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Special Eurobarometer 352
Europeans, development aid and the Millennium Development Goals
Fieldwork: June 2010
Publication: September 2010
Spe
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This survey was requested by the European Commission’s Directorate-General for Development and Relations with African, Caribbean and Pacific States and coordinated by the Directorate-General for Communication (“Research and Speechwriting" Unit). This document does not represent the point of view of the European Commission. The interpretations and opinions contained in it are solely those of the authors.
European Commission
Special Eurobarometer 352
Europeans, development aid and the Millennium Development Goals
Conducted by TNS Opinion & Social at the request of the European Commission’s Directorate-General
for Development and Relations with African, Caribbean and Pacific States
Survey co-ordinated by the Directorate-General for
Communication
TNS Opinion & Social Avenue Herrmann Debroux, 40
1160 Brussels Belgium
Special EUROBAROMETER 352 “EUROPEANS, DEVELOPMENT AID AND THE MDGs”
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...............................................................................................2
1. DESPITE THE ON-GOING ECONOMIC CRISIS, THE IMPORTANCE OF
DEVELOPMENT AID REMAINS HIGH............................................................8
2. WORKING TOGETHER BRINGS ADDED VALUE...........................................13
3. EUROPEANS ARE PERSONALLY COMMITTED BUT AT DIFFERENT LEVELS..17
4. POVERTY AND ECONOMIC CRISIS: KEY CHALLENGES...............................25
5. INCREASING DEVELOPMENT AID ENDORSED BUT MORE CAUTIOUSLY
THAN BEFORE...........................................................................................31
6. EU TRADE AND FINANCE MEASURES AS WELL AS PEACE BUILDING
POLICIES SUPPORT DEVELOPING COUNTRIES .........................................39
7. LARGE INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATIONS SEEN AS BEST PLACED TO
GIVE HELP ................................................................................................44
CONCLUSIONS...............................................................................................51
ANNEX
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
QUESTIONNAIRE
TABLES
Special EUROBAROMETER 352 “EUROPEANS, DEVELOPMENT AID AND THE MDGs”
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INTRODUCTION
This report examines European public opinion on development policy in general and
the EU’s role as aid donor in particular. Over 26,500 people living in the 27 EU
member states were surveyed in June 20101.
The results of the survey can be seen as a barometer of current European attitudes
toward development in view of two forthcoming events:
• A UN Summit on the Millennium Development Goals2 will take place in
September 2010, just five years ahead of the 2015 deadline of achieving the
Millennium Development Goals. The 8 Millennium Development Goals were set
by world leaders in the year 2000. This survey gauges the commitment of the
European public at the moment when – with 5 years to go – achievement of the
MDGs seems to be in jeopardy. Whilst some – MDG 1 eradication of poverty and
MDG 2 access to primary education – seem to be on track, others are far from
the target. In particular MDG 5 – 'to reduce by three quarters the maternal
mortality rate' – is way off track with 1,500 women dying every day of
complications relating to pregnancy and childbirth; 95 per cent of these deaths
occur in Africa or in Asia.
• Review of EU development policy: In autumn 2010, the European
Commission will issue a Green Paper on the ‘Future of Development
Policy’. This present survey pinpoints some of the challenges that EU policy
makers are facing particularly in communicating the EU’s contribution in this
area to the general public.
This present publication continues a series of reports exploring European awareness
of development cooperation issues since 2004. The last two surveys3 have been
carried out in the context of the worst world economic slump since the 1930’s.
1 Full methodological information can be found in the Technical Note annexed to the end of this report.
2 http://www.un.org/en/mdg/summit2010/index.shtml
3 The most recent study was published in October 2009: Special Eurobarometer 318 ‘Development Aid in
Times of Economic Turmoil’ in http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_318_en.pdf
Special EUROBAROMETER 352 “EUROPEANS, DEVELOPMENT AID AND THE MDGs”
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While countries are fighting against soaring unemployment rates and introducing
austerity measures in order to restore growth, development aid was expected to be
one of the evident ‘scapegoats’ losing importance when the minds of Europeans are
occupied with issues closer to home.
The current study took place against the background of significant public concerns
about the stability of European economies, triggered by the sovereign debt crisis in
Greece and the responses of the EU and Member State governments. This is in
contrast to the 2009 study where the focus of public attention was more on the
global effects of the financial crisis and looking for the first signs of economic
recovery in Europe.
Despite the economic context the results of this study show that Europeans remain
staunch supporters of development aid and they continue to back the EU strategy
of increasing development aid as promised. Outside official development aid
programmes, 30% of Europeans participate personally in helping poor countries
either by donating money or volunteering in relevant organizations.
