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Egypt

Where is Egypt?Egypt is in the North of Africa

It is in the middle of the Sahara Desert where nothing can grow but sand

………..but Egypt has the Nile

http://www.snaithprimary.eril.net/eggeo.htm

The Egyptians had one of the first civilizations in the world

Farming made the Egyptians rich. They built towns and cities and had a king called the Pharaoh

How do we know about the Ancient Egyptians?

They built temples for their gods and tombs They built temples for their gods and tombs They built temples for their gods and tombs They built temples for their gods and tombs for their Pharaohsfor their Pharaohsfor their Pharaohsfor their Pharaohs

They covered the walls of their tombs and temples

with pictures

They put furniture, food They put furniture, food They put furniture, food They put furniture, food and jewellery and jewellery and jewellery and jewellery into into into into the tomb with the pharaoh for his journey to the tomb with the pharaoh for his journey to the tomb with the pharaoh for his journey to the tomb with the pharaoh for his journey to the next world and because Egypt is hot and the next world and because Egypt is hot and the next world and because Egypt is hot and the next world and because Egypt is hot and dry, dry, dry, dry, these things did not rot awaythese things did not rot awaythese things did not rot awaythese things did not rot away

They made Mummies. Archaeologists can They made Mummies. Archaeologists can They made Mummies. Archaeologists can They made Mummies. Archaeologists can learn about the health of Egyptians such as learn about the health of Egyptians such as learn about the health of Egyptians such as learn about the health of Egyptians such as breathing problems because of the breathing problems because of the breathing problems because of the breathing problems because of the sand.sand.sand.sand.

Scribes were able to write. They wrote about laws and the religion

and gods of the people.

The River NileThe River Nile starts in mountains covered in

snow

Every spring the snow melts and the water flows into the Nile

When the water reaches Egypt, the river floods. floods. floods. floods. It leaves behind a rich dark soil

The Nile was a river, not a salty sea. The

ancient Egyptians could drink the water,

wash their clothes, and bathe (which they did

daily.)

Egyptian FarmersEgyptian FarmersEgyptian FarmersEgyptian FarmersThe rich dark soil was called “The Gift

of the Nile”

Egyptian farmers grew crops in this mud

They watered the crops with water from the river

Farmers grew figs, onions, pomegranates,

apples, beans, garlic, peas, radishes, spinach,

pumpkins, grapes, barley (for bread and

beer), and flax (used to make clothing.)

Herdsmen kept animals along the Nile marshes.

Cattle, oxen, sheep, and goats provided meat, milk, butter, hides, and dung as fuel for cooking.

Farmers had to give part of their crop to the Pharaoh. A scribe kept watch at harvest time and recorded the amount of crops

Some farmers kept bees. They used the honey to sweeten their food

The Flooding of the NileThe Flooding of the NileThe Flooding of the NileThe Flooding of the Nile

Everything centered around the annual flooding of the Nile.July–November Flooding Season

November - March Planting Season

March–April Harvest Season

They cut the ripe crops using a sickle and stored the grain in granaries

Papyrus

A wild plant called papyrus grew along the

riverbanks.

The Egyptians used papyrus to make paper,

boats, sandals, and baskets.

ShadufWater was carried from the Nile

in narrow canals. They used a Shaduf

to take the water from the canals to

spread them on the fields

Egyptian Houses

Egyptian HousesEgyptian houses were made of brick but the

brick crumbled away.

Archaeologists used pictures and other evidence to work out what houses looked like

Town Houses• Town houses were tall and narrow

• The family business was on the ground floor.

• The roof was flat and the family slept there in hot weather

Farm houses• Most Egyptians were farmers

• They were small with flat roofs for sleeping in hot weather

• They had very little furniture

• Each house had boxes and chests for storing valuables

Rich peoples houses• Rich people had bigger houses

• They had a high wall around it with gardens inside

• There was an open courtyard in the centre

• They had shrines to the gods

• The walls were often covered with paintings showing scenes from the life of the family

• They had beautiful furniture made from wood, gold and ivory

The Daily Life of an Egyptian

Daily LifeDaily LifeDaily LifeDaily LifeMen dressed in a white linen kilt.

They wore their hair short because of the heat.

On special occasions they wore wigsThey also wore Jewellery

Women• Women wore a long straight tunic• Their hair was long and straight• They wore makeup such as green and

black on their eyes and red on their cheeks and lips. The black was called kohl.

They wore They wore They wore They wore jewelleryjewelleryjewelleryjewellery like an Amulet like an Amulet like an Amulet like an Amulet

A small trinket or charm that was meant to protect the owner from evil spells or actions.

Spare timeThey loved to play music and

sing and had an instrument like a harp. They also played flute which were first made of reed and later bronze

GamesGamesGamesGamesThey also played games like ludo and senetsenetsenetsenetArchaeologists fond many board games buried in

tombs

King Tut was buried with 4 Senet boards. They were made of ivory and ebony. They were made with a drawer for game pieces and stood on 4 legs carved like bull's feet. More commonly, the board was made of plain, undecorated wood. The pieces would have been made of stone or wood. Almost all boards were made with a drawer.

ScribesThe first Egyptian writing was

picture writing.Each word had a matching

picture. It changed over time to represent letters. They were called Hieroglyphs.

Only a few people knew how to read or write. They were called scribes. To become one you had to study for many years.

They wrote on a kind of paper called made from papyruspapyruspapyruspapyrus, a reed that grows on the Nile.

Their pens were made form a sharpened reed called a stylusstylusstylusstylus

Scribes wrote laws, prayers and records of taxes.

They had to oversee when a farmer was harvesting to make sure the Pharaoh got his cut

The Rosetta Stone

• For many years no one knew how to read Hieroglyphs

• A French soldier found a stone with both Greek and hieroglyphs on it in a town called Rosetta.

• Using this stone they were able to crack the code.