emtl scan notes

ANU College of Engineering & Technology Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering

B. Tech IInd

Year I Semester

Faculty:

Mr. S NagaKishore Bhavanam Assistant Professor ANU College of Engineering & Technology Guntur - 522 510 Hello: +91-99895 41444 Email: kishore.ece.anu@gmail.com

ANU College of Engineering & Technology

Acharya Nagarjuna University

Nagarjuna Nagar, Guntur – 522 510

www.anu.ac.in

2012

Subject: Electromagnetic Field Theory & Transmission Lines

CONTENTS

TOPIC Pg.No

1. Introduction about Electromagnetics …………………………………………………………….. 1

2. Vector AnalysiS………………………………………………………………………………….. 1

Unit vector………………………………………………………………………………………… 1B

Vector Addition & Subtraction…………………………………………………………………… 2

Position & Distance Vectors …………………………………………………………………….. 2B

Vector Multiplication …………………………………………………………………………….. 2B

Dot Product……………………………………………………………………………………….. 3

Cross Product…………………………………………………………………………………….. 3

Scalar Triple Product……………………………………………………………………………... 3

Vector Triple Product……………………………………………………………………………..3B

Properties of Dot Product………………………………………………………………………… 3B

3. Coordinate Systems: Orthogonal………………………………………………………………… 4

Cartesian Coordinates……………………………………………………………………………. 4

Circular Cylindrical Coordinates………………………………………………………………… 4

Spherical Coordinates……………………………………………………………………………. 4B

4. Differentiation: The ▼ operator………………………………………………………………… 5

5. International System of Units……………………………………………………………………. 6

Elemental Units……………………………………………………………………………………6

Derived Units…………………………………………………………………………………...... 6

ELECTROSTATICS

6. Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………… 7

7. Coulomb’s Law………………………………………………………………………………….. 7

8. Electric Field Intensity…………………………………………………………………………… 8B

9. Problems…………………………………………………………………………………………. 9

10. Field due to a Continuous charge Distribution…………………………………………………. 10

11. Electric Displacement Density (D: Electric flux density)……………………………………… 10B

12. Gauss’s Law…………………………………………………………………………………….. 11

13. Examples………………………………………………………………………………………… 11B

14. Applications of Gauss Law……………………………………………………………………… 12

Point charge………………………………………………………………………………………. 12

Infinite Line charge……………………………………………………………………………….. 12B

15. Electric potential………………………………………………………………………………….. 13

16. Problems………………………………………………………………………………………….. 14

17. Relationship between E & V…………………………………………………………………….. 15

18. Problems………………………………………………………………………………………….. 15B

19. Energy density……………………………………………………………………………………. 16

20. Problems………………………………………………………………………………………….. 18

21. Convection & conduction currents……………………………………………………………… 18B

22. Dielectric constant……………………………………………………………………………….. 20

23. Linear, Isotropic & Homogeneous Dielectrics………………………………………………….. 20

24. Continuity Equation……………………………………………………………………………… 20B

25. Relaxation Time………………………………………………………………………………….. 21

26. Example…………………………………………………………………………………………… 22

27. Poisson’s and Lapalace Equations……………………………………………………………….. 22

28. Capacitance……………………………………………………………………………………….. 23

Parallel Plate Capacitor…………………………………………………………………………… 23B

Coaxial Capacitor………………………………………………………………………………… 24B

Spherical capacitor……………………………………………………………………………….. 25

MAGNETOSTATICS

29. Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………….. 26

30. Biot-Savart’s Law………………………………………………………………………………… 26

31. Ampere’s Circuit Law……………………………………………………………………………. 27

32. Applications of Ampere’s Law………………………………………………………………….. 28

Infinite Line Current……………………………………………………………………………… 28

Infinite Sheet of Current………………………………………………………………………….29

Infinitely Long Coaxial Transmission Line……………………………………………………… 29B

33. Magnetic Flux Density……………………………………………………………………………. 31

34. Maxwell Equations for Electrostatic & Magnetostatic Fields…………………………………… 31B

35. Magnetic Scalar & vector Potentials……………………………………………………………… 32

36. Force due to Magnetic Fields:……………………………………………………………………. 33

Force on a charged particle………………………………………………………………………. 33

Force on a current element………………………………………………………………………. 34

Force between two current elements……………………………………………………………. 34B

37. Inductances………………………………………………………………………………………. 35B

38. Magnetic Energy………………………………………………………………………………….. 37B

MAXWELL EQUATIONS (TIME VARYING FIELDS)

39. Introduction………………………………………………………………………………………. 39

40. Faraday’s Law…………………………………………………………………………………….. 39

41. Transformer EMF…………………………………………………………………………………. 40

42. Inconsistency of Ampere’s Law…………………………………………………………………. 40B

43. Displacement Current Density…………………………………………………………………… 41B

44. Maxwell’s Equations in differential Final Forms……………………………………………….. 42

45. Conditions at a Boundary Surface………………………………………………………………. 43

46. Word Statements of the Field equations…………………………………………………………. 46

EM Wave Characteristics –I

47. Introduction………………………………………………………………………………………. 47

48. Wave equation for a conducting medium………………………………………………………. 47

49. Wave equation for free space (Dielectric Medium)……………………………………………… 48B

50. Uniform Plane Waves……………………………………………………………………………. 49B

51. Relation between E & H in a uniform plane wave……………………………………………... 50B

52. Sinusoidal time variations………………………………………………………………………… 52

53. Wave propagation in a lossless medium………………………………………………………… 53B

54. Wave propagation in a conducting medium……………………………………………………… 54

55. Conductors and Dielectrics………………………………………………………………………... 55

56. Wave Propagation in good dielectrics……………………………………………………………. 55B

57. Wave Propagation in good Conductors………………………………………………………….. 57

58. Depth of Penetration……………………………………………………………………………… 57B

59. Polarization……………………………………………………………………………………….. 58

Linear Polarization………………………………………………………………………………… 58

Elliptical Polarization……………………………………………………………………………… 58

Circular Polarization……………………………………………………………………………… 58B

EM Wave Characteristics –II

60. Reflection by a perfect Conductor – Normal Incidence………………………………………….. 59

61. Reflection by a Perfect Conductor – Oblique Incidence……………………………………….. 61

62. Reflection by a perfect Dielectric – Normal Incidence…………………………………………. 64

63. Reflection by a perfect Insulator – Oblique Incidence………………………………………….. 65B

64. Brewster Angle……………………………………………………………………………………. 67B

65. Total Internal Reflection………………………………………………………………………….. 68B

66. Surface Impedance……………………………………………………………………………….. 69

67. Poynting Theorem………………………………………………………………………………….. 71

68. Poynting Vector…………………………………………………………………………………… 72B

69. Reactive Power…………………………………………………………………………………… 73

70. Power Loss in a Plane Conductor………………………………………………………………… 74

Magnetostatics

MAXWELL Equations (Time Varying Fields)