english gcse exam papers & answers @ barnes method english a*

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Edexcel is one of the leading examining and awarding bodies in the UK and throughout the world. Weprovide a wide range of qualifications including academic, vocational, occupational and specificprogrammes for employers.

Through a network of UK and overseas offices, Edexcel’s centres receive the support they need tohelp them deliver their education and training programmes to learners.

For further information please call Customer Services on 0870 240 9800, or visit our website atwww.edexcel.org.uk

Acknowledgements

This specification has been produced by Edexcel on the basis of consultation with teachers, examiners,consultants and other interested parties. Edexcel recognises and values all those who contributed their time andexpertise to the development of GCSE specifications.

Authorised by Peter Goff

Publications Code UG 011894

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QCA approved specimen paper for examinations from June 2004

1203/2F

Edexcel GCSEEnglish APaper 2F – The Craft of the Writer

Foundation TierTime: 2 hours

Materials required for the Items included with these question papers:examination

Answer Book (AB12) Nil

The Edexcel Anthology.

Instructions to CandidatesYou need your copy of the Edexcel Anthology to answer the questions.In the boxes on the answer book, write the name of the Examining Body, (Edexcel) yourCentre Number, Candidate Number, the Subject Title, the Paper Reference, your Surname,Other names and Signature.Supplementary Answer Sheets may be used.

Answer one question from Section A, the question in Section B and one question fromSection C.

Information for Candidates

You are reminded of the importance of clear English and careful presentation in youranswers.

1203/2F

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Section A: Modern Poetry

Answer ONE question from this section.You should spend about 40 minutes on this question.

EITHER1.In Such a Time as ThisLook again at Hide and Seek and ONE other poem from In Such A Time As Thiswhich describes a memorable incident. How do the writers of these two poems helpyou to understand the events or incidents they describe?

For each poem, you should write about:• the details of the scene• the use of vivid language• the feelings of the people.

Support your answer with examples from the texts.

OR2.In Such a Time As ThisLook again at Half-Past Two and Electricity Comes to Cocoa Bottom. What do youlearn about the feelings of the children in these two poems?

For each poem, you should write about:• how the children feel at the start of the poem• how their feelings change through the poem• the use of language.

OR3.IdentityLook again at Warning and I Shall Paint My Nails Red. What impressions have youformed of the characters in these two poems?

For each poem, you should write about:• what you think of their views on life• the ways they show their independence• the use of language.

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OR4.IdentityLook again at Digging and ONE other poem from Identity. Show how the descriptions enableyou to picture the scenes.

For each poem, you should write about:• particularly vivid language• use of detail in description• the way feelings or atmosphere are created.

OR5.NatureNature has often influenced writers. Write about The Thought-Fox and ONE otherpoem from Nature in which a writer has used nature as a starting-point for his or herideas.

For each poem, you should write about:• the scenes described• the writer’s thoughts and attitudes• the use of language.

OR6.NatureLook again at Nettles and Thistles. What do you learn from each poem about thewriter’s view of nature?

For each poem, you should write about:• what each writer finds interesting in nature• the writers’ descriptions of natural objects• the effects the natural scenes have on each writer.

Total for Section A: 25 marks

1203/2F

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Section B: Non-fiction

You must answer the question in this SectionYou should spend about 40 minutes on this question.

7. Look again in the Edexcel Anthology at Gervase Phinn’s description of his visit to aschool in the Yorkshire Dales.What aspects of his visit would have pleased him as a school inspector?

You should consider:

• the setting and the atmosphere of the school• the quality of the teaching• the pupils’ achievements and their use of language.

Total for Section B: 25 marks

Section C: Writing to inform, explain, describe

Answer ONE question from this sectionYou should spend about 40 minutes on this question.

EITHER

8. Describe in clear detail a place that has played an important part in your life and explainfully why it means so much to you.

9. Your school is going to have a new building and the School Governors have decided itwould be a good idea to bury a time capsule to be opened in the distant future. They haveasked pupils to suggest five objects that might be included in the capsule to represent lifein the twenty-first century.

Write a letter to the School Governors explaining which five objects that you thinkshould be put in the time capsule, giving fully your reasons for choosing them.

Total for Section C: 25 marks

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1203/3F

Edexcel GCSEEnglish APaper 3F – Media (Unseen)

Foundation TierTime: 2 hours.Materials required for the Items included with these questions papers:examination :

Answer Book (AB12) One insert

Instructions to Candidates

In the boxes on the answer book, write the name of the Examining Body, (Edexcel),your Centre Number, Candidate Number, the Subject Title, the Paper Reference, yourSurname, Other names and Signature.Supplementary Answer Sheets may be used.

