effects of urbanization on the ecosystem
Post on 12-Apr-2017
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EFFECTS OF URBANIZATION ON THE
ECOSYSTEM
PRESENTED BY
HOPESON ELI ETSRA
PRESENTATION OUTLINE
• Introduction
• Effects of Urbanization
• Effect of Urbanization on the Ecosystem
• Conclusion
• Recommendation
INTRODUCTION
• Urbanization is a population shift from rural to urban areas
• Towns and cities are formed and become larger as more people live and work in these cities.
• Large areas of land and vegetations are cleared to put up residential and industrial structures.
• Ecosystem is a biological community of interacting organisms and their environment
CLEARING LAND AND WATER FOR URBANIZATION
Source: www.youtube.com
CLEARING OF LAND FOR URBANIZATION
Source: ghanabusinessnews.com
“The impacts of urbanization on native species are
poorly studied, but educating a highly urbanized
human population about these impacts can greatly
improve species conservation in all Ecosystems.”
(McKinny 2002)
EFFECTS OF URBANIZATION
• Economic Effects
- Employment
- High cost of living
• Social Effects
- Provision of institutions like hospitals, banks and schools
- Increase crime rates
- Living in slums
EFFECTS OF URBANIZATION (CONT’D)
• Health Effects
- Poor Sanitation
- Outbreak of contagious diseases
• Environmental Effects
- Urban heat islands
- Pollution
EFFECT OF URBANIZATION ON THE ECOSYSTEM
Habitat destruction (Terrestrial and aquatic)
• Terrestrial
- Loss of existing vegetation
- Fragmentation of habitats and vegetation
- Competition for resources
• Aquatic
- Building on water bodies
- Construction of bridges
- Release of pollutants from construction sites into water bodies
Pollution (Water, Air, Land, Heat and Noise)
• Water pollution
- Pollution during construction and waste disposal
- Eutrophication
• Air pollution
-The quality of air is affected and this can result in respiratory
diseases
-The release of gases like sulphur and nitrogen into the atmosphere
can result in acid rain through reaction with atmospheric water
• Land pollution
- Landfill sites
- Leakages from underground fuel and septic tanks
• Heat pollution
- Urban heat islands
- Release of hot fluids into water bodies
• Noise pollution
- Traffics
-Hawkers
- Industries
-Households
SOLID WASTE PROBLEM IN URBAN AREAS
Source: greenghanaianwordpress.com
AIR POLLUTION
Source: jtongo0724.wordpress.com
FLOODING IN URBAN AREAS
Source: thebritishgeographer.weebly.com
According to McKinny (2002), studies has shown that animal species are most affected by urbanization. He stated that the level of urbanization determines the effect on the ecosystem. He concluded that moderate urbanization rather increase species richness in plant because of introduction by human activities, but this reduces with high levels of urbanization and disturbance.
CONCLUSION
• Urbanization is of great importance to the economy, but must be controlled
• The impacts of urbanization are very significant on the ecosystem
• There should be measures to reduce the effects of urbanization on the environment.
RECOMMENDATIONS
• Infrastructural development at rural areas
• Enforcement of environmental standards
• New and better agricultural techniques
• Education
THANK YOU !
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