide, sodium
chlorate, methanol, etc., may cause explosions.
Chlorine dioxide
preparation workshop
Explosive substances, such as chlorine dioxide, sodium
chlorate, methanol, etc., may cause explosions.
Alkali recovery furnace Explosions may be caused by mechanical failures and
improper equipment maintenance.
(Heavy oil depot) Rupture of storage tanks may result in leakage and cause
fire.
(Finished product
warehouse) Fire due to mismanagement
Table 4-8 Risk Analysis of Project’s Main Functional Units in Production
Dangerous Unit in
Production Hazard Identification Risk Analysis
Sewage treatment
station- production
unit
Accidental discharge of
sewage
The sewage treatment system may have a
failure, and the accidental discharge of sewage
may have an impact on the receiving water
body. Strengthen the maintenance and
management, and it is recommended to equip an
accident pool, which can reduce the risk to a
minimum.
Thermal power
station - production
unit
Accidental emissions of
waste gas
The desulphurization and dust removal systems
may have a failure, which may have an impact
on the surrounding air quality. Promptly reduce
boiler load, start burners and take other
measures, which can reduce the consequences of
accidents to a minimum.
Alkali recovery
workshop - unit
Accidental leakage of black
liquor and explosion accident
of recovery furnace
The leakage of black liquor will have a great
impact on the sewage treatment system, and it
may result in the collapse of the sewage
treatment system. Strengthen the management,
establish a black liquor tank, which can
effectively avoid the direct discharge of black
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liquor into the water body. An explosion of
recovery boiler will not pollute the environment,
but it may cause casualties.
Chlorine dioxide
preparation
workshop - unit
Leakage of chlorine dioxide,
methanol and other toxic
gases; chlorine dioxide,
sodium chlorate, methanol
and other substances may
explode.
Once an accident occurs, it will cause
environmental pollution and casualties. In daily
production, it is necessary to strengthen the
equipment maintenance and establish
appropriate emergency plans, so as to reduce the
risk of accidents to a minimum.
Chemical storage
An explosion may be caused
by chlorine dioxide, sodium
chlorate, methanol, etc.
Once an accident occurs, it will cause
environmental pollution and casualties. In daily
production, it is necessary to strengthen the
equipment maintenance and establish
appropriate emergency plans, so as to reduce the
risk of accidents to a minimum.
Raw material stock
yard Fire
The impact of fire can be basically controlled
within the plant, and the fire hazards should be
reduced to a minimum on the basis of
strengthening management and guarantee fire
fighting equipments.
(Finished product
warehouse) * Fire
(Heavy oil depot)
* Fire A fire accident may occur.
4.1.3 Risk Type
As for this project, the processes that have the risk of accidents include the transportation,
storage, production and use of hazardous chemicals, the risk types can be identified as
follows:
(1) Handling and transportation processes
As for this project, the sulfuric acid, sodium chlorate, methanol and hydrogen peroxide
used in the production are mainly transported by land, and special vehicles are responsible for
the transportation of these raw materials. In the process of handling and transportation, the
risk factors mainly include:
① Traffic accidents may happen to the carrier vehicles (such as crashes, rollovers, etc.),
and the accidents may result in the leakage of raw materials, which can lead to the poisoning
of the driver and the people around, pollute the water body around, and cause serious
environmental damage and casualties.
② When loading and unloading, the leakage of materials may occur as a result of the
mistakes made by the operators, so that the concentration of toxic and hazardous substances
may exceed the threshold limit value and lead to the poisoning of the staff around.
(2) Storage and production processes
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The dangerous materials used in the production of this project, such as sulfuric acid,
methanol and hydrogen peroxide, are mainly stored in iron tanks. The risk factors existing in
the storage and production processes include:
① Liquid methanol is highly volatile, and it will not catch fire or explode in a short time,
but due to the high solubility of methanol vapor in water and body fluids, it can
rapidly distributed in human body and result in damage after absorption, and the
visual impairment can develop rapidly into blindness. In severe cases, bradycardia,
spasm, shock and other symptoms may occur.
② Methanol can catch fire quickly, and the fire is featured with high temperature and
roaring flame, which can not be extinguished easily, so once it catches fire, it is likely
to cause burns to people and burn down plants and equipments.
③ If a large amount of methanol leakage cannot be controlled timely, the methanol
vapor can form an explosive mixture with air, and when the explosion limit is reached, a big
explosion can occur in the presence of open fire, electrostatic spark or collision spark.
4.2 Environmental Risk Prevention and Emergency Measures
As for production safety, China has consistently adhered to the principle of “prevention
is the main concern and security is the first concern”, so the key emphasis in work shall be put
on prevention. The implementation of effective risk prevention will reduce the probability of
accidents, minimize the possible damages caused by accidents, and mitigate the impact of
sudden accidents on the atmosphere, water environment and ecological environment.
Stringent environmental safety management should be implemented on the aspect of daily
management, thorough emergency measures should be prepared at the same time, so as to
respond quickly in the event of an accident, orderly evacuate people and carry out emergency
monitoring and rescue.
4.2.1 Preventive Measures Concerning General Layout and Architectural Design
In the general layout and the architectural design, relevant preventive measures should be
implemented: the seismic fortification intensity of buildings should be 7 degrees; the fire
resistance rating of the buildings should not be less than Class II; watery trees are selected to
make the plant area green. Hedges and thick bushes should not be planted around production
facilities and between roads (especially between fire fighting access), and the plant area
greening should not hinder firefighting operations; the spacing between buildings within each
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district and the spacing between different districts should be determined according to the
requirements concerning fire fighting and fire prevention; there should be safe distance
between the warehouse of raw materials and workshop, office and power distribution room,
which should comply with the standard requirements of the “Code for Fire Protection Design
of Buildings” GBJ16-87.
4.2.2 Risk Prevention Strategies and Measures in the Transportation Process
Since the transportation of dangerous materials must be carried out by qualified
institutions, it is necessary to be cautious and ensure safety in the transportation process. To
do this, attentions must be paid to the following questions:
(1)Special tanker with good safety performance should be used in the transportation of
chemicals, and meanwhile, the tankers must be equipped with necessary anti-poison
appliances and fire fighting equipments, so as to prevent accidents; transportation routes and
time should be arranged rationally. It should avoid densely populated areas and residential
areas; meanwhile, the tanker drivers should receive a rigorous training and be qualified.
(2)As for the transportation of dangerous materials, the vehicles and the personnel
should be fixed. Fixed vehicles means that the vehicles used to load and transport dangerous
materials should be relatively fixed, and specific tanks are recommended to transport different
materials. All the containers of hazardous substances, including tank-cars, must be forbidden
to carry other things, still more to contain foods. The vehicles must be special ones,
two-wheeled motorcycle or three-wheeled motorcycle should not be used to carry dangerous
materials even in case of emergencies and vehicle shortage. Fixed personnel refers to the
fixed personnel involving in management, driving, escorting, loading and unloading, and this
arrangement can ensure that the transportation of dangerous materials can always be
undertaken by professionals and guarantee the safety of dangerous materials in the
transportation process.
