ed5 kk - chapter 4 data sampling

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Chapter 4

Sampling andInvestigating

Hard Data

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Major Topics

Sampling

Hard data

Qualitative document analysis Worko! analysis

"usiness process reengineering

#rchival documents

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Sampling

Sampling is a process o$ systematicallyselecting representative elements o$ a

population

Involves t!o key decisions

Which o$ the key documents and We% sitesshould %e sampled

Which people should %e intervie!ed or sent&uestionnaires

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'eed $or Sampling

 The reasons systems analysts dosampling are

(eduction o$ costs

Speeding up the data)gathering process

Improving e*ectiveness

(eduction o$ data)gathering %ias

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Sampling Design Steps

 To design a good sample+ a systemsanalyst needs to $ollo! $our steps,

Determining the data to %e collected ordescri%ed

Determining the population to %e sampled

Choosing the type o$ sample Deciding on the sample si-e

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 Types o$ Sampling

 There are $our types o$ sampling

Convenience .urposive

Simple random

Comple/ random

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Hard Data

In addition to sampling+ investigation o$ hard datais another e*ective method $or systems analysts togather in$ormation

Hard data can %e o%tained %y #naly-ing &uantitative documents such as

records used $or decision making

.er$ormance reports (ecords Data capture $orms 0commerce and other transactions

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Qualitative Documents

0/amine &ualitative documents $or the

$ollo!ing,

1ey or guiding metaphors

Insiders vs2 outsiders mentality

What is considered good vs2 evil

3raphics+ logos+ and icons in common areasor We% pages

# sense o$ humor

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#naly-ing Qualitative Documents

Qualitative documents include

Memos Signs on %ulletin %oards

Corporate We% sites

Manuals

.olicy hand%ooks

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Worko! #nalysis

Worko! analysis may reveal signs o$ largerpro%lems+ such as

Data or in$ormation doesnt o! as intended "ottlenecks in the processing o$ $orms #ccess to online $orms is cum%ersome 5nnecessary duplication o$ !ork occurs %ecause

employees are una!are that in$ormation isalready in e/istence

0mployees lack understanding a%out theinterrelatedness o$ in$ormation o!

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"usiness .rocess (eengineering

"usiness process reengineeringso$t!are includes the $ollo!ing $eatures,

Modeling o$ the e/isting system

#nalysis o$ possi%le outcomes

Simulation o$ proposed !ork o!

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#rchival Documents

# systems analyst may o%tain somevalua%le in$ormation %y a%stracting

data $rom archival documents

3enerally+ archival documents arehistorical data+ and they are preparedand kept %y someone else $or speci6cpurposes

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3uidelines $or #%stracting #rchivalData

7ragment data into su%classes and make cross)checks to reduce errors

Compare reports on the same phenomenon %ydi*erent analysts

(eali-e the inherent %ias associated !ith

original decisions to 6le+ keep+ or destroyreports

5se other methods to o%tain data