Answer the question in Section A, one question from Section B and one questionfrom Section C.

Information for CandidatesYou are reminded of the importance of clear English and careful presentation in youranswers.

You should have a newspaper article from The Daily Mail before starting this paper.

1203/3F

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Section A: Unseen Media

You must answer the question in this section.You should spend about 40 minutes on this question.

1. Read the article from the Daily Mail “800ft fall girl back on her feet in two weeks”.How successful is the article in explaining Sarah’s accident and making her recoveryseem remarkable? (Article included as an insert)

In your answer you should write about:

• the use of photographs and illustrations• the use of headlines and captions• the content of the article• the use of language.

Section B: Writing to argue, persuade, advise

EITHER

2. Write an article for a newspaper arguing your point of view on the topic:

Should school pupils aged 14 years and above be made to take part in sport?

You may wish to consider:

• the amount of time available in school• the range of team and individual sports offered• possible health benefits• any other relevant aspects.

3. Your school has introduced a charity week. During this week, money will be raised tosupport the work of a local or national charity. You are free to select a charity of yourown, for example a charity for the disabled or for disadvantaged children, or an animalcharity or a charity that supports a particular cause.

Write a speech to be given during a school assembly to persuade students to give moneyto your charity.

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You may wish to consider:

• the aim of your charity• the work it does• your reasons for supporting it.

Section C: Writing to analyse, review, comment

EITHER

4. At the end of the article Sarah Woodroffe says, “I know some people think it’s selfishbut it’s something I just have to do”.

Write a letter to the Daily Mail, giving your views on whether it is selfish to take part indangerous sports.

5. Most people have a sport or interest which they follow in their spare time. Write aboutone of your interests, giving your reasons for taking it up and commenting on thebenefits you have gained from it.

1203/4H

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1203/4H

Edexcel GCSEEnglish APaper 4H - The Craft of the Writer

Higher Tier

Time: 2 hours.Materials required for the: Items included with these question papers:examination

Answer Book (AB12) Nil

The Edexcel Anthology.

You need your copy of The Edexcel Anthology to answer the questions.In the boxes on the answer book, write the name of the Examining Body (Edexcel), yourCentre Number, Candidate Number, the Subject Title, the Paper Reference, your Surname,other names and Signature.Supplementary Answer Sheets may be used.

Answer one question from Section A, the question in Section B and one questionfrom Section C.

You are reminded of the importance of clear English and careful presentation in youranswers.

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Section A: Reading Modern Poetry

EITHER1.In Such A Time As ThisLook again at the poems Dulce et Decorum Est and The Send-Off. How does the writer’schoice of words in these two poems convey the strength of his feelings about the atmosphereand events portrayed?

In your answer you should make close reference to the language.

OR2.In Such A Time As ThisLook again at Electricity Comes to Cocoa Bottom and ONE other poem from In Such a Timeas This which has a sense of drama and excitement. How does the writer in each poemconvey strongly the feelings about the events described?

OR3.IdentityLook again at Miracle on St. David’s Day and at Old Man, Old Man. How do the writersshow the differences between the present and the past lives of the two old men?

OR4.IdentityLook again at Still I Rise and ONE other poem from Identity. In what ways do the writersreveal an independent viewpoint?

OR5.NatureLook again at Wind and AT LEAST ONE other poem from Nature to show how the wordsused create powerful imagery involving sight, sound or movement.

1203/4H

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6.NatureLook again at Trout and The Stag. In what ways does the writers’ choice of words createpowerful feelings in the reader about the natural scenes described?

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Section B: Non-fiction

7. Look again in the Edexcel Anthology at Stanley Stewart’s account of a Mongolianwedding (from In the Empire of Genghis Khan).

How does Stewart use language in an entertaining way to convey the strangeness of hisexperience?

Give evidence from the text to support your views.

You should answer ONE question from this section.You should spend about 40 minutes on this question.

EITHER

8. Your school is to be visited by a group of overseas students who speak good English.

You have been asked to contribute to a presentation for these students, describing anaspect of your area, school or community which they are likely to find different fromtheir own. You can choose your own subject, for instance a sport, custom or activity.

Write the script for the talk that you are going to give.

9. A new magazine is looking for feature articles for a section which will deal with strangeand unusual events. The Editor wants each article to be a balance between a descriptionof what happened, focusing on what was strange about the event, and an explanation ofwhat might have been the causes.

