energy resources unit powerpoint

ENERGY RESOURCES

Earth scientists have identified over 3000 minerals. These minerals are, however, NONRENEWABLE RESOURCES - their supply is limited and cannot be replaced.RENEWABLE RESOURCES, such as air, water and plants can be replaced within a human lifetime.

Mineral resources may be METALS(gold, silver, etc.) or NONMETALS (sulfur, quartz, etc.)

METALS: Can be identified by their shiny surfaces, ability to conduct heat and electricity, and tend to bend easily.

NONMETALS: Identified by their dull surface, poor conductors of heat and electricity.

Ores form in the crust in a variety of ways.

As magma cools, dense METALLIC minerals sink to the BOTTOM.

Layers accumulate and form ORE DEPOSITS within the hardened magma.

FORMATION OF ORES:

Some ores form through CONTACT METAMORPHISM.

Sometimes hot MINERAL SOLUTIONS spread through small cracks in rocks and form bands called VEINS.

LODE: A large number of thick mineral veins.

ORES & WATER:

The movement of water helps form ore deposits in TWO ways:

1. Streams carry fragments of minerals (i.e. gold) until they get DEPOSITED by weak CURRENTS. Fragments become concentrated and form PLACER DEPOSITS.

2. Water dissolves MINERALS in the earths crust, and then carry the dissolved minerals until it reaches a placer deposit where it accumulates.

JEWELRY - Sapphires, Rubies, DiamondsJEWELRY - Gold, Silver, PlatinumBUILDING MATERIAL - Calcite, Gypsum

USES OF MINERAL RESOURCES:

CONSERVATION OF MINERALS:

The only sure way to preserve mineral resources is through CONSERVATION. Use other, more abundant substances materials such as PLASTICS.Another way to conserve minerals is to RECYCLE them.

Fossil Fuels

-Because of their organic origin, COAL, PETROLEUM, and NATURAL GAS are known as fossil fuels.

- Fossil fuels consist primarily of compounds of CARBON and HYDROGEN called HYDROCARBONS.

COAL (FORMATION AND TYPES):

•A dark colored ORGANIC rock. •Formed from dead plants and other organisms•CARBONIZATION: Bacteria consuming buried plant remains, releasing methane and carbon dioxide, leaving only carbon behind.

PEAT: partial decomposition of plant remains. Brownish/black in color.LIGNITE: brown coalBITUMINOUS: soft coalANTHRACITE: hardest form of all coals.

FOUR STAGES OF COAL:

PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS (FORMATION AND DEPOSITS):Petroleum and natural gas are largely made up of HYDROCARBONS. Petroleum (oil) is LIQUID and natural gas is a GAS.

When ancient animals were buried in prehistoric OCEANS and LAKES heat and pressure build up. CHEMICAL changes eventually convert the remains into PETROLEUM and NATURAL GAS.

CRUDE OIL: unrefined petroleumPETROCHEMICALS: chemicals derived from petroleum, essential component of over 3000 products, products include: tar, wax, and plastic

USES AND SUPPLIES:

Nuclear Energy

NUCLEAR FISSION:

The SPLITTING of the NUCLEUS of a large atoms into two or more smaller nuclei. Only one kind of naturally occurring element can be used for NUCLEAR FISSION, this element is URANIUM-235.

1.U-235 is mixed with U-238 and formed into PELLETS.

2.The uranium is then shaped into rods called FUEL RODS.

3.Bundles of these FUEL RODS are bombarded by NEUTRONS.

4. When hit by a neutron, the fuel rod SPLITS and releases NEUTRONS AND ENERGY.

5. This starts a CHAIN REACTION and the split atoms bump into other atoms causing the fuel rods to get very HOT.

6. Water is pumped around the fuel rods to ABSORB & CARRY AWAY THE HEAT.

7. The resulting HOT WATER / STEAM then is used to turn TURBINES, to generate ELECTRIC energy.

Nuclear reactions are contained in a controlled environment called a NUCLEAR REACTOR.

DRAWBACKS:•WASTE PRODUCTS, which give off dangerous radiation•the RADIATION can destroy plants and animal cells and cause harmful changes in the GENETIC MATERIAL of living cells

NUCLEAR POWER IN NORTH CAROLINA

NUCLEAR FUSION:All of the energy that reaches the earth from the sun is produced by NUCLEAR FUSION. The NUCLEI of the smaller atom HYDROGEN are combined to create an atom of HELIUM.

ALTERNATE ENERGY SOURCES

Nations are looking into the use of ALTERNATE sources in order to find safe and RENEWABLE energy resources.

SOLAR ENERGY:DEFINITION ADVANTAGES DISADVANTA

GES

ENERGY FROM

THE SUN

•FREE•NON-POLLUTING

•EXPENSIVE TO PURCHASE EQUIPMENT•NOT IDEAL IN ALL LOCATIONS

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY:DEFINITION ADVANTAGES DISADVANTA

GES

ENERGY FROM THE HEAT OF EARTH’S

INTERIOR

•FREE•NON-POLLUTING

•EXPENSIVE TO PURCHASE EQUIPMENT•NOT IDEAL IN ALL LOCATIONS

RUNNING WATER:DEFINITION ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAG

ES

HYDROELECTRIC ENERGY;

ENERGY FROM THE

MOVEMENT OF WATER

•FREE•NON-POLLUTING

•EXPENSIVE TO BUILD•DAMAGING TO ENVIRONMENT•NOT IDEAL IN ALL LOCATIONS

TIDAL POWER:DEFINITION ADVANTAGES DISADVANTA

GES

ENERGY FROM THE

MOVEMENT OF TIDES

•FREE•NON-POLLUTING

•EXPENSIVE TO BUILD•DAMAGING TO ENVIRONMENT•NOT IDEAL IN ALL LOCATIONS

WIND ENERGY:DEFINITION ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGE

S

ENERGY FROM THE

MOVEMENT SPEED OF THE WIND

•FREE•NON-POLLUTING

•EXPENSIVE TO BUILD•DAMAGING TO MIGRATING BIRDS•NOT IDEAL IN ALL LOCATIONS