This is not to say that the economic turmoil is passing without a trace. While the
generic indicator of perceived importance measuring the value basis of
development aid shows a positive change since 2009, the more concrete question
on the acceptable level of EU development aid reveals that, when it comes to
money, people are not as willing as they were 12 months ago to pass it to poorer
countries. Furthermore, the economic crisis is cited as the second most serious
problem facing the developing world, ahead of more fundamental and far-reaching
humanitarian needs such as food and health issues – perhaps shortsightedly
reflecting European domestic struggles rather than a real understanding of
problems in the developing world.
This survey also reconfirms the ‘communication challenge’ that the EU seems to be
facing when it comes to its visibility and conspicuousness as a development aid
actor. Even with the strong support and pro-EU cooperation stance of the European
public, the largest aid donor of the world is still under-recognised by its citizens.
Also a significant share – 21% - of Europeans remains indifferent when it comes to
helping the developing world.
Special EUROBAROMETER 352 “EUROPEANS, DEVELOPMENT AID AND THE MDGs”
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All things considered it can be said that the strong ethical value basis of European
development aid is largely unaffected by economic cycles; Europeans feel
responsible for helping their more disadvantaged counterparts. Yet, when the gaze
of Europeans is turned to domestic struggles, fewer are ready to concretely act on
development aid challenges than in periods of economic prosperity.
* * *
The report details the EU-wide findings as well as country-by-country breakdowns.
Where relevant, comparisons are made with previous surveys and background data
is introduced to place the results in the wider socio-economic context. Socio-
demographic variables are also taken into account in the analysis.
In this report, the countries are represented by their official abbreviations. The
abbreviations used in this report correspond to:
ABBREVIATIONS
EU27 European Union – 27 member states
EU15 The fifteen member states that were EU Members prior to the accession of ten
candidate countries on 1 May 2004
NMS12 The twelve member states that became EU Members in the 2004 or 2007
enlargement waves are referred to as NMS12 (New member states 12)
DK/NA Don’t know / No answer
BE Belgium
BG Bulgaria
CZ Czech Republic
DK Denmark
DE Germany
EE Estonia
EL Greece
ES Spain
FR France
IE Ireland
IT Italy
CY Republic of Cyprus
LT Lithuania
LV Latvia
LU Luxembourg
HU Hungary
MT Malta
Special EUROBAROMETER 352 “EUROPEANS, DEVELOPMENT AID AND THE MDGs”
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NL The Netherlands
AT Austria
PL Poland
PT Portugal
RO Romania
SI Slovenia
SK Slovakia
FI Finland
SE Sweden
UK The United Kingdom
The question being analysed is presented at the beginning of each chapter. As
Eurobarometer is an omnibus survey, i.e. each wave includes several topics, the
position of each theme is indicated by a letter in the question number (‘A’ refers to
the first topic, ‘B’ to the second topic, etc.). In this report, the letter ‘D’ in the
question number refers to the position of this particular theme among other topics.
Special EUROBAROMETER 352 “EUROPEANS, DEVELOPMENT AID AND THE MDGs”
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MAIN FINDINGS
High importance attached to development: 89% of Europeans attach a high
value to development cooperation with 45% finding it very important and 44%
fairly important. This is broadly in line with findings from earlier studies although
the proportion saying it is very important has increased from 39% in 2009.
Strong support for EU cooperation: Three-quarters (76%) of Europeans believe
that there is added value in EU countries working together on helping developing
countries.
A significant segment of the population personally contributes to aid but
many remain bystanders: 30% of the European public participates concretely in
helping poor countries either by donating money (26%) or volunteering in a
relevant organisation (4%). However, the largest segment of the population remain
bystanders: 42% support the goal without personal input and 21% express
indifference to development cooperation.
Poverty named as the number one problem in the developing world: Along
with the priorities of the Millennium Development goals, 42% cite poverty as the
most imminent problem faced by the developing world, thus instinctively choosing
MDG 1 – the eradication of extreme poverty and hunger – as the main challenge.
Poverty was also seen as the biggest challenge in 2009 (cited by 50%).
Citizens continue to back the EU’s commitment of increasing aid: Exactly a
half of the poll (50%) think that aid should be increased in line with the target set
by the EU, while 14% would increase aid even beyond this. A non-negligible
proportion (29%) is, however, ready to give up the promise. Although the majority
(64%) still think that aid should be increased, this proportion has declined from
2009 (72%).
The positive impact of other EU policies in developing countries
recognised: 43% of the European public believe that EU trade and finance polices
have a positive impact on developing countries, followed by agriculture (33%) and
migration (22%). Policies linked to current global challenges such as environmental
degradation (22%), energy sufficiency (21%) and climate change (18%) are also
seen to make a positive contribution.
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Ahead of the EU, the UN and the World Bank are seen as the best placed
actors to help developing countries: 27% of Europeans cite the UN as being in
the best position to give aid, followed by the World Bank (19%) and the EU (17%).