Write an article, following these strict guidelines, that could be submitted forpublication in this magazine.

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1203/5H

Edexcel GCSEEnglish APaper 5H – Media (Unseen)

HIGHER TIERTime: 2 hours.Materials required for the Items included with these question papers:examination

Answer Book (AB12). One insert

Instructions to CandidatesIn the boxes on the answer book, write the name of the Examining Body (Edexcel), yourCentre Number, Candidate Number, the Subject Title, the Paper Reference, your Surname,Other names and Signature.

Supplementary Answer Sheets may be used.

Answer the question in Section A, one question from Section B and one question fromSection C.

You are reminded of the importance of clear English and careful presentation in your answers.

You should have a newspaper article from The Mirror before starting this paper.

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Section A: Unseen Media

You must answer the question in this SectionYou should spend about 40 minutes on this question.

1. Read Clare Raymond’s article “Women in a Man’s World” which waspublished in The Mirror. (Article included as an insert)

What impression does this double page spread give of women at work in male-dominated jobs?

In your answer you should comment on:

• the content of the article• the use of headlines• the use of photographs• use of language in the first-hand accounts• any other features of layout and design.

EITHER

2. “Work experience should be compulsory for 14-16 year olds.”

Write an article for a newspaper arguing either for or against work experience.

3. “The school-leaving age should be raised from 16 to 18”

Write a speech to be given to members of your year group to persuade them to supportor oppose this idea.

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You should answer ONE question from this section.You should spend about 40 minutes on this question.

EITHER

4. Write about the advantages and disadvantages of one occupation which you areconsidering as your future career.

5. Consider a job which carries responsibility. What are the qualities a person would needto carry out the job effectively?

Edexcel Foundation is grateful for the co-operation of The Mirror in permitting the use oftheir publication in this examination.

Every effort has been made to contact the copyright holders. Edexcel Foundation apologisesfor any omission and will be pleased to make the necessary arrangements at the firstopportunity.

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1203/5H

Edexcel GCSEEnglish APaper 5H -Media (Unseen)HIGHER TIER

Insert: Article from The Mirror

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1204/2F

Edexcel GCSEEnglish BPaper 2F - The Craft of the Writer

Foundation Tier

Time: 2 hoursMaterials required for the Items included with these question papersexamination

Answer Booklet (AB12) NIL

Instructions to CandidatesYou need your copy of the Edexcel Anthology to answer the questions.

In the boxes on the answer book, write your centre number, candidate number,subject titles, the paper reference, your signature, your surname and other names.

Answer ONE question from Section A, the question from Section B and ONEquestion from Section C.

Information for CandidatesEach question will be marked out of 25.

You are reminded of the importance of clear English and careful presentationfor your answers. Supplementary answer sheets may be used.

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EITHER

1.In Such a Time as ThisLook again at Half Past Two and ONE other poem from In Such a Time as This.

Write about how each writer has used language to help you to understand:

• the characters’ feelings• the events described.

Support your answer with examples from the text.

2.In Such A Time As ThisLook again at Hide and Seek and Electricity Comes to Cocoa Bottom. How does each writerenable us to share in the experiences described?

For each poem, you should comment on:• the way in which the story unfolds• the use of words which help you to imagine the events• the use of the senses, especially sight and sound.

3.IdentityLook again at Digging and ONE other poem from Identity in which the writer presents ideason the past.

In these two poems, how do the writer(s):• present their views of the past• use language to express their ideas?

Support your answer with examples from the texts.(The two poems can be by the same writer)

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4.IdentityLook again at Warning and I Shall Paint My Nails Red.

How does each writer surprise the reader?

You should comment on:• how the women’s attitudes differ from those which might be expected• surprising choices of words• the pictures that are created by the words.

5.NatureLook again at Nettles and Thistles.

How effectively do the writers use these everyday plants to present their ideas?

You should comment on:• how each writer describes the plants• the writers’ thoughts about the plants.

6.NatureLook again at The Thought-Fox and ONE other poem from Nature where the writer has takena living creature as the starting-point of the poem.

How clear a picture is given of the appearance and movements of the creature in each poem?

You should comment on:• the use of vivid language• the detail in the description.

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Section B: Different Cultures and Traditions

You must answer the question in this sectionYou should spend about 40 minutes on this question.

Veronica and Country Lovers

7. The stories Veronica and Country Lovers look at relationships between men andwomen in Africa.

How are the women presented in these stories?

