energy heat from biomass- state of art and best practice examples christian letalik (engineer of...

Energy

Heat from Biomass- State of Art and Best Practice Examples

www.renewables-made-in-germany.de

Christian Letalik (Engineer of Agriculture)C.A.R.M.E.N. e.V.

Content Overview

C.A.R.M.E.N. e.V.

Importance of Biomass in Comparison to other Renewable Energy Sources

Heat from Biomass - Sources / Markets / Prices - Best Practise Examples

Conclusions

C.A.R.M.E.N. e.V.

Central Agricultural Raw materials Marketing and

Development Network , registered association

Coordination office for renewable resources in Bavaria

Founded in1992, 70 members, 20 employees

Consulting, public relations and project management with

regard to energetically use of biomass

Project assessment and project evaluation for the Bavarian Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry

Further information: www.carmen-ev.de

Bavaria

C.A.R.M.E.N. e.V.

Sponsored BioEnergy-Projects Approx. 350 heat plants

500 kWth. to 13 MWth.

13 wood-Combined Heat and Power Plants40 kWel. to 10 MWel.

6 vegetable oil - CHPs5 kWel. to 200 kWel.

6 Biogas - CHPs15 kWel. to 250 kWel.

3 drying plants for animal food

● Heat Plants■ CHP▲ Drying Plants♦ Veg. Oil CHPX Biogas Plant

Content Overview

C.A.R.M.E.N. e.V.

Importance of Biomass in Comparison to other Renewable Energy Sources

Heat from Biomass - Sources / Markets / Economics / Prices - Best Practise

Conclusions

Energy crops, slurry organic waste

rape, sunflowerwood, forest residues,

wood pellets

gaseousflüssigSolid Biomass

MobilityHeat and electricity

liquid

Physical States of Biomass

Electricity and heat

Importance of Renewable Energy Sources – FRG in 2010

Source: Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety

Importance of Biomass – Final Energy Consumption

Source: Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety

Development of Biomass – Electricity Generation

Source: Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety

Development of Biomass – Heat Supply

Source: Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety

Importance of Renewable Energy Sources – Heat Supply

Source: Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety

58 bn. kWh from split logs (fire wood) in private households (= 2/3 of solid biomass)

= 20 Mio. tons/a !

Source: HDG Bavaria

Content Overview

C.A.R.M.E.N. e.V.

Importance of Biomass in Comparison to other Renewable Energy Sources

Heat from Biomass - Sources / Markets / Prices - Best Practise Examples

Conclusions

Shares of Residue Biomass Potentials in Germany

Source: Knappe et al. 2007

4,8% organic waste from households

Slurry 15,9%

13,1% forest residues

24,5% cereal straw

11,6% rape straw, beet and potato leaf

4,6% residues from the forest industry

9,8% waste-paper

7,7% used wood

Different Sources and Forms of Solid Biofuels

Traditional In Future?

Wood-pellets

Wood-chips

Split logs (fire wood)

Straw Grains

Miscanthus

Wood-Plantation

Wood Pellets; Number of installed Pellet Boilers < 100kW

Wood Pellets

► Characteristics :Diameter : 6 or 8 mmLength : 10 to 40 mmCal. value : 5 kWh / kgDensity : 650 kg/m3

Ash content :< 0,5 %

Use of Solid Biomass – Wood Pellets

Source: www.enendlich- viel-energie.de

Fully automatic central heating system with wood pellets

Pellet Market

Development of Pellet Production in Germany

Pellet Production Plants

Source: DEPV

Distribution of Biomass Heat and CHP Plants

0 <= 15

15 <= 25

25 <= 35

35 <= 100 kW

n = 52

0 <= 15

15 <= 25

25 <= 35

35 <= 100 kW

n = 343

0 <= 15

15 <= 25

25 <= 35

35 <= 100 kW

n = 119

0 <= 15

15 <= 25

25 <= 35

35 <= 100 kW

n = 486

Schleswig-Holstein

Hamburg

Niedersachsen

Bremen

Nordrhein-Westfalen

Hessen

Rheinland-Pfalz

Baden-Württemberg

Bayern

Saarland

Berlin

Brandenburg

Mecklenburg-Vorpommern

Sachsen

Sachsen-Anhalt

Thüringen

Hackgutanlage

Kaminofen

Pelletanlage

Scheitholzanlage

n = 1000 BavariaGermany: Distribution of small solid biomass boilers: Source: MAP Evaluation 2007/2008

