english reformation and the counter reformation
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English Reformation and the Counter Reformation
Pages 397-401
The English Reformation Henry VIII – DAD of the Anglican Church
Divorce: Henry wants one; Pope says NO!
Anglican Church: Henry is the boss; no pope!
Did away with the Catholic church’s wealth & power in England
•Born in 1491•Ruled England 1509-1547•Six wives
Henry VIII
Katharine of AragonWife #1Gave Henry first child, a daughter Mary
Anne Boelyn Wife #2 Executed on false charges of witchcraft & adultery; Her daughter Elizabeth would become England’s greatest queen
Jane Seymour; Wife # 3; Gave Henry a son, Edward; she died 12 days later
Anne of Cleves; Wife #4; Marriage annulled
Catherine HowardWife #5; After 17 months of marriage was arrested for adultery; Beheaded at the age of 20
Katharine ParrWife #6Loving stepmother to Elizabeth & Edward ; Remarried very quickly after Henry’s death
Henry VIII’s Three Heirs • King Edward VI- Ruled 1547-1553 when
he died at the age of 15 (Protestant)• Queen Mary I- Ruled 1553-1558; Known
as Bloody Mary for the execution of 300 Protestants in her efforts to restore England to Catholicism
• Queen Elizabeth I- Ruled 1558-1603; The greatest queen in the history of England
Important English Reformation Events
• Henry’s Church just like Catholic but no Pope; Catholics & Protestants both mad and want to be distinctly unlike the other religious group
• What would be a smart solution?• Elizabeth I – Combined Catholic styles with
Protestant teachings• Elizabeth I makes Anglican Church the official
church of all of Great Britain
COUNTER REFORMATION
Catholic Church Reformed Its
Society of Jesus, known as the Jesuits
Inquisition
No more Indulgences
Stop spread of Protestants
3 Chief Pillars of the Catholic Reformation
• The Jesuits• Reform of the Papacy• Council of Trent
• Society of Jesus• Founded by Ignatius of Loyola• Took a special vow of obedience to the
pope• Used education to spread their message• Sent missionaries out to restore
Catholicism
Jesuits
• It took the jolt of the Protestant Reformation to bring serious reform.
• Pope Paul III appointed a reform commission in 1537
• The commission blamed the Church’s problems on the corrupt policies of the popes.
Reform of the Papacy
Council of Trent• Began by Pope Paul III• Met in March 1545, in the city of Trent on the
border between Germany & Italy • Met on and off for 18 years• Upheld Catholic views of 7 sacraments, celibacy,
and the Eucharist. • Selling of indulgences was forbidden• Belief in purgatory & in the use of indulgences was
strengthened. • Roman Catholic Church unified under the
leadership of the Pope
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