The proportion mentioning the EU in this context has declined from the 26%
recorded in 2009.
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1. DESPITE THE ON-GOING ECONOMIC CRISIS, THE IMPORTANCE OF
DEVELOPMENT AID REMAINS HIGH
QD2: In your opinion, is it very important, fairly important, not very important or
not at all important to help people in developing countries?
In the aftermath of the worst world economic crisis
since the 1930’s, a considerable majority - 89% - of
respondents think that development aid is important.
The economic turmoil is not going unnoticed but more
people are attaching high importance to development
aid again after the significant drop among those who
find development aid very important witnessed a year
ago. This result underlines once more the generally
supportive value basis of development aid: the
humanitarian obligation to help others felt in the
European Union does not to change much with
economic cycles.
45%
39%
53%
44%
49%
38%
7%
7%
5%
June 2010
May/June 2009
November 2004
QD2 In your opinion, is it ... to help people in developing countries? - % EU
Very important Fairly important Not very important Not at all important Don't know
The high public support for development cooperation has remained steady through
not only the recent economic turmoil, but also the strong growth momentum
experienced earlier in this decade. In June 2010, 89% of the citizens of the
European Union believe that development aid is important. The overall levels of
support have hardly changed compared to November 2004 when the figure was
91% and May/June 2009 when 88% found development aid important.
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The current economic turmoil is not, however, going unnoticed and the last three
surveys have registered significant changes in the intensity of support. Right after
the crisis hit bottom, the share of people who considered aid as ‘very important’
declined significantly, from 53% in 2004 to 39% in 2009. This evolution is reversed
in the present survey with 45% of the European public now finding aid ‘very
important’ which suggests that the recovery process has begun.
A country-by-country analysis shows little difference in overall support but a closer
examination reveals a number of patterns that seem to be partly linked to the
severity of the economic crisis and to the levels of official development aid in a
country as was seen in the previous study in 2009.
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Among the ‘most supportive’ countries, Sweden (96% of very and fairly important),
Ireland (95%), Denmark (94%), Finland (94%), Luxembourg (93%) and the UK
(91%) are all countries where official aid figures matched or exceeded the EU
target of 0.51% of GDP in 20094.
At the same time, a number of countries that have been severely hit by the
economic crisis as measured by GDP growth5, show relatively lower – yet significant
– levels of overall support for development aid. These countries include Bulgaria
(79%), Estonia (84%) and Latvia (86%).
It is however evident that the grouping above falls short on explaining many other
results registered in this present survey. For example, while Greece is currently
facing a severe debt crisis that has caused concerns throughout the euro area, its
people continue to express average levels of support for development aid (90%).
Elsewhere, respondents in the Netherlands attach relatively less importance to
development cooperation (88%) even though the country has one of the highest
aid targets in Europe (0.8% of GDP by 2010) and exceeded the EU objective in
2009 (0.82%).
The previous surveys in 2009 and 2004 registered a difference in attitudes between
the member states that joined the EU most recently and those with a longer period
in the EU, with respondents in NMS12 (The 12 New member states of the EU)
attaching lower levels of importance to development cooperation. This initial divide
was already fading away in spring 2009 and is now nearly non-existent: the overall
support is at 90% in EU15 and 89% in NMS12 and the only detectable divide is in
the intensity of support (47% very important in EU15 against 40% in NMS12).
4 European NGO confederation for relief and development: Penalty Against Poverty: More and better EU
aid can score Millennium Development Goals : see
http://www.concordeurope.org/Public/Page.php?ID=31754
5 Eurostat newsrelease 7 July 2010 in http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/cache/ITY_PUBLIC/2-07072010-
AP/EN/2-07072010-AP-EN.PDF
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In fact, the most positive evolutions are registered among some of the member
states that joined recently, namely Romania and Cyprus, although a positive
evolution is detected in nearly every country since June 2009, as shown in the
chart above.
As in 2009, two socio-demographic groups are more likely to see high value in
development cooperation, namely younger respondents – and, coinciding with this,
students – and those with a high socio-economic status in terms of occupation and
education. This shows that those Europeans who are least likely to come under
pressure in times of economic hardship (youngsters who do not work and highly
qualified professionals) are the most supportive of development assistance.
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Very important
Fairly important
Not very important
Not at all important DK
EU27 45% 44% 7% 2% 2%
Age15-24 52% 40% 5% 2% 1%25-39 46% 44% 6% 2% 2%40-54 44% 46% 6% 2% 2%55 + 42% 45% 7% 3% 3%Education (End of)15- 39% 47% 7% 3% 4%16-19 44% 45% 7% 2% 2%20+ 51% 41% 5% 2% 1%Still studying 52% 39% 5% 2% 2%Occupation Self- employed 47% 43% 6% 3% 1%Managers 53% 41% 4% 1% 1%Other white collars 44% 46% 6% 2% 2%Manual workers 41% 48% 7% 2% 2%House persons 46% 43% 6% 2% 3%Unemployed 46% 43% 7% 2% 2%Retired 42% 44% 8% 3% 3%Students 52% 39% 5% 2% 2%Self-positioning on the social staircaseLow(1-4) 42% 45% 7% 3% 3%Medium(5-6) 45% 45% 6% 2% 2%High(7-10) 49% 43% 5% 2% 1%
QD2 In your opinion, is it very important, fairly important, not very important or not at all important to help people in developing countries?