You may wish to consider:• the women’s backgrounds and education• their relationships with men• their relationships with children• words and phrases used to describe the women and their lives.

EITHER

8. Consider a situation when you felt you were treated unfairly. Explain fully whyyou felt your treatment was unfair.

9. You have been wrongly accused by a teacher of damaging equipment in a Sciencelaboratory.

Write a letter to your headteacher explaining why you should not have to do adetention and what you know about the incident.

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1204/3F

Edexcel GCSEEnglish BPaper 3F – Non-fiction (unseen)Foundation Tier

Time: 2 Hours

Materials required for the Items included with these Question papersexamination

Answer Booklet (AB12) NIL

Instructions to CandidatesIn the boxes on the answer book, write your centre number, candidate number,subject titles, the paper reference, your signature, your surname and other names.

This paper contains three sections: Section A: Non-fiction, Section B: Write to argue,persuade, advise and Section C: Write to analyse, review, comment.

Answer the question in Section A, one question from Section B and one questionform Section C.

You are reminded of the importance of clear English and careful presentationfor your answers.

1204 3F

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Section A: Unprepared Non-fiction

You should spend about 40 minutes on this question.

1.Read the passage called Kidnapped. What impression does Terry Waite give of the experienceof being kidnapped?

You should write about:• how Terry Waite begins to realise that he may himself become a kidnap victim• the dialogue between Waite and the kidnappers• the conditions in which Waite is held• what Waite tells us about his own thoughts and feelings.

Total marks for Section A: 25 marks

EITHER

2.Your friend has been offered the chance to attend a school abroad for a year. He is undecidedabout what to do.

Write a letter to your friend advising him whether to accept or turn down this opportunity.

3.“It’s better to have a job that’s safe, secure but boring, rather than one which appears moreexciting and glamorous”.

Write a speech for a classroom debate arguing either for or against this point of view.

Total marks for Section B: 25 marks

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EITHER

4.It has been suggested that for their safety, under seventeen year olds should be in their ownhomes by 9pm.

Consider the arguments for and against this suggestion.

5.Think about situations which have upset or embarrassed you. What do you think you learnfrom such experiences?

Total marks for Section C: 25 marks

1204 3F

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Unprepared passage printed on the examination paper

Terry Waite was sent from England on missions to persuade kidnappers to set their hostagesfree. On his final mission, Terry Waite became aware that this meeting was not going to plan.

Kidnapped

Suddenly, without warning, the driver pulled the car to the side of the road.“Why do we stop here?”“You must get out – we have a puncture.”I knew he was lying. It was obvious that we would change cars at some point.Why tell such a stupid and pointless lie? There was another car in front of us now, with twomen in police uniforms sitting inside.“Get into the back quickly.”The man in the suit sat beside me. “Now, I am sorry, I must blindfold you.”It wasn’t the change of car that worried me or the blindfold. I had expectedboth. It was the lie. From that point on I began to prepare myself for capture.We drove for half an hour or so. My companions exchanged words. I said nothing. It was asthough I had walked on to a track and all I could do now was to follow it wherever it led. Ihave no memory at all of my thoughts and feelings during that half-hour of darkness.Suddenly the car slowed. We turned into a side road, lurched through water-filled potholesand stopped. The door opened. “Get out please.”I stepped out of the car, guided by one of the party. From under my blindfold I could see anold apartment block. The southern suburbs? We walked a few paces towards the buildingand began to climb a flight of stairs. At the second floor, we stopped. A door was unlocked,and I was led through. I was conscious of other people in the room into which I was taken.“Mr Waite, I must ask you to change your clothes.”Again, I had expected this. It would probably be followed by another body search – even anexamination of each of my teeth. They were looking for locator devices, minute electronicinstruments which, I am told, can be implanted in the body to enable an individual to betracked. I removed my clothes and subjected myself to a search. A long gown and a pair ofslippers were then handed to me.“You must now wait some time. You can sleep. You must not speak.”Someone brought me a blanket. I slept fitfully. Throughout the night I was conscious ofpeople coming and going. I spent the whole of the next day blindfolded, sitting or lying on thecouch. In the evening the man in the suit returned.“Mr Waite, how are you?” “I am well. When will you take me to see the hostages?”“Later.”“How much later?”“Not long now.”He handed me a sandwich bought from a street trader.“Eat, Mr Waite. It’s good.”It was good. Pieces of chicken wrapped in bread. I ate it all.“Now, Mr Waite, we must go. Please stand up.”I stood.“You must do exactly what I tell you. You must not speak – understand?”“Yes.”