● Heat Plants■ CHP Plants

Development of Prices for different Fuels

Biomass Heat Plant - System

heat exchanger

Biomass- BoilerWaste gas-preperation

Pump

Heating plant

Heating

Water-boiler

Accepter

supply network Primary Secundary

Biomass Heat Plant - System

Biomass plant with wood chip bunker

Different heat sinks with different annual curve and peak load

2100

800

hours per year

1.000 5.000 6.000 7.000 8.0002.000 3.000 4.000

Biomass Heat Plant - System

Peak load

Peak load

ground load

ground load

2100

800

hours per year1.000 5.000 6.000 7.000 8.0002.000 3.000 4.000

Biomass Heat Plant - System

Biomass Heat Plant – Economics

Recommendations (medium + large scale 0,5-5MW)

► at least 2.500 h full load for the biomass boiler

► more than 80 % heat production from biomass

► total invest < 7,5 * the current receipts for heat p.a.

► minimal proportion of heat demandto pipe length: 1,5 MWh/(m*a)

► example: 1 km of heat pipe should transport at least 1.500 MWh of heat to the clients;

0

200

400

600

800

1.000

1.200

1.400

1.600

030

060

090

012

0015

0018

0021

0024

0027

0030

0033

0036

0039

0042

0045

0048

0051

0054

0057

0060

0063

0066

0069

0072

0075

0078

0081

0084

0087

00

Stunden des Jahres

Structure of Costs for a Biomass Heat Plant

► Capital Investment (amount of annuity)► Investment for building (heating house, bunker, chimney) and heat pipe► wood chip fired boiler; fossil boiler for peak demand ► hydraulic systems, control technology ► pumps, compressor and other components► installation and commissioning► technical planning and design, building permission

► Consumption bound Costs► wood chips, heating gas oil, natural gas; ► electricity waste management

► Operating and other Costs► manpower costs for maintenance and repair, cleaning ► management, insurances, measurement of fume

Structure of Costs for a Biomass Heat Plant

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

2001 2005 2008

Ko

sten

ante

il [

€/M

Wh

]

25 Structure of costs

Fuel costs for biomass: ~ 35 %

Fuel costs for mineral oil: ~ 10 %

Costs for electricity: ~ 3 - 4 %

Capital costs: ~ 40 %

Operating costs: ~ 10%

Costs for waste disposal (wood ash): ~ 1 - 2 %

Content Overview

C.A.R.M.E.N. e.V.

Importance of Biomass in Comparison to other Renewable Energy Sources

Solid Biomass - Sources / Markets / Economics /Prices - Best Practise

Conclusions

Biomass Heat Plant in Altdorf near Nuremberg

Characteristics:►Heat demand: 3.000 MWh

► Wood Boiler : 850 kWth.

► Wood chips per year: 1.000 tons

► Replace 280.000 liters of fuel oil

► Clients: school buildings, gyms

public swimming pool intended

bunker

wood chip boiler

Number of Biomass CHP Plants

Number ofBiomass CombinedHeat and Power Plants is increasing continuously

Source: EEG Monitoring Report

40 plants < 0,5 MW el.

100 plants 0,5 – 5 MW el.

70 plants > 5 MW el.

210 plants with ∑ > 1.000 MW el.

Organic Rankine Cycle in Sauerlach near Munich

ORC Cogeneration Plant Sauerlach► heat and power generation

- electric output 480 kW(el.)- two wood chip-fired boilers with 6 MWth.

(4 MWth. ORC+ 2 MWth. ), economizer Ø 0,7 MWth.

- heating-/plant-oil boiler (peak load) 4 MWth.

- second (peak load) heating-oil boiler 5 MWth.

- electricity : ~2.500 MWh/a; heat: ~20.000 MWh/a- fuel need amount: 8.000 - 10.000 tons per year

► ~ 80% of heat production from biomass► planned in 2011: connection to geothermal plant

with 4MWth.

Organic Rankine Cycle in Sauerlach near Munich

ORC Cogeneration plant Sauerlach► utilisation of heat: 460 customers (from 12 kW up to

1 MWth.) in industrial area, housing estates, and communal buildings; ∑ (peak) load of the heat consumers 15,6 MW; pipeline length 23 km► investment costs until now

> 17.000.000,- incl. € 2.700.000,- state grants ► first idea in 1996, “sightseeing” in Austria in 1997► calculation, heat pricing and working out contracts in 1998/99► Customer acquisition and partial finance solution in 2000► detailed planning, apply for sponsoring and contracts in 2001► First groundbreaking in 2/2002; first heat supply in 9/2002 !!