Based on the results presented above, it could be argued that the driver of
European public opinion on the importance of development aid could be described
as a general responsibility of the ‘stronger’ to help the ‘weaker’. Factors such as the
economic situation and the ‘development aid culture’ of a country do play a role
but, in the end, very few Europeans find helping those in need unimportant.
Furthermore, public opinion on development aid seems to have suffered less due to
the economic crisis than some other spheres of public life such as the support for
and trust in EU institutions or EU membership6, which further reinforces the idea of
moral considerations as the driver of support for development aid.
6 Standard Eurobarometer 69 ’Public Opinion in the European Union’ – First Results
http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/eb/eb69/eb_69_first_en.pdf
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2. WORKING TOGETHER BRINGS ADDED VALUE
QD6 Do you think there is added value in EU member states working together on
helping developing countries?
An overwhelming majority of people in the EU (76%)
think that there is added value in EU countries working
together to help developing countries. This reinforces
the mandate of the European Union, which is the
largest aid donor in the world, to respond to the
challenges posed by the needs of developing countries.
Not only are Europeans highly supportive of development aid, they also largely feel
that EU countries should work together in helping developing countries. Just over
three-quarters (76%) think that EU cooperation brings added value when pursuing
the goals of combating poverty, hunger and disease in the developing world.
Exactly the same proportions, 38%, think this is definitely or to some extent the
case while only 14% believe that cooperation is not advantageous. 10% of people
are not able to form an opinion in this respect.
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The EU seems to have a strong mandate as a development aid actor in the eyes of
its citizens. This was something that was also observed in the previous survey in
spring 2009 when 61% of respondents believed that bringing a European
perspective to the global debate on development brings added value7.
While the absolute majority in every country believes that EU cooperation brings
added value, at least to some extent, considerable differences are observed
between countries, ranging from 94% of respondents in Sweden to 54% of
respondents in Lithuania having a positive view in this respect.
7 Special EB 318 ‘Development aid in times of economic turmoil’
http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_318_en.pdf
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Generally speaking in countries where public opinion is favourable for development
cooperation in general, the support for EU cooperation is also higher. We see this
pattern in, for example, Sweden, Luxembourg, Denmark and the Netherlands – also
countries that have the highest national aid targets.
Conversely, respondents in Lithuania, the Czech Republic and Slovenia have less
faith in the effectiveness of EU cooperation, illustrating the difference detected
between EU15 and NMS12: 78% of the public in the EU15 believe in the added
value of working together while 70% of respondents in the member states that
joined more recently trust in EU cooperation.
This divide can, however, be directly attributed to the higher ‘don’t know levels’ in
NMS12 (15% against 9% in EU15). A previous survey carried out among this
country group in May/June 20078 showed a significant information gap among
respondents regarding EU development aid. Therefore it can be assumed that a
lack of information at least partly explains the lower support for EU cooperation
here.
Yes, definitely Yes, to some extent
No, not really No, definitely not
DK
EU27 38% 38% 10% 4% 10%
Age15-24 39% 38% 9% 3% 11%25-39 40% 39% 10% 3% 8%40-54 40% 38% 9% 4% 9%55 + 35% 38% 10% 4% 13%Education (End of)15- 31% 38% 11% 4% 16%16-19 36% 40% 11% 4% 9%20+ 48% 36% 7% 3% 6%Still studying 40% 39% 8% 2% 11%Respondent occupation scaleSelf- employed 43% 37% 9% 3% 8%Managers 49% 35% 7% 3% 6%Other white collars 36% 43% 11% 4% 6%Manual workers 38% 39% 11% 3% 9%House persons 35% 37% 10% 2% 16%Unemployed 40% 34% 11% 4% 11%Retired 33% 39% 11% 4% 13%Students 40% 39% 8% 2% 11%Self-positioning on the social staircaseLow(1-4) 33% 37% 11% 4% 15%Medium(5-6) 38% 39% 10% 3% 10%High(7-10) 43% 39% 9% 3% 6%
QD6 Do you think there is added value in EU Member States working together on helping developing countries?
8 Special EB 286 ‘Citizens of the new EU member states and Development Aid’ : see
http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_286_en.pdf
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As can be seen in the table above, a higher socio-economic status tends to
correlate with attaching a higher general importance to development cooperation.