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Several people surrounded me, and someone tightened my blindfold and pulled it down overmy nose. People on either side of me took hold of my arms and led me across the room. Theapartment door was opened. I felt a cool draught of night air. It was very still – so still that Icould hear the breathing of the people around me. We waited – one minute, two, longer.Someone whispered. I was guided forward, at first slowly and then faster as we crossed acorridor.

Within a moment we had entered another apartment. I was led to a couch and told to sit.“You can sleep, Mr Waite.”“How long do I wait here?”“Not long.”

During the whole of the next day I dozed. More sandwiches were brought. Once I was givensome hot tea. I tried to assess my position. When I had agreed to visit the hostages I knewthat I was taking a very high risk. I took it because I felt I must do everything within mypower to help them and their families. If anything went wrong, I would have to carry the fullresponsibility. Up to now everyone had been polite. I had suffered no violence. I had beenblindfolded for a couple of days but had not been chained or secured in any other way.However, something was amiss.

12044H

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1204/4H

Edexcel GCSEEnglish BPaper 4H – The Craft of the WriterHigher Tier

Time: 2 hours

Materials required for the Items included with these question papers:examination:Answer Book (AB12) Nil

You need your copy of the Edexcel Anthology to answer the questions.In the boxes on the answer book, write your centre number, candidate number, subjecttitles, the paper reference, your signature, your surname and other names.

Answer ONE question from Section A, the question from Section B and ONE questionfrom Section C.

Each question will be marked out of 25.

You are reminded of the importance of clear English and careful presentation foryour answers.

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EITHER

1.In a Time Such as ThisLook again at Electricity comes to Cocoa Bottom and at The Darkling Thrush.

Comment on the ways the poets convey the feelings and attitudes of the people involved asnight approaches.

2.In a Time Such as ThisLook again at Dulce et Decorum Est and ONE OTHER WAR POEM from In Such a Timeas This. In what ways does the choice of words by the writer or writers suggest the tensionscreated in times of war?

3.IdentityLook again at Still I Rise. Consider how this poem and ONE OTHER from Identity exploreideas of freedom or the lack of it.

4.IdentityLook again at Miracle on St David’s Day and Old Man, Old Man.

In what ways do the writers present the problems of old age, and how sympathetic do you findtheir portrayals?

12044H

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5.NatureLook again at Trout and The Stag. How do the writers reveal a fascination with theappearance, action and movements of the subjects of their poems?

6.NatureLook again at Wind and AT LEAST ONE other poem from Nature.In what ways do the writers show the force of nature and its effect on human lives?

Total marks for Section A: 25 marks

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Section B: Different Cultures and Traditions

7. Country Lovers and Veronica

Relationships can be destroyed by circumstances and laws. How do the writers show theforces that lead to destruction in the two stories?

In your response you should refer closely to the texts.

EITHER

8.Your school’s careers adviser has asked for information about your achievements, yourambitions and your immediate plans. Write a series of paragraphs that the adviser will finduseful in guiding your future decisions.

9.The magazine section of a national newspaper is planning a series of articles under the title“Memorable Events”. Write an article describing an event which has made a lastingimpression on you, and explain how you were affected by it.

1204 5H

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1204/5H

Edexcel GCSEEnglish B

Paper 5H– Non-fiction (unseen)

Higher Tier

Time: 2 hoursMaterials required for the Items included with theseexamination: question papers:

Answer Booklet (AB12) Oneinsert

Instructions to CandidatesIn the boxes on the answer book, write your centre number, candidate number, subjecttitles, the paper reference, your signature, your surname and other names.

This paper contains three sections: Section A: Non-fiction, Section B: Write to argue,persuade, advise and Section C: Write to analyse, review, comment.

Answer the question in Section A, one question from Section B and one question formSection C.

You are reminded of the importance of clear English and careful presentation foryour answers.

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Section A: Unprepared Non-fiction

You must answer the question from this section.You should spend about 40 minutes on this question.

1.Read The Conquest of Everest. How does the writer convey the importance of whatthe two climbers achieved?

You should comment on:• the writer’s choice of detail and language• the actions and feelings of those waiting for news• the reactions of Hillary and Tensing.

EITHER

2.Write a letter inviting a friend to join you on a physically demanding holiday orexpedition. Your letter should convince your friend of the appeal of the trip.

