enterprise architecture & it infrastructure: an evolving art and science to bridge business and...

Enterprise Architecture & IT Infrastructure:

An Evolving Art and Science to Bridge

Business and ITVision and Reality

Minder Chen, Ph.D.CSU Channel Islands

Martin V. Smith School of Business and EconomicsMinder.Chen@CSUCI.EDU

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Big Picture

Business Strategy

Business Processes

IT Strategy

Business Capabilities

IT Solutions

Approach:

Cost/Value Analysis

Focus: Governance Portfolio Architecture Sourcing

Need: Resilience, Flexibility, Opportunism

Drivers: People, Process, Information, Relationships

Focus: “Processized” Analysis – Vocabulary Metrics

Context

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BSP: Business Systems Planning

Requirements Acquisition Stewardship Disposition

Resource Lifecycle

Planning Control

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Resource Life Cycle

Planning AcquisitionStewardship

(Control, Usage)Disposal

Summary Data

Planning data

Transaction data

Transaction data

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Four-Stage Life Cycle of Functions to Support Products and Services of an Organization

4-Stage LC Planning AcquisitionStewardship Disposal

Data generated

Planning data (Create)

Transaction data (Create)

Transaction data (R, U)

Transaction data (Delete)

MaterialMaterial

req. planning Procurement Warehousing & inventory control Selling

EducationCurriculum

planningCourse

sched. & enroll. Performance & grad. checking

Student graduation

People Human res. planning Recruiting Training

Promotion Eval. Retirement Termination

Equipment Capacity planning

Equipment

purchaseMaintenance

and repairEquipment

disposal

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Zackman Framework

Source: http://www.zifa.com/framework.pdf

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Methodology Lifecycle

Source: IBM Component Business Model

Via Heap Map

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Component Business Model

Dynamic capability Dynamic capability is defined as “the firm’s ability to integrate, build, and reconfigure internal and external competences to address rapidly changing environments”. The basic assumption of the dynamic capabilities framework is that today’s fast changing markets force firms to respond quickly and to be innovative.

Agile, sense and respond, reconfiguration, modularization

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The 5 Dimensions of a Business Component

• IBM Component Business Model

Resource-Based ViewDaft (1983) says: "...firm resources include all assets, capabilities, organizational processes, firm attributes, information, knowledge, etc; controlled by a firm that enable the firm to conceive of and implement strategies that improve its efficiency and effectiveness.“

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Heat Map

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IT Infrastructure

• “The hardware, software, and telecommunication/ networking systems or equipment together provide the underlying foundation to support the organization’s goals.”

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IT Infrastructure

• Cost allocation

Source: CISR Working Paper #329

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Stages in IT Infrastructure Evolution

Mainframe/Mini Computers

Personal Computer

Client/Sever Computing

Internet computing/Web-based enterprise applications

Cloud Computing / Mobile computing

60~70s

80s

90s

Late 90s~

Mid 2000s~

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Web-based IT Infrastructure

HTTP

TCP/IP

WWW

Internet

Run dynamicbusiness logic components

Software Applications

DBMSBrowsers

UserInterface

DataProcess

App.

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Mobile Device

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Mobile Computing

Source: 2011/9/28

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Technology drivers of infrastructure evolution

• Moore’s law and micro-processing power Computing power doubles every 18 months/2 years Nanotechnology: May shrink size of transistors to width

of several atoms Contrary factors: Heat dissipation needs, power

consumption concerns

• Law of Mass Digital Storage The amount of data being stored each year doubles

• Metcalfe’s Law and network economics Value or power of a network grows exponentially as a

function of the number of network members As network members increase, more people want to use it

(demand for network access increases)

http://www.emc.com/collateral/demos/microsites/idc-digital-universe/iview.htm

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Advancing Rates of Technology (Silicon, Storage, Telecom)

Smaller & faster & cheaper

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Data Volume 210 =1028

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Th

e In

tern

et o

f T

hin

gs

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CPM: cost per thousand page impressions.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cost_per_impression

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Platform Continuum

• Bring your own machines, connectivity, software, etc.

• Complete control• Complete

responsibility• Static capabilities• Upfront capital costs

for the infrastructure

• Renting machines, connectivity, software

• Less control• Fewer

responsibilities• Lower capital costs • More flexible• Pay for fixed

capacity, even if idle

• Shared, multi-tenant infrastructure

• Virtualized & dynamic• Scalable & available• Abstracted from the

infrastructure• Higher-level services• Pay as you go

On-PremisesServers

Hosted

Servers

Cloud Platform

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http://aws.amazon.com/

http://www.salesforce.com/

PaaS

Software as a service (SaaS)

Google AppEngine

Amazon's EC2 (Elastic Compute Cloud)

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Definition of Cloud Computing

• The NIST definition of cloud computing:

Cloud computing is a model for enabling convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction.

• The ability for end users to utilize parts of bulk resources and that these resources.

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Characteristics of Cloud Services

NIST identifies several characteristics for a service to be considered “Cloud”:

• On-demand self-service: The ability for an end user to sign up and receive services without the long delays that have characterized traditional IT.

• Broad network access: Ability to access the service via standard platforms (desktop, laptop, mobile etc).

• Resource pooling: Resources are pooled across multiple customers.

• Rapid elasticity: Capability can scale to cope with demand peaks.

• Measured Service: Billing is metered and delivered as a utility service can be acquired quickly and easily.

http://resources.idgenterprise.com/original/AST-0032300_Understanding_the_Cloud_Computing_Stack.pdf

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Characteristics of Architecture Stages