Similarly this group is more likely to value EU cooperation. This may well be due to
greater understanding of the benefits for both the recipient and the donor
countries: respondents with a high level of education and a high occupational status
tend to be generally more knowledgeable about development aid issues.
Problems in the developing world are global and are seen to demand a global
answer. The European public generally supports common action at EU level when it
comes to global issues, such as promoting peace and democracy in the world9.
Development cooperation is no exception to this: Europeans give the EU a strong
mandate to act in the field of helping poor countries.
9 Standard EB 71 ‚Public opinion in the European Union’ : see
http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/eb/eb71/eb71_std_part1.pdf
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3. EUROPEANS ARE PERSONALLY COMMITTED BUT AT DIFFERENT
LEVELS
QD3 How would you describe yourself in relation to helping people in developing
countries?
9 out of 10 Europeans believe that it is important to
help people in developing countries and 72% describe
themselves as actively in favour of such support.
However, the level of involvement varies, with most
respondents (42%) generally favouring the goal but
remaining as ‘development aid free-riders’ without
active input, whereas 30% either give money to
development aid or volunteer with a relevant
organisation.
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As seen above, European public opinion is strongly supportive both of development
aid in general and of EU cooperation in this area. Besides this generally positive
attitude, 72% also express their personal commitment to that end. 30% contribute
concretely to development aid either by giving money (26%) or by volunteering in
a relevant organisation (4%). However, 42% endorse the goals of development aid
but are not personally involved. Very few Europeans are opposed to development
cooperation altogether but a significant share, 21%, seem indifferent to voluntary
activities and simply say they are not involved.
On the one hand, besides official EU aid, a high proportion of individual Europeans
are involved in helping the developing world which proves the commitment of
Europeans to combat the problems faced by these countries and their citizens. On
the other hand, the results show a gap between the perceived importance and
concrete actions: when looking at the group that think development aid is very
important, only 45% are actively involved.
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You are in favor of helping developing
countries without being a volunteer or giving
money yourself
You give money to an organisation helping developing countries
but you are not an active volunteer
You are not involved in helping people in
developing countries
You are a volunteer in an organisation helping
developing countries
You are opposed to giving help to
developing countriesRefusal (SP.) DK
EU27 42% 26% 21% 4% 3% 1% 3%
BE 31% 35% 22% 6% 4% 1% 1%
BG 59% 4% 21% 1% 4% 2% 9%
CZ 51% 16% 26% 2% 4% 1% 0%
DK 28% 55% 8% 6% 2% 0% 1%
DE 41% 35% 13% 4% 3% 1% 3%
EE 42% 6% 41% 3% 4% 2% 2%
EL 61% 8% 24% 1% 3% 2% 1%
ES 47% 19% 25% 7% 1% 0% 1%
FR 52% 22% 14% 4% 4% 1% 3%
IE 20% 61% 13% 4% 1% 0% 1%
IT 55% 23% 8% 5% 2% 2% 5%
CY 68% 17% 10% 2% 1% 0% 2%
LT 43% 11% 38% 1% 3% 1% 3%
LV 28% 5% 59% 2% 3% 1% 2%
LU 25% 55% 6% 10% 1% 1% 2%
HU 49% 8% 32% 4% 2% 2% 3%
MT 16% 56% 22% 2% 2% 1% 1%
NL 22% 57% 12% 5% 4% 0% 0%
AT 35% 38% 15% 5% 2% 3% 2%
PL 45% 14% 34% 1% 2% 1% 3%
PT 48% 11% 34% 2% 2% 0% 3%
RO 44% 2% 40% 1% 3% 2% 8%
SI 32% 19% 39% 2% 7% 1% 0%
SK 40% 22% 33% 1% 2% 1% 1%
FI 28% 51% 11% 9% 1% 0% 0%
SE 27% 58% 10% 4% 1% 0% 0%
UK 25% 35% 30% 5% 3% 0% 2%
QD3 How would you describe yourself in relation to helping people in developing countries?
Highest percentage per country Lowest percentage per countryHighest percentage per item Lowest percentage per item
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The personal perspective reveals more differences between countries than the
generic question about the importance of development aid. Based on the level of
personal commitment, the following country groups can be distinguished:
Countries where people are actively involved: Ireland, Sweden, the
Netherlands, Malta, Luxembourg, Denmark, Finland, Austria, Belgium and the UK.
• In these countries the largest segment of the poll donates money to aid
organisations and people in Luxembourg and Finland are the most likely of
all to volunteer in a relevant organisation;
Special EUROBAROMETER 352 “EUROPEANS, DEVELOPMENT AID AND THE MDGs”
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• These countries generally opt for higher aid targets than agreed within the
EU and have also kept their commitments in recent years10. A relatively
positive GDP development also describes this group of countries. Malta is an
exception to this pattern but only to a certain extent: among the member
states that recently joined the EU, Malta ranks first when measured by the
ratio of aid of GDP.