(3)As for the dangerous materials, dangerous marks must be pasted on distinct parts
the packages according to the “Labels for Packages of Dangerous Goods” (GB190-90), and
the dangerous marks should be pasted firmly and correctly. As for the chemicals with a
variety of hazardous properties, such as inflammability, toxicity, etc., the corresponding labels
for packages should be pasted according to different hazardous characteristics, so that if any
problem occurs, a variety of protective measures can be implemented.
(4)In the transportation of dangerous materials, once an accident happens, emergency
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treatment should be implemented, and at the same time, the accident shall be reported to the
public security organs and the environmental protection departments, so as to evacuate the
masses and prevent the situation from getting worse, and active assistance shall be given to
the public security and transportation personnel and the fire fighters in rescuing the injured
and materials, so as to reduce the loss to a minimum.
(5)The drivers and supercargoes of the vehicles that transport toxic and corrosive
materials must check whether or not the anti-toxin protective supplies are complete and
effective before driving; and they should take initiative actions to prevent the situation from
getting worse when finding any leakage in driving; after cutting off the source of leakage,
they should report the situation to local public security organ and relevant authorities; if they
are not able to deal with the situation, they should promptly report it to local public security
organs and relevant authorities and request support.
4.2.3 Risk Prevention Measures in the Operation Process
In production process, the “Bans of the Ministry of Chemical Industry on Safety
Production” (41 Bans) issued by the Ministry of Chemical Industry should be strictly
enforced. The pipelines used in the production and transportation must be intact, closely
connected and leak-free, the remnants in the pipelines must be cleaned periodically, so as to
eliminate congestion; when overhauling the pipelines, the sources of material supply and the
power for transportation must be cut off, and there shall be the specialized personnel to
supervise the maintenance or overhaul sites. During the production and operation processes,
safety management must be strengthened, and the measures for preventing accidents must be
improved. Sudden pollution accidents, especially major accidents involving toxic chemicals,
will cause serious harms to the life and health of on-site people; in addition, such accidents
will also directly or indirectly result in huge economic losses, the factors leading to social
instability, as well as serious damage to ecological environment. Therefore, it is very
important for the enterprises to prevent sudden environmental pollution accidents and
improve their emergency treatment and disposal capacity on the aspect of sudden pollution
accidents. It is recommended to prepare on the following aspects:
(1) Make a strict check-up on engineering design and construction;
Engineering design includes process design and general plan design. Only rational
design can fundamentally improve the working conditions and eliminate major accident
potentials. Attentions should be paid to the quality of construction, the arrangement of
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equipments and the quality of debugging, and the inspection and approval of completed
project should be strictly implemented.
In the process design, it should be noted that the automatic and mechanized operations
and the remote sensing operations should be adopted for the particularly dangerous and toxic
work, and attentions should be paid to the shielding. The selected equipments should comply
with the requirements of the “Production Equipment Safety/Sanitation Design Guideline”,
and the management of occupational hazards and supporting safety facilities should be
considered.
In the general plan design, attentions should be paid to rational function zoning, some
protective belts and green belts should be arranged, and the requirements of the safety
regulations should be strictly complied with.
According to the characteristics of this project, this assessment recommends that the
following safety precautions should be considered in the future design, construction and
operational phases, so as to avoid accidents.
(2) In the design, the national and industrial regulations and standards on labor safety
and hygiene should be strictly implemented;
(3) The layout of equipments within the plant should strictly comply with the national
norms and regulations relating to fire and explosion protection, adequate safety distance
between equipments must be ensured, and the design of fire exits should comply with relevant
requirements;
(4) Safe and reliable equipment with advanced technologies should be adopted as much
as possible, and necessary safety and health facilities should be established in workshops
according to relevant national regulations;
(5) Reliable sealing technology should be adopted on equipments, pipes and pipe fittings,
so as to keep the storage and reaction process under sealed conditions and prevent the leakage
of materials;
(6) Danger zones should be defined in the plant in accordance with relevant norms on
region classification. The electrical equipments installed in the danger zones should adopt
explosion-proof grades according to corresponding regional levels, and all electrical
equipments should be grounded;
(7) A fire alarm hotline should be set up in the central control room and the fire
protection duty room, so as to ensure unobstructed communication in emergency situations;
(8) For the production posts, the cabinets for accident should be set up, and first-aid
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appliances, life saving apparatus, protective masks, goggles, rubber gloves ear plugs and other
protective and first-aid tools and supplies should be prepared;
(9) In the places where the facilities is easily polluted by toxic substances, set up
emergency washing equipments, eyewash equipments, safety shower heads and other
facilities should be installed.
4.2.4 Risk Prevention Measures in the Storage Process
(1) The main plant should adopt an open layout with an enhanced ventilation, the quality
control should be strictly implemented when selecting and purchasing a variety of process
equipments (valves, flanges, pumps, etc.) and pipelines, and the inspection and maintenance
should be strengthened; the “emitting, dripping and leaking” of materials in production should
be eliminated; the anti-corrosion and explosion-proof electrical equipments should be selected,
the power source should be well insulated and well grounded, and electric sparks and static
electricity should be prevented.
(2) Before loading and unloading hazardous chemicals, the preparations should be
implemented in advance, it is necessary to understand the nature of goods and check whether
or not the tools used to load and unload goods are reliable, and the unreliable tools should not
be replaced or repaired. If the tools are contaminated by inflammables, organic mattes, acids,
alkalis and so on, they must be cleaned before using.
(3) The operator should wear appropriate protective appliances. The protective
appliances include overalls, rubber aprons, rubber sleeve cover, rubber gloves, rubber boots,
gas masks, filter mouth-muffles, gauze face masks, gauze gloves, goggles, etc. Before
operating, specially-assigned personnel should check whether or not the appliances are in
good conditions and are worn properly. After operating, the appliances should be cleaned or
disinfected, and then they should be kept in a dedicated bin for safekeeping.
(4) If there is any hazardous chemical spilled on the ground or car plates, it should be
timely removed; and as for the inflammable and explosive materials, soft material soaked in
water should be used to remove theses materials.
(5) Drinking or smoking is banned when handling dangerous chemicals. Depending on
the working conditions and the nature of dangerous materials, timely wash hands, face, mouth
or take a shower after work. Air circulation must be maintained on the scene, if nausea,
dizziness and other symptoms of poisoning occur, the victim should immediately go to places
with fresh air and have a rest, take off clothing and protective appliances, and wash the
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contaminated skin; severe cases should be sent to hospital for medical treatment.
(6) For operations in nighttime, there should be explosion-proof or enclosed safety
lighting. For operations on rainy and snowy days or frozen conditions, there should be
anti-slip measures.