3.“Taking part in dangerous activities is selfish and irresponsible.”Write a speech for a classroom discussion for or against this point of view.

EITHER

4.Think of an occasion when you felt a sense of achievement. Comment on theimportance of this occasion, reflecting on the lessons you learnt from it.

1204 5H

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5.It has been suggested that your school should offer a wider range of sports such ascanoeing, rollerblading or horse-riding. Write an article for a school magazine in whichyou examine the advantages and disadvantages of broadening the curriculum in thisway.

Total for Section C: 25 marksEND

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Unprepared passage printed on the examination paperThe Conquest of Everest, 29 May 1953

James (Jan) Morris

The successful 1953 Everest expedition was led by Sir John Hunt and approachedthe 29,002-feet-high peak from Nepal. Previous climbers had approached fromTibet.

It was a day for great news. Here in the camp on the north side of the Cwm there wasalready yesterday morning a tension, nerve-racking and yet deliciously exciting. At 9a.m. on the previous day, 29 May, the two summit climbers had been seen by theirsupport group, Gregory, Lowe, and a Sherpa, already crossing the South Summit atabout 28,500 feet, and going strongly up the final ridge.

The weather had been perfect, the gales of the preceding days which had so ravagedCam VII on the South Col had died down. Hillary and Tensing were known to be twoof the most powerful climbers in the world, and were using the well-tested open-circuitoxygen equipment.

Because of these several encouraging factors, hopes at Camp IV were dangerously high,and the feeling of taut nerves and suppressed wild convictions was immeasurablystrengthened when, just before lunch, five tiny figures were seen making their wayacross the traverse at the top of the face of Lhotse. They could only be the summit teamand their supporters from the South Col. They were moving fast, and in three hours theywould be in the Cwm. The map was now alive with stinging expectation. Here in thecamp Colonel Hunt sat on a wooden packing case, physically immobile, his waterproofhat jammed hard over his head, his face white with plastered glacier cream. Four orfive of the climbers vacantly fingered newspapers in the big pyramid tent. One man satoutside with binoculars reporting the progress of the descending party.

“They must be getting to Camp VI,” the watchers said. “They are hidden behind thatserac (ice-pinnacle) with the vertical crack in it – you know the one.” “Two of themare sitting down; now they are up again.” “Only another hour to wait. What are theodds?” At last, soon after 1.30, just as the radio was announcing the reported failure ofthe assault, the party emerged above a rise in the ground 300 yards or so above thecamp, their blue windproof jackets sharp and cheerful against the glistening snow.Hillary and Tensing were leading. All at once it was through the camp by the magicwireless of excitement that Everest had been climbed.

There was a sudden rush up the snow slope in the sunshine to meet the assault party.Hillary, looking extraordinarily fresh, raised his ice axe in greeting. Tensing slippedsideways in the snow and smiled, and in a trice they were surrounded. Hands werewrung ecstatically, photographs taken, there was the whirr of the cine camera, andlaughter interrupted congratulations.

Hillary and Tensing, by now old climbing colleagues, posed with arms interlocked,Hillary’s face aglow but controlled, Tensing’s split with a brilliant smile of pleasure.As the group moved down the hill into the camp a band of Sherpas cam diffidentlyforward to pay tribute to the greatest climber of them all. Like a modest monarch,

1204 5H

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Tensing received their greeting. Some bent their bodies forward, their hands clasped asin prayer. Some shook hands lightly and delicately, the fingers scarcely touching. Oneveteran, his pigtail flowing, bowed to touch Tensing’s hand with his forehead.

In the pyramid tent, over an omelette served on an aluminium plate, Hillary told thestory of the final climb. It was at 11.30 a.m., 29 May 1953, that they stepped at last onto the snow-covered final eminence of Everest.

Hillary describes this as “a symmetrical, beautiful snow-cone summit” – very differentfrom the harsh rock ridge which is all that can be seen from below. The view was notspectacular. They were too high for good landscape, and all below looked flat andmonotonous.

To the north the route to the summit on which pre-war Everest expeditions pinned theirhopes looked in its upper reaches prohibitively steep. Tensing spent the fifteen minuteson the summit eating mint cake and taking photographs, for which purpose Hillaryremoved his oxygen mask without ill effects. Tensing produced a string ofmiscellaneous flags and held them high, while Hillary photographed them. Theyincluded the Union Jack, the Nepal flag, and that of the United Nations. Tensing, whois a devout Buddhist, also laid on the ground in offering some sweets, bars of chocolate,and packets of biscuits.

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