Countries where people are supportive but not involved: Cyprus, Greece,
Bulgaria, Italy, France, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Portugal, Spain, Poland,
Romania, Lithuania, Estonia, Germany and Slovakia.
• This heterogeneous group of countries includes most of the southern
member states as well as France and Germany and a number of countries
that joined the EU during the past decade;
• This largest group of countries perhaps reflects the nature of public opinion
on development aid: ‘it is morally right to help people in need and therefore
it is a valuable goal per se but this does not imply concrete actions at a
personal level’;
Countries where people are not involved: Latvia and Slovenia, a high
proportion also in Estonia and Romania.
• Latvia, Slovenia, Estonia and Romania have been hit relatively hard by the
economic crisis compared to other member states. It is assumed that this
impacts public opinion and it has already been shown that the public in
these countries attach relatively low importance to development aid. The
impact seems to be more distinct when it comes to the personal stance of
individuals: in Latvia and Slovenia the largest segment of the population
expresses indifference when asked about their personal stance regarding
development cooperation.
10 European NGO confederation for relief and development: Penalty Against Poverty: More and better EU
aid can score Millennium Development Goals in
http://www.concordeurope.org/Public/Page.php?ID=31754
Special EUROBAROMETER 352 “EUROPEANS, DEVELOPMENT AID AND THE MDGs”
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EU15 NMS12
You are a volunteer in an organisation helping developing countries
5% 1%
You give money to an organisation helping developing countries but you are not an active volunteer
30% 11%
You are in favor of helping developing countries without being a volunteer or giving money yourself
41% 46%
You are not involved in helping people in developing countries
17% 34%
You are opposed to giving help to developing countries
3% 3%
Refusal (SPONTANEOUS) 1% 1%
DK 3% 4%
QD3 How would you describe yourself in relation to helping people in developing countries?
The patterns observed regarding the personal stance of Europeans are also
reflected in a comparison between EU15 and NMS12.
• People in the EU15 are significantly more likely to be actively involved in
development aid (35% in EU15 against 12% in NMS12);
• Conversely, considerably more respondents in the NMS12 express
indifference when it comes to development cooperation (34% in NMS12
against 17% in EU15);
Respondents’ personal situations vary significantly according to their socio-
economic status and, partly overlapping this, with their age.
• As already postulated above regarding the perceived importance of
development aid, young people are highly supportive of the ideal but then
turn out to be the largest group of ‘development aid free-riders’, i.e.
supporting the cause but not acting on it (50%);
• As one might expect, the highly educated professionals is the group that is
the most likely to be directly involved, mainly by donating money as they
probably have both the understanding of the goal and means to support it.
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You are in favor of helping developing countries
without being a volunteer or giving money yourself
You give money to an organisation helping
developing countries but you are not an active
volunteer
You are not involved in helping people in
developing countries
You are a volunteer in an organisation helping developing
countries
You are opposed to giving help to
developing countriesRefusal (SP.) DK
EU27 42% 26% 21% 4% 3% 1% 3%
Sex
Male 43% 24% 22% 4% 3% 1% 3%Female 42% 28% 20% 4% 2% 1% 3%Age
15-24 50% 18% 21% 5% 2% 1% 3%25-39 45% 24% 22% 3% 2% 1% 3%40-54 41% 29% 20% 4% 3% 1% 2%55 + 38% 29% 21% 4% 3% 1% 4%Education (End of)
15- 43% 22% 23% 3% 4% 1% 4%16-19 42% 24% 24% 3% 3% 1% 3%20+ 39% 36% 16% 5% 2% 1% 1%Still studying 52% 19% 18% 5% 2% 1% 3%Occupation
Self- employed 40% 31% 19% 5% 2% 1% 2%Managers 39% 39% 14% 4% 1% 1% 2%Other white collars 43% 30% 18% 4% 1% 1% 3%Manual workers 44% 22% 23% 4% 3% 1% 3%House persons 44% 23% 22% 3% 3% 1% 4%Unemployed 45% 17% 28% 4% 3% 1% 2%Retired 38% 28% 22% 3% 4% 1% 4%Students 52% 19% 18% 5% 2% 1% 3%Self-positioning on the social staircase
Low(1-4) 46% 17% 25% 3% 4% 1% 4%Medium(5-6) 44% 26% 20% 4% 2% 1% 3%High(7-10) 37% 35% 18% 5% 2% 1% 2%
QD3 How would you describe yourself in relation to helping people in developing countries?
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Taking everything into account, the personal stance of the respondent appears to
reveal more about public opinion on development aid than the generic question
about its importance. It also seems to be more directly linked to one's personal
domestic economic situation as well as to general ‘development aid culture’ in a
country.