(7) There should be clean water, alkaline agents (such as lime, sodium carbonate, etc.) on
the scene, so as to prepare for first aid treatment.
(8) Minimize human contact with the goods’ packages, and after working, wash face and
hands and take a shower with soap and water before eating and drinking. The protective
appliances and the tools used must be carefully washed.
(9) The emergency acid pump and emergency pool should be set up in the vicinity of the
storage tank district, and there should be lime, sand and other emergency supplies.
4.2.5 Hazardous Chemicals Management System
(1)Purpose: it aims to store, reserve and handle dangerous materials and chemicals in
an orderly manner, so as to control the quality and ensure the safety.
(2)Range: All hazardous chemicals (sulfuric acid, methanol, etc.);
(3)Storage area and environment: as for the storage conditions, darkness, ventilation
and moisture protection should be required; the environment under normal temperature
(5~35℃, relative humidity of 45%-85%) is appropriate in the warehouse for storage.
(4)Storage regulations: fire-proof, water-proof and pressure-proof; fixed point, fixed
location and fixed quantity, FIFO (first in first out); the articles should be separated on the
shelf or card board, and prevent the packing buckets from rusting. Electric power supply is
not allowed in dangerous goods warehouse, and no fire should be allowed in warehouse. The
hazardous chemicals, which have conflicting chemical properties and fire fighting methods,
should not be kept in the same warehouse (storage room) EJX.
(5)The scrap of hazardous chemicals: the packing buckets, plastic bags and bottles
used for hazardous chemicals must be strictly managed after using, they should be recycled
and registered in a unified manner and recycled and reused by the suppliers of raw materials;
for the scrap of inflammable and explosive goods, an application must be proposed in advance,
the comprehensive security measures must be developed, and the scrap must be approved by
the safety departments. The waste metal recycling management should be strengthened, all
metal containers with hazardous substances should be stored in a dedicated site within the
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plant area, and they should be recycled and utilized by the raw material suppliers.
(6)Safety measures: in order to keep hazardous chemicals, the principle of “three keep
away, one prohibit” must be complied with, that is to keep fire away, keep water source away,
keep electric source away, as well as prohibit mixed stacking. If hazardous chemicals and
combustible and explosive materials need to enter designated areas, special personnel must be
responsible for safekeeping. The fire control facilities shall be provided for safety according
to the standards promulgated by the fire departments, and monthly checks should be carried
out regularly, so as to ensure the effectiveness of function. The storekeepers in dangerous
goods warehouse should have a strong sense of responsibility and be specially trained, they
should be familiar with the nature of dangerous goods and the common sense of safety
management, and there should be protective appliances and instruments according to the
scope of the management of hazardous chemicals.
4.2.6 Emergency Measures for Accidents
(1) Leakage of sulfuric acid
① Leakage of sulfuric acid: The personnel in leakage contaminated areas should be
rapidly evacuated to a safe area and be isolated, and access should be restricted. The
emergency personnel are recommended to wear positive-pressure breathing apparatus and
acid-proof overalls. Do not directly touch the leakage. If possible, cut off the source of
leakage. A small amount of leakage: the leakage should be mixed with sand, dry lime or soda
ash, it can also be rinsed with plenty of water, and it should be discharged into the production
wastewater collection tank after diluted with water and then reused in the production. A large
amount of leakage: it should be transferred into an emergency storage pit by using a pump for
temporary storage, and then it can be used in the production or be discharged after
neutralizing treatment with alkali.
② Fire protection: when a place with sulfuric acid catch fire, it is better to use water
mist, foam, CO2 and dry powder in fire extinguishing, and protective clothing should be worn
in the fire fighting.
③ First aid: immediately take off the clothes that are stained with sulfuric acid, and
wash contaminated skin with water. A severely burned patient should lie in his/her back, keep
the whole body warm, and the patient should not be applied medical ointments without the
doctor’s permission. If sulfuric acid is splashed into eyes, the eyes must be flushed with
plenty of water for more than 15 minutes, and then 2-3 drops of 0.5% tetracaine or other local
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anesthetics shall be applied into the eyes. If concentrated sulfuric acid is swallowed by
mistake, do not induce vomiting; do not put any object inside the mouth of a patient in a state
of coma, wash the patient’s mouth with plenty of water after waking up, and then let the
patient drink milk mixed with egg whites; the patients in severe cases should be sent to a
hospital for medical treatment.
(2) Leakage of methanol
① In case of leakage in large amount, cut off relevant valves as soon as possible, find
leaking points, try to stop the leaking, and timely report the situation to relevant departments
in workshops and the departments of safety and environmental protection.
② If the leakage of methanol is on fire and the fire is still controllable, cut off the
leaking points rapidly, organize evacuation as soon as possible, and call 4902217 within the
plant to contact the dispatching room and obtain on-site assistances of fir department, gas
protection department and other departments.
③ If there is a large amount of methanol leakage and the leakage is still not on fire
immediately, then the situation is more dangerous; the personnel should be calm, wear
protective clothing (anti-static suit), and decisively close all valves connecting to the
environment outside. Immediately stop the ongoing hot work or high-place operation, and
organize evacuation. Block the roads, and rinse the leaking methanol with plenty of water.
④ Once a fire or an explosion occurs, the alarm should be sounded timely, and rational
disposal and clear division of labor must be implemented.
⑤ The fire brigade should waste no time in rushing to the site of accident, spray water
to cool the burning storage tanks, extinguish the flames within methanol tanks with foam cans,
if necessary. Contact the professional local fire-fighting team to participate in on-site fire
fighting whenever necessary, and control the roads within plant and evacuate vehicles and
people.
⑥ The production department (dispatching room) shall be responsible for the
communications concerning production when dealing with the accidents, it should ask the
workshop sections without any accident to stop production, ensure water supply, gas supply
on the accident scene, and control the power supply in the accident area by contacting
relevant departments.
⑦ The department of safety and environmental protection shall be responsible for the
coordination of rescue, it should collect the raw data on accidents, timely analyze the accident
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state and the likelihood of accident expansion, and share information, so as to carry out the
rescue in an intense and orderly manner.
(3)Leakage of other hazardous chemicals
The project also involves sodium hydroxide, hydrogen peroxide and other hazardous
chemicals; when these substances leak, human exposure will cause harms to human body, but
they will not pollute the surrounding air; after controlling the pH value through the
neutralization in the plant’s accident pool, the leakage can enter into the sewage treatment
plant, and the leakage will have little impact on the sewage treatment plant and the
environment.
