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MILLENNIUM ECOSYSTEM ASSESSMENT

ECOSYSTEMS ANDHUMAN WELL-BEINGWETLANDS AND WATER

Synthesis

MA

Harold A. Mooney ( )

Angela Cropper (

)

Doris Capistrano

Stephen R. Carpenter

Kanchan Chopra

Partha Dasgupta

Rashid Hassan Pretoria

Rik Leemans Wageningen

Robert M. May

Prabhu Pingali

Cristián Samper

Robert Scholes

Robert T. Watson ( )

A.H. Zakri ( )

José Sarukhán

Anne Whyte Mestor

Walter V. Reid

Robert Watson

A.H. Zakri

Salvatore Arico

Peter Bridgewater

Hama Arba Diallo

Adel El-Beltagy

Max Finlayson

Colin Galbraith

Erica Harms

Robert Hepworth

Olav Kjørven

Kerstin Leitner

Alfred Oteng-Yeboah

Christian Prip

Mario Ramos

Thomas Rosswall

Achim Steiner

Halldor Thorgeirsson

Klaus Töpfer

Jeff Tschirley

Riccardo Valentini

Hamdallah Zedan

Fernando Almeida

Phoebe Barnard

Gordana Beltram

Delmar Blasco

Antony Burgmans

Esther CamacAsociación Ixä Ca

Vaá de Desarrollo InformaciónIndigena

Angela Cropper

Partha Dasgupta

José María FigueresFoundación Costa

R i c a p a r a e l D e s s a r o l l oSostenible

Fred Fortier

Mohamed H.A. Hassan( )

Jonathan Lash

Wangari Maathai

Paul MaroDar es Salaam

Harold Mooney

Marina Motovilova

M.K. PrasadK e r a l a S a s t r a S a h i t y a

Parishad

Walter V. Reid

Henry Schacht

Peter Johan ScheiFridtjof Nansen

Ismail Serageldin

David Suzuki

M.S. SwaminathanMS Swaminathan

José GalíziaTundisi

Axel WenbladSkanska AB

Muhammad Yunus

Grameen

1971

C. Max Finlayson, Rebecca D’Cruz Nick Davidson

Jacqueline Alder, Steve Cork, Rudolf de Groot, Christian Lévêque, G. Randy Milton, Garry Peterson,Dave Pritchard, Blake D. Ratner, Walter V. Reid, Carmen Revenga, Mar’a Rivera, Frederik Schutyser, Mark

Siebentritt, Mishka Stuip Rebecca Tharme

Stuart Butchart, Ellen Dieme-Amting, Habiba Gitay, Steve Raaymakers Douglas Taylor

MA

José Sarukhán Anne Whyte ( ) MA

Millennium Ecosystem Assessment 2005.ECOSYSTEMS A N D HU M A N WELL-BEING: WETLANDS A N D WATER Synthesis.World Resources Institute, Washington, DC.

© 2005

10 G Street NE, Suite 800, Washington, DC 20002

Ecosystems and human well-being : wetlands and water synthesis : areport of the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. p. cm.ISBN 1-56973-597-21. Wetland ecology. 2. Wetlands. 3. Wetland conservation. I.Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (Program)QH541.5.M3E275 2005333.91’816—dc222005030935

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36

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37

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43

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Response to Imposed Flow Transformation7.2

Instream Flow Incremental Methodology

Catchment Abstration Management Strategies

R7.2

57

MA C20.6

MA MA

M A

M A

M A

58

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Response to Imposed Flow Transformation DRIFT

Physical Habitat

Simulation Model

59

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61

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MA

MA

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63

R7.3.1

7.6

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3

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1993 6 Ministerial Council

1995

1997 7 1

64

7 .7

R18

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RW G

65

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2001 20033 240

66

2000 1/3

2002 6220%

2 10 0.2

67

CBDCOP DRIFT

G R o W I

ICZMIRBMIUCNM AMDGNGOOECDRBOSTRP

UNCCD

UNEPWWF

M A

H.M. MacKay P.J.Ashton M.Neal A. Weaver

The Water ResearchCommission’s Investment Strat-egy for the Crosscutting Domain:Water in the Environment

[ Pretoria2004 Pretoria South

A f r i c a : W a t e r R e s e a r c hCommission 2004 ]KV148/04

B.D. Ratner DongThanh Ha Mam Kosal AyutN i s s a p a S o m p h a n hChanphengxay

2004

Undervaluedand Overlooked: Sustaining Ru-ral Livelihoods through BetterGovernance of Wetlands Studies

and Rev i ew Ser i e s . Penang Malaysia: World Fish

Centre 2004

MA

N.Meyers J.KentPerverse

Subsidies [2001 Washington DC:

Island Press 2001 ]

68

CF CWG SWG RWGSGWG ES

CF.1CF.2CF.3CF.4

CF.5CF.6

CF.7CF.8

SDMC.01 MAC.02

C.03

C.04C.05C.06C.07C.08C.09C.10

C.11C.12C.13C.14

C.15C.16

C.17C.18C.19

C.20C.21C.22C.23C.24C.25C.26C.27C.28

SDMS.01 MAS.02S.03S.04

S.05

S.06 MAS.07

S.08 4 S.09 4

S.10 4 S.11 4 S.12S.13S.14

SDM R.01R.02R.03R.04R.05R.06

R.07R.08R.09R.10

R.11R.12R.13R.14R.15R.16R.17

R.18R.19

SDMSG.01 MASG.02 MASG.03

SG.04SG.05

SG.06SG.07SG.08

SG.09

SG.10SG.11SG.12

CIMMYT 2002

Meridian Institute

RIVM 2004

SCOPE

University of Pretoria

University of Wisconsin aaaaa Madison

WRI

Emmanuelle Bournay and Philippe Rekacewicz

Ha Tuong/UNEP/Still Pictures

UNEP/Still Pictures

49

Julio Montes de Oca

UNEP/Still Pictures

MGMGHLANYINT/UNEP/Still Pictures

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