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4. POVERTY AND ECONOMIC CRISIS: KEY CHALLENGES
QD1 In your opinion what are the two biggest challenges currently facing
developing countries?11
In line with the priorities of the Millennium
Development Goals, Europeans continue to see
poverty as the greatest challenge facing the
developing world (42%), the second biggest problem
being considered the economic crisis (36%). This is
broadly in line with the relative priorities noted in
2009.
11 Note that two new items ‘Water’ and ‘Education’ were introduced in this present survey. Consequently,
the results from 2009 and this study are not directly comparable.
Special EUROBAROMETER 352 “EUROPEANS, DEVELOPMENT AID AND THE MDGs”
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Since 2007, Europeans have considered poverty as the number one problem in
developing countries, with 42% of Europeans citing it in the present survey. As
stated earlier, the European public appears to have an understanding of the single
biggest challenge in the developing world which underlines many other problems
faced in poor countries that of poverty, MDG 1.
Reflecting the current world situation, 36% name the economic crisis among the
two biggest challenges. It is, however, hard to say to what extent this opinion
reflects the challenges currently faced by Europeans themselves in their national
contexts and to what extent an understanding of the impact of the depression in
the most vulnerable economies in the developing world.
In line with the Millennium Development Goals, access to food as well as health
issues follow with around a fifth of the European public citing them.
When looking at the problems that are widely seen as current global challenges,
such as climate change and energy, very few respondents place them among the
most prominent problems in the developing world. It would therefore appear that
Europeans see the most basic needs of human well-being as the primary goals of
development aid, while the relatively recent global issues arising from growing
consumption in the developed world are to be tackled elsewhere.
The new items, water and education are cited by 18% and 13% of respondents
respectively.
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PovertyThe economic
crisis Food Health issues Water
Poor governance Education
Civil unrest\ conflict
Climate change
Migration flows Energy
Other (SP.) DK
EU27 42% 36% 20% 19% 18% 18% 13% 10% 7% 5% 4% 1% 1%
BE 35% 30% 26% 21% 23% 18% 11% 10% 8% 6% 3% 0% 1%
BG 48% 48% 25% 21% 9% 9% 5% 6% 9% 6% 2% 0% 2%
CZ 48% 33% 20% 31% 13% 5% 13% 18% 5% 3% 3% 0% 0%
DK 42% 26% 12% 32% 12% 14% 26% 16% 14% 3% 1% 1% 0%
DE 38% 21% 28% 18% 21% 22% 22% 11% 10% 2% 2% 0% 0%
EE 46% 43% 17% 26% 9% 10% 12% 17% 2% 4% 3% 1% 2%
EL 53% 42% 18% 19% 16% 11% 10% 7% 6% 7% 4% 1% 1%
ES 48% 49% 17% 12% 12% 24% 11% 6% 5% 4% 2% 0% 0%
FR 40% 37% 22% 18% 23% 17% 12% 5% 9% 7% 6% 0% 1%
IE 36% 29% 26% 28% 19% 24% 14% 9% 4% 2% 2% 1% 1%
IT 38% 48% 17% 14% 20% 11% 9% 9% 5% 7% 4% 1% 1%
CY 43% 55% 16% 26% 8% 14% 5% 9% 6% 14% 3% 1% 0%
LT 42% 59% 10% 13% 3% 19% 9% 10% 1% 16% 8% 1% 2%
LV 44% 55% 14% 15% 5% 14% 11% 11% 3% 9% 2% 0% 3%
LU 39% 32% 16% 12% 19% 24% 19% 9% 8% 5% 5% 1% 0%
HU 52% 43% 23% 21% 20% 7% 4% 9% 9% 1% 6% 1% 0%
MT 43% 44% 11% 16% 6% 21% 11% 10% 8% 11% 11% 2% 0%
NL 33% 15% 22% 25% 25% 26% 17% 23% 6% 3% 1% 1% 0%
AT 38% 25% 26% 21% 25% 16% 13% 10% 9% 6% 4% 0% 1%
PL 36% 42% 20% 23% 11% 12% 12% 14% 4% 3% 7% 0% 4%
PT 51% 44% 23% 16% 9% 17% 7% 6% 2% 2% 2% 4% 2%
RO 60% 64% 16% 14% 4% 16% 7% 4% 4% 2% 1% 0% 1%
SI 44% 50% 12% 20% 11% 19% 5% 17% 9% 2% 3% 1% 0%
SK 52% 37% 14% 25% 17% 10% 9% 14% 10% 3% 2% 0% 1%
FI 45% 11% 22% 28% 24% 21% 22% 17% 2% 2% 1% 1% 0%
SE 42% 25% 4% 18% 20% 24% 24% 20% 14% 4% 2% 1% 0%
UK 41% 25% 19% 19% 20% 28% 10% 12% 6% 6% 6% 2% 2%
QD1 In your opinion what are the two biggest challenges currently facing developing countries?