4.3 Emergency Plan and Monitoring for Accidents
4.3.1 Emergency Plan
(1)Strategies and measures for chemical risk prevention
The chemical risks of the company mainly occur in the storage, transportation and use of
hazardous chemicals, and the company strictly implements the requirements of the
“Regulations on the Safety Administration of Dangerous Chemicals” (2002, Decree No. 344
of the State Council) and the GB15603-1995 “General Principles Concerning the Storage of
Commonly Used Hazardous Chemicals”.
a. The storage sites comply with the conditions for fire control.
b. The production responsibility system concerning specially-assigned persons has been
improved. The responsibilities is clarified, enhance the inspections in the areas with
inflammable and explosive materials and facilities, such as the areas involving the production
of main chemicals, key warehouses and important equipments.
c. The warehouse staff should pass occupational examinations and obtain related
certificates before working. Custody staff should check for three times a day, which means
that they should check after starting work, at work and before going off from work: They
should check whether or not the stacking is firm, whether or not there are leaks in packages,
as well as whether or not the power supply is safe. They should identify problems in time and
eliminate hidden dangers.
d. The industrial hygiene, environmental monitoring and management systems have been
improved. The normal operation of the plant has been managed. When accident occurs,
emergency antitoxic monitoring, antitoxic guidance and the rescuing of poisoned people
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should be carried out.
e. The lightning prevention measures for metal tanks should be checked regularly.
f. All pipelines for chemicals should be tested under pressure before the production, so as
to ensure no leakage before putting into production; phenomenon; and non-destructive test of
pipelines should be carried out regularly.
g. The appropriate warning system with gas sensors should be installed in the liquid
chlorine storage, and the emergency scrubbing facilities should also be installed; the operators
should have gas masks and emergency oxygen cylinders.
According to the characteristics of this project, aiming at possible risk accidents, the
emergency plans for risks should be established, and the framework of emergency plans for
risks when an accident occurs is shown in Table 4-9.
Table 4-9 List of Emergency Plans for Project’s Risks
No.
Item Contents and Requirements
1 General principles
This plan is a risk emergency plan for Technical Transformation
Engineering Project of 37kt/a Wheat Straw Pulp ECF Bleaching
Process of Zhumadian Municipal Baiyun Paper Co. Ltd. It stipulates
the contents and requirements to be implemented and specified at the
later design and construction stage. It belongs to the contents of
acceptance of environmental “Three Simultaneities” upon completion
of project.
2 Overview of hazard
sources Specify the types, number and distribution of hazard sources
3 Area of emergency
plan In and around the factory
4 Emergency
organizations
In the factory
Emergency command headquarter in the factory: responsible for
comprehensive command at site
Professional rescue team: responsible for control, rescue and
post-accident work of accident
Local emergency organization
Local emergency command headquarter: responsible for
comprehensive command, support, administration and evacuation
around the factory
Professional rescue team: responsible for support the professional
rescue team in the factory
5
Classification of
emergency state and
procedures of
emergency response
Different Procedures of emergency response is applied to
corresponding accidents according to its class
6
Emergency
facilities, equipment
and materials
Emergency facilities, equipment and materials for fire and explosion
prevention mainly refer to relevant fire fighting equipments.
Equipments for preventing leakage of toxic and harmful substances
refer to relevant spraying equipments and materials; preventing
accidental discharge of pollutant mainly refers to normal use of
relevant storage equipments.
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7
Emergency
communication,
notification and
transportation
Stipulating means of communication, notification modes and measures
of traffic control in case of risk accident.
means of communication: telephone, interphone, internet
notification modes: telephone, interphone, internet
means of transportation: cars
traffic control: road in and near the factory
8
Emergency
environmental
monitoring and
post-accident
assessment
There are professional teams to conduct emergency monitoring on
accidents and assess the nature, parameters and consequences of
accident, thus to provide support to commanding department.
9
Emergency
protective measure,
measures and
devices for cleaning
leakage
Accident site: relevant equipment shall be prepared for controlling
accident, preventing accident from spreading and causing chain
reaction, cleaning site leakage and reducing harm.
Peripheral areas: measures shall be taken and relevant equipments shall
be prepared for controlling fire area, preventing chain reaction
accident, controlling and cleaning pollutants.
10
Emergency dose
control, evacuation
plan, medical aid
and public health
Accident site: accident handling personnel shall determine and control
accident's emergency dose, prepare and implement site evacuation plan
and rescue
Peripheral areas: determine the toxicant emergency dose of people in
affected areas, prepare and implement site evacuation plan and rescue
11
Emergency state
termination and
recovery measures
Lift alarming of accidents, post-accident treatment, and recovery
measures
12 Personnel training
and drill
The factory shall organize people to attend training and drill
periodically after the preparation of emergency plan
13 Public education and
information
Public education and training shall be conducted and related
information shall be delivered in peripheral areas
14 Recording and
reporting
Special emergency recording and documentation shall be archived, and
special reporting system shall be established
15 Annex All kinds of annex information related to emergency accident
(2)Accident in sewage treatment plant
The company has developed the “Emergency Response Plan for Wastewater Treatment
Accidents”, when any accident occurs in the sewage treatment plant, the following steps
should be implemented:
The first step: When there is an accident, the water supply and discharge department
should immediately report the accident to the company's environmental protection office and
the production scheduling room by phone, and the production scheduling room should
immediately telephone the chief commander of the emergency rescue headquarters (report to
the deputy commander in absence of the chief commander).The chief commander should
immediately order the member institutions to rush to the scene of the accident, and different
emergency treatments should be implemented depending on the following accident causes.
① The aerobic wastewater treatment facilities may not work correctly due to the faults
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in coarse bar screen, fine bar screen and equipment for aerobic wastewater treatment, so that
there may be accidents caused by direct discharge of wastewater generated in pulping without
effective treatment:
A. If the fault can not be eliminated within 24 hours, then with the chief commander’s
approval, the emergency rescue headquarters should arrange the company to shut down the
production line for pulping and bleaching until the fault is eliminated.
B. If the fault can not be eliminated within 48 hours, then with the chief commander’s
approval, the emergency rescue headquarters should arrange the company to shut down all the
pulp production lines until the fault is eliminated.
② Due to the improper control of wastewater treatment process, the discharged
wastewater may not reach the required standards for more than 24 hours: immediately
determine the cause of the failure, and with the chief commander’s approval, the emergency
rescue headquarters should arrange the company to shut down the pulp production line until
the fault is eliminated.
③ Due to abnormal wastewater discharge from relevant production workshops, the
pollutant load of wastewater into the wastewater treatment facilities may be too high, thus the
discharged wastewater cannot reach the required standards for more than 24 hours:
immediately determine the cause of the failure, and with the chief commander’s approval, the
emergency rescue headquarters should arrange the company to shut down the production lines
in the trouble-causing workshops until the fault is eliminated.
④ Abnormal wastewater discharge caused by anaerobic wastewater treatment:
A. Due to the improper control of anaerobic wastewater treatment process, the pollutant
load of wastewater into the anaerobic facility may exceed the requirements, thus the
discharged wastewater can not reach the required standards. Immediately determine the cause
of the failure, and with the chief commander’s approval, the emergency rescue headquarters
should arrange the pulping workshop to reduce its output and discharge its wastewater
directly into the gutters for aerobic treatment, or stop production.
