electronic resources
Post on 02-Jan-2016
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Bharat Kumar
Electronic Resources
Electronic Resources?
►A resource available over the Internet can be called ‘Electronic Resource’ or ‘e-resource’
Gail McMillan defines, “any serial produced, published and distributed via e-networks such as Internet, e-journals may be defined very broadly as any journals, magazines, e-zine, newsletter or type of e-serial publications, which is available over the Internet.”
History of E-Journals
Earliest JournalsEarliest Journals
1st scientific journal-like publication Jan 1665 Le Journal des Scavans Founded by M. de Sallo20 pages longContained 10 articles and some letters
2nd journal-like publicationLate in 1665Royal Society of LondonCalled Philosophical TransactionsMonthly journal of articles that recorded experiments of their member16 pages of 9 articles
The 1980’s – The Turning PointTechnological changes
►Technology began to be developed to allow for e-journals
Word processing Publishing software Introduction of the internet through LAN PC’s and workstations
►Telecommunication technologies improved Satellites Fiber optics General networking capabilities
Other factors►Journal prices doubled while library budgets
declined►Libraries worries about lack of library space
Technological improvements made it easier to store more information in a smaller space and to access that info more quickly
The 1990’s – The Internet
Changes EverythingJournal prices continued to increase annually while library budgets declined or had only modest increases
Libraries began to cut journals- publishers responded by offering electronic formats
World Wide Web emerges and brought together all the elements
-made e-journals approachable, accessible & affordableE-journals exploded onto the scene
September 1990 – Post Modern Culture – appeared (considered the first true electronic journal)July 1991 – “Directory of Electronic Journals and Newsletters” listed
30 electronic journals titles60 newsletters15 “other” titles
1995 – estimated 100 refereed e-journals
Need for E-Resources►Can be accessed remotely►Can be accessed by more than one
person at a time►Can be searched and saved digitally►There is no chance for mutilation /
disfiguring / tearing of pages►Do not requires physical acquisition /
receiving►Reduce staff work for shelving / binding►Do not require physical space to store►No missing issue(s)
Categories for E-Resources
►E-journals
►E-books
►Full Text (aggregated) Databases
►Indexing / Abstracting databases
►Statistical databases
Advantages
►Early publication
►Easily searchable
►Accessibility
►Links
►Remote Access
►provide more and more back issues that are fully searchable
Disadvantages
►Difficulty in reading on computer screen
►Archiving
Accessing E-resources
►IP authenticated access
►Log-In ID / Password
►Virtual Private Network (VPN)
E-Resources
Encyclopedia Britannica Quest Britannica Image PebbleGo http://www.pebblego.com/ Teen Health & Wellnes
http://www.teenhealthandwellness.com/ EbscoHost ProQuest Cengage Learning - INFOTRAC
Future of Electronic Journals
From a 1999 study by the ARL Directory of Scholarly Electronic Journals and Academic Lists
Selection of E-Resources►Identification of E-resources►Evaluation of Electronic Journals - Content - Currency - User Interface - Training Support - Response, Reliability and Availability - Statistical Reporting - Method of Access - Terms and Conditions of License
Agreement
►Purpose Of Subscription
Impact on Staff and Other Costs
► Infrastructure
►Space
►Administration/Management
►Staffing
►Technical Services
Effective Searching
of E-Resources
Searching for Information
may be as tough as this
Searching: Common Practice
Phrase searching
Example- History of Science in India
We should know that
Search is case insensitive many times,
need not to bother about capitalization
Connectives/ auxiliary words ( ‘of’, ‘in’ in
the above example) need not be
mentioned
Search Process
While searching we should:
Start with clarifying the subject, its
connotation and its ramifications
Be clear about the scope of the topic,
context, perspective
Express the question in terms
Standardize in terms of the search engine
Boolean Operators
Also known as Logical Operators Named after British born Irish
Mathematician George Boole Wrote about system of Logic From his writings Boolean operators
were derived
AND OR NOT
Boolean Operator : AND…
energy
solar + energy
solar
AND- must have both the terms- all-or-nothing operator- this operator is binary one- it has same concept as INTERSECTION in set theory
Boolean Operator : AND
When One Should Use:
-to connect two or more different concepts
together to find relationship between them
- to narrow down the search, telling the
database that ALL search terms must be
present in the resulting documents.
Boolean Operator : OR
When One Should Use-To connect two or more similar concepts
(synonyms)
-to broaden the search, telling the database
that ANY of the search terms can be
present in the resulting documents.
Boolean Operator : NOT…
NOT- retrieves only first keyword not the second
- limits the search
Boolean Operator : NOT
When One Should Use
i) To exclude keyword(s) from the search
ii) to narrow the search, telling the database to
ignore the concepts that may be implied by
the search terms.
Truncation and Wildcard
► Trancation and wildcards to retrieve variations of search terms
► truncation symbol (*) serves as a substitute for any string of zero or more characters
for example the search golf* retrieves articles containing the words golf, golfing and golfer(s), as well as golfball(s).
The wildcard symbol (?) serves as a substitute for one character or none
for example – organi?sation will search ‘organisation’ as well as ‘organization’
Boolean Logic Redux Different search engines handle Boolean
operators differently Some require the operators to be typed in
CAPITAL LETTERS while others do not Some search engines use drop-down
menu options
Implied Boolean Operators
Implied Boolean operators use the plus (+) and minus (-) symbols inspite of Boolean Operators
(+) or (-) sign in front of a word will force the inclusion or exclusion of that word in the search statement
Google Scholar: A Scholarly Search Service
Google Scholar…
Google Scholar…
Google Scholar…
Google Scholar…
Google Scholar: Making Complex Search
Google Scholar: Making Complex Search
Google Scholar: Making Complex Search
Google Scholar: Making Complex Search
Google Scholar: Making Complex Search
Google Scholar: Making Complex Search
Google Scholar: Making Complex Search
Formulation of Search Statement…
be specific think about the words that one can
expect to find in the body of the page and use them as keywords
whenever possible, use nouns and objects as keywords
put most important keyword(s) first combine keywords whenever possible
into phrases avoid common words
Formulation of Search Statement
Write down the search statement and
revise it before typing it into the query
box to get the relevant information
WASTED SEARCH
Information retrieval systems are powerful tools but their usefulness is limited by the ability of the searcher.
AVOIDING WASTED SEARCH
A good searcher should possess a variety of skills related to searching.
Self Confidence Patience and Perseverance Logical and flexible approach to problem
solving Spelling, grammar and typing skill
Thanks!
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