Best Practice – Big Biomass CHP Plant

Combined heat and power plant Pfaffenhofen 26,7 MW FWL heat input

40.000 MWh el. electric power generation

120.000 MWh th. (low pressure steam and heat from 45° up to 130°C

for foodstuffs industry, brewery, hospital, offices, 150 clients...)

70.000 tons of natural biomass (up to 1.000 m3 per day)

Length of heatpipe: more than 12 km, Invest 41 Mio.€

Production Of Wood Chips

Source: IPF, Univ. of Karlsruhe THSource: www.haeckselzug.de

► From forestry residues in the Forest► Smaller entire trees or ► Smaller parts (treetops) of larger trees

Solid fuels „Production“ from Industrial Wood Residues

Source: Ass. of timber industry inBaden Württemberg, Germany

Sawdust

Crooked boles

Strands

Solid Fuels „Production“ from Wooden Garden Waste

Rotating screen machine in a

composting plant

Waste material from nature conservation

Source: Komptech

Professional preparation in one step with low speed shredder and star screen

Solid fuels „Production“ from wooden garden waste

Heat from Biomass – Biogas Plant

Schematic View on a Biogas Plant

Source: Biogas - an Introduction; FNR

Number of Biogas Plants in Germany

Source: German Biogas Association

Number of German Biogas Plants

Cumulative installed electrical capacity

Renewable Energy Source Act - 2009

Payment for Electricity from Biogas in Germany

Source: Biogas - an Introduction; FNR

Biogas Plant, Irlbach

● feeder, 2 digestors (2 * 1850 m³)• 1 storage (4000 m³)• CHP (530 kWe) + transformer• heat is used in a castle and for drying wood chips• substrates:

-farm slurry (sometimes)-distiller's wash (sometimes)-maize silage (20 tons/d)-grass silage (5 tons/d)-wheat (only corn) (1 ton /d )-wheat (whole crop) (4 tons/d)

Number of Biomethane Plants in Germany

Regional distribution of realized

and projected biomethane plants in

Germany; about 50 plants in 2010

(Source: www.biogaspartner.de)

Final Arguments for Heat from Biomass

regional added value and conservation of rural structures/employment

less environmental damage in case of accident

saving of fossil resources (we are running out of supplies)

reduction of emissions CO2

technically mature

short transport distances (versus oil and natural gas)

reduced dependence on the fossil fuel market

new market for otherwise unused fuels

new operation field for companies

Content Overview

C.A.R.M.E.N. e.V.

Importance of Biomass in Comparison to other Renewable Energy Sources

Solid Biomass - Sources / Markets / Economics / Prices - Best Practise

Conclusions

Possible Conclusions I

General Conditions in Ireland: Very few forest areas - in average up to 10% of total area - Promotion program for reafforestation from the EU; Timber harvest: 2008: 3,5 mio. m3 per year. Aim: 10 mio. m3 in 2030 Infrastructure (road network) is not yet fully developed , which is

relevant for harvest and transportation costs; Timber Industry is developing and growing

Economic Circumstances Prices for natural gas ? Prices for heating gas oil ? Debate on peat

Possible Conclusions II

Biomass heat plants: In regions without natural gas main and high demand for heat e. g.: hospitals, homes for the aged, public swimming pools, school

buildings, gymnasiums, playschools, offices, town halls, monasteries, hotels and restaurants etc.

the development of biomass heat plants should be proved !

CHP, Combined heat and power plants depending on prices for electricity from Renewable Sources (EEG?) should not be projected without heat sink or demand for steam in the

surrounding (max. 10 km) area of the plant, for example: any kind of food industries (brewery, creamery, slaughterhouse,

cannery etc.), drying plants for animal food, sludge and plants for pellet production, timber industries

Possible Conclusions III

Most important aim: ► The substitution of oil, natural gas and peat with ► local wood residues such as sawdust, ► wood chips from treetops etc. and ► bark originating from the forestry and timber industries by developing biomass heat and CHP plants in the near of heat sinks► Development of biogas plants near to heat sinks► Plants fed on available agricultural raw materials and residues such as slurry, straw and biowaste.

leading to economic and environmental benefits for the population of Ireland.

ÖNorm M 7133

Wood chip drying by heat from biogas – BEST PRACTICE!

Heat from Biomass

Christian Letalik (Engineer of Agriculture)

C.A.R.M.E.N. e.V.www.carmen-ev.de

Thank you for your attention !