B. If the fault is caused by the failure in preparation section, which make the anaerobic
treatment can not work well, the cause of the failure should be determined immediately, and
with the chief commander’s approval, the emergency rescue headquarters should arrange the
preparation section of pulping workshop to reduce its output or stop production.
The second step: after the accident, the Safety and Environment Protection Department
should immediately report it to Suiping County Environmental Protection Bureau by phone.
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The third step: after the treatment of any source of accident, the facilities should resume
operation with the confirmation of the rescue team.
( 3 ) Failure in dust remover
The emergency plan for failure in dust remover is as follows:
The first step: When there is an accident, the accident should be immediately reported to
the company's production scheduling room by phone, the production scheduling room should
immediately telephone the chief commander of the emergency rescue headquarters (report to
the deputy commander in absence of the chief commander). The chief commander should
immediately order the member institutions to rush to the scene of the accident, and different
emergency treatments should be implemented depending on the following accident causes.
① When the following faults occur, immediately stop the faulty equipment until the
faults are eliminated;
A. Electrical faults:
a. The rectifier transformer produces a lot of heat, or there are obvious flashover, arcing
and vibration within the equipment;
b. The power supply unit is out of control, and big current impact occurs;
c. The electrical equipment is on fire;
d. Other situations that seriously threat the safety of personal and equipments.
B. Mechanical failure
a. Short circuit;
b. The heteropole distance within electric field reduces significantly, arc discharge lasts
in electric field;
c. Failure in ash discharge system.
② Take stopping equipment into account, until the failure is eliminated
A. Electrical failure
a. The rectifier transformer produces a lot of heat;
b. Biased excitation in power supply unit;
c. Thyristor produces a lot of heat;
d. The insulation on the high-voltage side is lower.
B. Mechanical failure:
a. Ash bucket clogging;
b. Burning oil in boiler.
The second step: treatment after electric precipitation fault:
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A. The electric precipitation operator on duty should report to the workshop immediately
and require the run the boiler with lower pressure;
B. Notify the monitor on duty for running boiler;
C. Shut the disc valve of the faulty electric field to prevent the direct smoke emission;
D. The electric precipitation monitor should contact relevant personnel to repair the
faulty electric field;
E. Restore normal operation of the electrostatic precipitator as soon as possible;
F. If the thermal power plant can not eliminate the above faults within 24 hours, the
monitor on duty should report to the deputy plant manager in charge of the thermal power
plant and the emergency rescue headquarters, and switch to the standby boiler.
The third step: after the treatment of any source of accident, the facilities should resume
operation with the confirmation of the rescue team.
4.3.2 Emergency Monitoring
The staff must adhere to the principle of “prevention first, taking the initiative, focusing
on prevention” and work earnestly to prepare for emergency monitoring of pollution
emergencies, the monitoring personnel should prepare to rush to the scene whenever
necessary, the laboratory should prepare for analysis and testing whenever necessary, and the
on-site testing equipment should be debugged. All of these preparations can guarantee that in
case of pollution emergencies, the personnel can be deployed to rush to the scene and quickly
carry out monitoring. The on-site measurement should be done if possible, and necessary
off-site measurement should be done immediately through the analysis and testing in
laboratories according to the samples collected, so as to ensure the timely reporting of data,
thus emergency measures can be taken to prevent the accidental discharge and damage.
This project focuses on the air pollution emergency monitoring.
(1) Atmospheric emergency monitoring
Atmospheric emergency monitoring points should be established around the accident
polluted area and in the nearby residential areas, key monitoring points should be located
within the downwind scope that may be affected by the accident contaminated area, and the
evacuation of the masses should be organized if the monitoring factors at the pollution
emergency monitoring points exceed relevant standards of the State.
① Monitoring time
From the occurrence of the pollution incident to its end, the monitoring should be carried
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out twice a day.
② Sampling and analysis methods for monitoring
Implement according to relevant national regulations and standards, so as to meet the data
validity.
(2) Surface water emergency monitoring
In case of an accident involving contaminated surface water, the water body should be
monitored according to special circumstances, and attentions should be paid to water safety.
In case of human and animal water use, the masses should be noticed to suspense the water
use, and they should get the water after the elimination of danger.
4.3.3 Emergency Rescue Safeguards
(1) Financial security: special funds for pollution emergency should be allocated, so as to
purchase emergency facilities, equipments and apparatuses and carry out daily publicity,
training and exercises, and this should be regarded as a safeguard to the emergency funds for
sudden environmental pollution.
(2) Equipment Support: the plant should prepare a number of emergency relief supplies
and be equipped with appropriate safety and fire protection equipments, and it should carry
out daily maintenance, so as to provide equipment support to environmental emergency
response.
(3) Support to communications and human resources: ensure effective communications
within the whole plant, the members of major emergency rescue organization should be
equipped with appropriate communication tools, and effective communications 24 hours a
day must be ensured, so that the emergency personnel and rescue equipment supplies can be
in place in time.
(4) Publicity, training and exercises: the publicity on the prevention of pollution
emergencies should be enhanced usually, and local fire department should be invited to give
technical guidance and training to the members of the company’s emergency response leading
group and staff, the “Environmental Emergency Handbook” should be distributed, and a
emergency drills should be carried out every six months. Targeted science publicity, education
and training, as well as relevant information should be given to the public around the plant, so
as to enhance the masses’ awareness of self-protection, self-help and mutual aid.
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4.3.4 Aftermaths of Pollution Accident
After controlling the environmental emergencies, the following aftermaths should be
treated simultaneously:
(1) Promptly investigate the cause of environmental pollution accidents, describe the
basic situation of pollution incident in a qualitative and quantitative manner, assess the entire
incident, and investigate and punish the relevant people for dereliction of duty and causing
serious consequences.
(2) Collect relevant data for record, including the nature, parameters and consequences
of the accident, decision records, and information analysis and so on, and summarize the
works, so as to provide a basis for the command authorities to make decisions on preventing
environmental emergencies.
(3) Rescue and appease the injured workers or the masses, and formulate the
corresponding compensation plans and deal with other aftermaths;
(4) Check and repair the damaged facilities and equipments, resume production when the
facilities and equipment are able to work normally again.
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储罐区围堰 Cofferdam in Tank Farm
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5 Public Communication Mechanism for Environmental Protection
5.1 Major Problems of Public Concerns
(1)The company shall invest adequate capital in environmental protection, be
committed to environmental protection projects and ensure that the pollutants can reach the
standards. Especially in strengthening the prevention and control of the waste water during
paper-making, the company shall guarantee that the waste water discharged meet the
standards.
(2)Local environmental protection authorities shall enhance the supervision over the
company and urge the company to implement all types of environmental measures during
operation.
(3)All the production activities of the company shall be carried out on the premise of
not damaging local residents’ health and local environment. If the damages do exist, active
and effective measures shall be taken by the local government, environmental protection
department and the company to decrease the adverse impact to the lowest point.
5.2 Public Communication Plan for Environmental Protection
(1)The company shall strengthen publicity, give publicity to the construction situation
of the project and environmental protection measures, eliminate local residents’ worry about
the “three wastes” pollution, try to win the understanding of them and coordinate the
relationship with them.
(2)The company shall carry out all types of environmental protection measures,
ensure the capital of pollution prevention and control. The money shall be used for the
intended purpose. After being constructed and put into use, the factory shall ensure that all the
environmental protection measures run and the pollutants meet the standards.
(3)A mailbox and an anteroom shall be set to receive the supervision from the
residents of the community. Rectification, reform and management works shall be done in
response to environmental problems.
(4)The contact number and contact person are made public as a communication
channel with the public during construction and operation period.
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6 Plans for Environmental Monitoring and Supervision
6.1 Environmental Supervision Plan
The key to environmental protection is environmental management. Experience has
proved that environmental management is as important as enterprise planning, production,
product quality, technology and finance. They are all important parts in enterprise
management. Good and effective environmental management plays an active role in
improving environment, economic and social efficiency.
The basic task of environmental management is to protect the environment, develop
cleaner production, and improve productivity and economic efficiency. Therefore, the
environmental management shall be strengthened to ensure the facilities dealing with the
“three wastes” functioning well and make a coordinated development and virtuous cycle for
economic, environmental and social effectiveness.
6.1.1 Environmental Management Institution
Zhumadian Municipal Baiyun Paper Co., Ltd. has formed a relatively perfect
environmental management system. According to the features of production organization and
the requirements of environmental protection, the enterprise designates a vice manager to be
responsible for environmental protection, supervise the factory’s environmental management
and the facilities’ operation. In addition, it sets specific environmental protection office
supporting dedicated manager. The specific contents of environmental protection work consist
of the reduction and control of solid wastes, the control and dispose of waste gas and water
and the control of the noise. Refer to Table 6-1 for the list of personnel of environmental
protection institution.
Table 6-1 list of personnel of Environmental Protection Institution
Company Post Number of staff
Company leader General Manager of the company 1
The CPC Party Secretary 1
Functional
department
Safety and
environmental
protection
department
Manager and Deputy Manager 2
Staff member 4
Major workshops Part-time environmental protection
staff 28
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6.1.2 Main responsibilities of Environmental Management Institution
(2)Organizing and implementing national, provincial and municipal environmental
protection laws and regulations, environmental protection systems and working requirements.
Formulating short-term, medium-term and long-term environmental protection plan based on
the actual situation of the company, supervise the implementation and solve the existing
problems.
(3)Formulating rational plans to maintain the safe and stable operation of these
environmental protection facilities.
(3)Monitoring the company’s discharge of the pollutants including waste water, waste
gas, noise and solid wastes during operation period and establish and improving the
environmental protection record.
(4)Being responsible for environmental protection education of staffs of each
department in the company, improving the environmental protection awareness of staffs to
enable active effort for cleaner production and implementing the prevention and reduction of
wastes in each producing process.
(5)Making great effort to the research and development of pollution control and
cleaner production technology. Collecting new workmanship and technology information on
environmental protection and promote them in the company.
(6)Being responsible for the security supervision of the pollution prone positions,
well prepared for the emergency, and decreasing the probability of occurrence of accident to
the lowest point.
(7)Coordinating with company’s equipment department, maintain and repair
environmental protection facilities, implementing unified management of environmental
protection facilities and major production facilities, conducting regular inspection, keeping
records and ensuring the normal running of the facilities.
(8)Being responsible for the statistical analysis of the environmental monitoring data,
making corresponding analysis and processing of the information.
(9)Being responsible for the supervision of pollution source, data collection, analysis
and report in time.
(10)Organizing publicity, education, training and labour emulation on environmental
protection, improving the environmental protection awareness of staffs.
(11)Being responsible for the formulation of environmental pollution control plan.
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Participating in the demonstration of governance plan, being in charge of the agreement
signing and the monitoring and accepting of the completion acceptance of the project.
(12)Collecting statistics of the environmental protection facilities’ operation and the
environmental management situation, reporting to the department, and having this
information be submitted.
6.2 Environmental Monitoring Plan
Environmental monitoring is the benchmark to measure the results of environmental
management, the prevention and control of industrial pollution and environmental
management. To strengthen pollution control is an effective method to understand and grasp
the enterprises’ sewage features, make research on pollution developing trend, environmental
protection technology and comprehensive utilization of energy. Therefore, laboratory and
fixed workplace with monitoring (analysis) personnel, instruments and facilities shall be set to
carry out routinely regular monitoring work. Formulate monitoring system, make regular
monitoring of the pollution source and the treatment facilities of the "three wastes" and make
a record of the data. For the companies without monitoring ability, they shall entrust the local
environmental protection monitoring station. Monitoring and analysis shall be carried out in
accordance with national requirements, and monitoring personnel shall receive training and
education and work with the certificate.
Environmental monitoring of Zhumadian Municipal Baiyun Paper Co., Ltd. includes the
following aspects:
(1) Regular monitoring by the analysis room for normal operation and ensuring the
pollutants meeting the standards: COD of waste water, pH every 4 hours and BOD,
SS monthly.
(2) Continuous monitoring facilities shall be installed for the monitoring of the factory's
sewage and atmospheric discharge;
(3) Zhumadian Environmental Monitoring Station is entrusted to conduct environmental
monitoring: Zhumadian Environmental Monitoring Station shall provide monitoring
data once a season to the enterprises. The enterprises shall optimize the treatment
facilities and operation according to the data.
(4) This project supports independent monitoring including independent verification and
monitoring of dioxin discharge.
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(5) Special monitoring: environmental monitoring of the completion and acceptance of
technology renovation according to the national requirements.
6.2.1The goal of environmental monitoring
The company shall monitor the discharged waste water, boiler gas and noise and know
the impact of this project on the environment in time to provide basis for pollution control and
environmental protection.
6.2.2 Environmental monitoring institution
(1)Regular monitoring institution
Zhumadian Municipal Baiyun Paper Co., Ltd. has two monitoring laboratories and has set
up an analysis laboratory with an area of about 100 square meters and 7 full-time monitoring
personnel who are responsible for the daily monitoring of waste water sources and the
carrying out by pH, SS, COD, BOD5, DO etc. The assessment shows that the company has a
perfect engineering monitoring institution which can monitor water pollutants. The
monitoring of waste gas and noise shall be entrusted to qualified local environmental
protection departments. The existing monitoring institution can meet the requirement.
(2)Special monitoring institution
Some special monitoring institutions: the acceptance and monitoring of the completion of
the project organized by environmental protection department shall be supervised by local
Environmental Protection Bureau in environmental management and the implementation of
monitoring.
6.2.3 Monitoring equipment configuration
In order to ensure the monitoring work, necessary equipment is needed in the monitoring
station. Refer to Table 6-3 for the details.
Table 6-2 List of Major Monitoring Equipment
No Name Number Remark
1 1/10000 balance 1
2 Spectrophotometer 1
3 precision sound level meter 2
4 Flowmeter 2
5 biochemical incubator 1
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No Name Number Remark
6 Refrigerator 1
7 analysis of glass instrument Some
8 chemical reagent Some
chlorine dioxide analyzer 1
9 Total /
6.2.4 Responsibilities of environmental monitoring lab
(1)Formulating monitoring plan of the discharged pollutants according to national
environmental quality standards.
(2)Conducting daily monitoring on the company’s discharged pollutants, analyzing
and processing monitoring data, establishing pollution source record and having it reported in
time.
(3)Analyzing monitoring results so as to understand the pollution situation. When the
accident happens, the problem shall be reported to prevent pollution accident.
(4)Making great efforts to the repair, maintenance and calibration of monitoring
facilities.
(5)Participating in the investigation of the company’s environmental pollution
accidents.
6.2.5 Environmental monitoring plan
(1)Monitoring plan
Technical renovation project has a large production scale and relates to many relevant
production sectors. According to the species and output of the production, the automatic
supervision and control plan is as follows: based on the framework of the integration of
management and control, wide-spread, advanced and reliable DCS system is installed in the
workshop of pulping, paper making, waste water treatment and electrical heating project.
Meanwhile, a network system is connected with all production control systems and
department management systems. The management personnel can access all information in
the process of production, pollutant discharge, abnormal discharge (such as overflow, leakage
and facility off-stream) through network exchanging data and information. They shall
implement production scheduling and maintenance. Each workshop can also exchange
information to optimize production, reduce wastes discharge, ensuring the control on
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pollution and normal function of treatment facilities. This plan will benefit the production
process to meet the requirement of workmanship design, give play to the excellent properties
of advanced production facilities and benefit management department to achieve intended
economic and environmental protection effective target.
(2)Monitoring plan
Refer to Table 6-3 for the regular monitoring plan after technology renovation in
operation period according to the pollution source like waste gas and noise and pollution
discharge situation. Monitoring method shall refer to relevant national technological standards
and norms.
Table 6-3 List of Monitoring Plan
监测
期 Monitoring
factors
Monitoring
position Monitoring item
Monitori
ng
frequency
Monitori
ng
institutio
n
Expense
(CNY)
Con
structio
n
prio
d(o
ne y
ear)
Construction
dust Two sites at the east
boundry of the mill TSP Once every
two months Third
party
3000
Construction
wastewater / /
/
Construction
noise Four sites around the
mill LeqdB(A) Once every
two months 2000
小计 5000
Op
eratio
n p
eriod
Po
llutio
n so
urce m
on
itorin
g
Waste
water
Inlet and outlet of
waste water
treatment station
pH,chroma,SS,BOD5,
CODcr,ammonia
nitrogenand drainage
volume
Once a
shift
Baiyun
Paper
laboratory
10000
The master outlet of
waste water
pH,chroma,SS,BOD5,
CODcr, ammonia
nitrogen, total
nitrogen, total
phosphorus
and drainage volume
Once a
day
Baiyun
Paper
laboratory
10000
(supervis
ory monitoring
by the governmen
t)
The master outlet of
waste water
pH,chroma,SS,BOD5,
CODcr,ammonia
nitrogen,total
nitrogen, total
phosphorus
and drainage volume
Once a
season
Zhumadia
n
Environm
ental
Monitorin
g Station
10000
(supervis
ory monitoring
by the governmen
t)
Workshop or waste
water discharge
outlet of the
production facilities
AOX, dioxin
At random
Environm
ental
Monitorin
g center of
Henan
province
20000
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Waste
gas
Waste
gas in
the
boiler
Inlet and
outlet of
precipitat
or
The amount of
smoke, dust,NOx,SO2
Once a
season
Suiping
Environm
ental
Monitorin
g station
20000
(supervis
ory monitoring
by the governmen
t)
Waste
alkali
furnace
Inlet and
outlet of
dust
collector
The amount of
smoke, dust,NOx,SO2
Once a
season
Suiping
Environm
ental
Monitorin
g station
20000
(supervis
ory monitoring
by the
governmen
t)
chlorine
dioxide
for the
waste
gas
Inlet and
outlet of
scrubber
Gas, chlorine At random
Zhumadia
n
environme
ntal
Monitorin
g Station
10000
Fugitive waste gas chlorine,odor and
TSP At random
Zhumadia
n
Environm
ental
Monitorin
g Station
10000
Noise Workshop of strong
noise Noise dB(A)
Once a
season
Suiping
environme
ntal
Monitorin
g station
2000
Solid
waste
s
boiler ash
Comprehensive
utilization and
treatment
Once a
month
Third
party or
Zhumadia
n
Environm
ental
Monitorin
g Station
30000
white bole
recovered from
alkali
Sludge in pollutant
treatment station
Pulp residue in
pulping workshop
chlorine dioxide for
mirabilite salt
Solid waste landfill Ground water
Once a
year or at
random
Third
party or
Zhumadia
n
Environm
ental
Monitorin
g Station
10000
En
vir
on
me
nta
l
Envir
onme
nt gas
Chezhan town, Guo
Zhuang, NO. 2 High
School of the
county, Wang
Zhuang
SO2,NO2,
TSP,PM10 ,NH3,H2S
Once a
year
Zhumadia
n
Environm
ental
Monitorin
g Station
10000
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mo
nit
ori
ng
of
the
out
sid
e
Under
groun
d
water
Zhou Zhuang,
Wangchen, Geda
Liu
(set monitoring
wells white bole
spare landfill)
pH,total
hardness,TDS,ammon
ia
nitrogen,permanganat
e index
Once a
season
Zhumadia
n
Environm
ental
Monitorin
g Station
30000
Acous
tic
enviro
nment
factory boundary
Noise dB(A)
Once a
season
Suiping
environme
ntal
Monitorin
g Station
194000
Total 199000
Considering that Henan monitoring center is not able to detect dioxin, Baiyun paper
promised to entrust qualified unit to monitor dioxin during the demonstration period.
7 Personnel Training
7.1 On-job Training for Environmental Management Personnel
The goal of the training for the on-job environmental management personnel is to
strengthen environmental management during construction period and operation period,
guarantee environmental monitoring quality and practical and effective environmental
management and then improve the quality of the project. The environmental management
personnel shall have the knowledge to distinguish major environmental problems in
construction period and understand the problems and weaknesses in environmental
management.
7.2 Training for Project Responsible Persons and Construction Personnel
Before the commencement of the project, the project construction responsible people and
workers from the company which won the bid shall receive systematic training on
environment professional knowledge to avoid damaging the environment by wrong operation
during the construction period. The goal of training the responsible people is to make clear of
the responsibility of the construction company to protect the environment. The goal of
training the workers is to standardize the correct operating mode during the construction
period and operation period to avoid the unnecessary damages to the environment by their
activities. The training responsibility for the project responsible people and workers lies with
the project environmental protection responsible people. Their main task is to explain the
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possible damages during the project’s construction period and the environmental protection
measures and treatment methods for the environment problems. The project responsible
people shall understand their obligations in environmental protection and the possible
outcome brought by environment damages and the workers shall directly understand
protective degree and methods of the sensitive point of the environment through the training.
According to the practical condition, the training for the workers will last one week.
7.3 Staff Training in Project Operation Period
During the operation period of the project, regular environmental protection knowledge
training shall be held to help the staff to deal with possible environment problems and take
necessary measures. Each staff shall have the idea to protect the environment.
7.4 Training methods and Expense budget
Refer to 7-1 for training methods and budget
Table 7-1 List of Training Methods and Budget
No Trainee Content Training
method
Numbe
r of
trainee
Expense (10
thousand
RMB)
1 Management staff of
the project
Knowledge on
environmental
management
on-job
training 8 3 days,0.2
2 Management staff of
the project
Site-visit and learn the
matured environmental
management experience
Visit and
investigatio
n
8 4 days,1.5
3 Management staff of
the project
Environmental
management measure of
the project
on-job
training 10 0.1
4
Responsible people
of the project and
workers
Knowledge and
measures on
environmental
management
on-job
training 15 3 days,0.2
5 Workers
Knowledge on
environmental
management of the
project
on-job
training 60 2 days,0.6
6
Operating staff after
the completion of the
project
Knowledge and
measures on
environmental
management
on-job
training 200 2
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8 Occupational Sanitation, Health and safety
8.1 Setting of Occupational Health Institutions
Baiyun Paper Co., Ltd has a comprehensive occupational health management
organization. The design of occupational health management institution is as follows:
The enterprise has formed occupational health and safety management network,
established the "Occupational Health and Safety Committee" with the legal person of the
enterprise as the chief and its affiliated occupational health and safety office established.
Occupational health and safety work of the enterprise belongs to production department
which owns four full-time occupational health and safety engineers. They are specifically
responsible for the occupational health and safety management within the enterprise, handing
out occupational disease prevention appliances, the occupational health and safety education
and occupation health data archiving.
At present, beside forming a whole set of technological operation specification, the
enterprise has formulated the "environment and occupational health and safety management
system work file", developed perfect occupational health regulations and operation rules such
as "occupational health and safety inspection management approach", "emergency plan of
occupational hazard accident " etc. The enterprise often carries out emergency drills of fire
safety and occupational poisoning accident to urge the staff to strictly implement occupational
health regulations and operation rules made by the enterprise. All these measures help to
protect the staff’s health, reduce or eliminate the occupational disease and play an active role
in production development.
The production department of the enterprise has formulated an occupational hazards
monitoring plan and assigned the Zhumadian Disease Control Center to conduct selective test
and determination on occupational disease hazard factors. The test results are preserved in the
occupational health archive and the results are regularly reported to the responsible leader of
the factory.
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8.2 Occupational Health Education
Occupational health education lies with production department and the workshop. All
staff shall have pre-job training on occupational health and safety and regular or irregular
training on occupational health.
Besides, blackboard display is set in the factory to regularly promote laws, regulations
and operation rules on occupational disease prevention and treatment, give correct guidance to
the staff on using occupational disease prevention devices and individual prevention
appliances and improve their consciousness on self-protection.
8.3 Occupational Prevention Appliance
To reduce the hazard of occupational disease on workers, guarantee their health, the
enterprise shall distribute occupational disease prevention appliances like protective helmet,
working clothes and shoes, gloves, elastic earplugs, earmuffs, filter type anti-poison respirator,
protective glasses, and insulation clothes to the workers for individual use.
In conclusion, the enterprise has a relatively perfect occupational health management
institution and system which can basically meet the needs of occupational health management
after the reconstruction and expansion of the project. However, some occupational diseases
have not been effectively controlled. Therefore, the enterprise shall strengthen the
construction of its production technology renovation and occupational health prevention
facilities to minimize the incidence of the disease.
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9 Legal Force of law of Environmental Management Plan
Environmental protection action plan is the action guidance of implementing
environmental protection measures of the construction organization and the basis of
environmental department’s checking and accepting the implementation of the environmental
protection measures. Therefore, environmental protection action plan shall have the same
force of law with contracts, tender letter etc.
When tendering for building organizations, the construction organization shall provide
environmental protection action plan as a basic material for the bidding unit and require
submission of the action plan in the tender and all types of environmental protection expense
included in construction appropriation budget. When examining the tender documents, the
construction organization shall consider the implementation of environmental protection
action plan as one kind of the service and make clear that the action plan is one factor of the
project quality. The damages brought by not implementing the action plan shall be borne by
the building company. The chief of environmental department of the project shall fully
understand the meaning of the protection action plan before the start of the project and is
responsible for the explanation to the building organization. Project supervision organization
shall take environmental protection action plan as one of the evidences of the supervision, and
the project shall not be accepted if the environmental protection plan is not implemented.
Building organization shall designate specific personnel to take charge of environmental
protection action plan, formulate implementation plan and carry out the plan follow the action
plan time schedule.
驻马店市白云纸业有限公司清洁生产技术改造环境管理计划
87
10 Budget for Environmental Management Plan
See Table 10-1 and 10-2 for the budget of environmental management.
Table 10-1 Budget of Environmental Management Plan in Construction Period
Item Budget in operation period
(10 thousand RMB)
Capital
source
Environmental management institution operation
(including salary and working and traffic expense) 20
Construction
capital
Water quality
monitoring Laboratory analysis 10
Sample taking staff
salary 14
Water quality analysis
amount 24
Air quality and noise
monitoring Laboratory analysis 10
Sample taking staff
salary /
Air and noise
monitoring amount 10
Other monitoring expense 10
Supervision engineer budget 5
Environmental protection facilities operation 30
Environmental management total budget in
construction period 99
Table 10-2 budget of Environmental Management in Operation Period
Item Budget in operation period
(10 thousand RMB)
Capital
source
Environmental management institution
operation(including salary and working and
transportation expense)
20
Self-financin
g by
enterprise
Water quality
monitoring Laboratory analysis 15
Sample taking staff
salary /
Water quality analysis
amount 36
Air quality and noise
monitoring Laboratory analysis 10
Sample taking staff
salary /
Air and noise
monitoring amount 10
驻马店市白云纸业有限公司清洁生产技术改造环境管理计划
88
Other monitoring expense 40
Environmental protection facilities operation 250
Training budget 15
Environmental management total budget in
operation period 350
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