Highest percentage per country Lowest percentage per countryHighest percentage per item Lowest percentage per item
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As hypothesised above, domestic economic situations seem to be reflected in the
perceived problems in the developing world. In 18 member states the largest
segment of the poll cites poverty as the number one problem. This group of
countries includes nearly all member states that have belonged to the EU for a
longer period but also a number of more recent members. At the same time,
respondents in 9 countries place the economic crisis as the top-challenge facing the
developing world. This group includes mainly newer member states and countries
that have generally a lower GDP than the EU average and a number of countries
that have been particularly strongly hit by the current economic turmoil, such as
Spain, Latvia and Lithuania.
It is interesting to see that the problems identified by the European public appear
to coincide with the challenges named by people in one part of the developing world
– in Africa. A survey carried out by GlobeScan in 2005 (more info on
www.globescan.com), reveals that most Africans name economic-related problems
– poverty, unemployment, the economy – ahead of all others, including health and
government corruption, as the most important problems facing their country12.
Some patterns can be observed according to the socio-demographic profiles of
respondents:
• Those who finished education relatively early (aged 15 or under) and the
unemployed who may be more likely to have limited means, tend to think
that poverty is the biggest challenge facing poorer countries;
• Respondents with a high socio-economic profile in terms of education and
occupation are more likely to cite problems related to domestic affairs such
as poor governance and civil unrest;
• Respondents that are still in education, namely students and, overlapping
with this, the youngest age group, place more importance on education than
the other socio-demographic groups.
12 ‘Africans' Views of Their Country’ 2005; countries surveyed Angola, Cameroon, Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria,
South Africa, Tanzania and Zimbabwe. Selected data available at:
http://www.globescan.com/rf_aid_views_01.htm
Special EUROBAROMETER 352 “EUROPEANS, DEVELOPMENT AID AND THE MDGs”
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PovertyThe economic
crisisFood
Health issues
Water Poor
governanceEducation
Civil unrest\ conflict
Climate change
Migration flows
Energy Other (SP.) DK
EU27 42% 36% 20% 19% 18% 18% 13% 10% 7% 5% 4% 1% 1%
Gender
Male 40% 36% 20% 17% 18% 20% 14% 10% 6% 5% 5% 1% 1%Female 43% 36% 21% 20% 17% 16% 12% 10% 7% 4% 3% 0% 1%Age
15-24 42% 36% 18% 21% 16% 16% 19% 9% 7% 5% 4% 1% 1%25-39 40% 40% 19% 20% 15% 19% 14% 10% 7% 4% 5% 0% 1%40-54 41% 36% 21% 19% 18% 20% 12% 11% 7% 4% 3% 1% 1%55 + 43% 34% 22% 16% 20% 18% 10% 10% 6% 5% 3% 1% 2%Education (End of)
15- 45% 36% 24% 16% 20% 17% 8% 9% 6% 4% 3% 1% 2%16-19 42% 38% 22% 19% 17% 17% 12% 10% 7% 5% 4% 1% 1%20+ 39% 33% 15% 19% 18% 23% 17% 12% 8% 5% 4% 1% 0%Still studying 41% 34% 19% 21% 17% 17% 20% 10% 7% 5% 4% 1% 1%Occupation
Self-employed 40% 38% 18% 18% 17% 21% 14% 10% 6% 6% 4% 0% 1%Managers 37% 30% 18% 19% 19% 24% 19% 13% 7% 4% 4% 1% 0%Other white collars 38% 37% 19% 20% 17% 18% 13% 13% 8% 5% 4% 1% 0%Manual workers 41% 40% 20% 20% 16% 18% 12% 8% 8% 4% 5% 0% 1%House persons 44% 39% 23% 17% 16% 16% 11% 9% 5% 4% 3% 0% 2%Unemployed 47% 40% 21% 17% 17% 19% 11% 9% 6% 3% 3% 1% 1%Retired 45% 33% 22% 17% 20% 17% 9% 10% 6% 5% 3% 1% 2%Students 41% 34% 19% 21% 17% 17% 20% 10% 7% 5% 4% 1% 1%
QD1 In your opinion what are the two biggest challenges currently facing developing countries?
Special EUROBAROMETER 352 “EUROPEANS, DEVELOPMENT AID AND THE MDGs”
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Overall, the European public seems to have a fairly accurate idea of the greatest
challenges facing the developing world today and their views correspond to the
priorities of the Millennium Development Goals.
Special EUROBAROMETER 352 “EUROPEANS, DEVELOPMENT AID AND THE MDGs”
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5. INCREASING DEVELOPMENT AID ENDORSED BUT MORE CAUTIOUSLY
THAN BEFORE
QD5 The European Union has promised to increase the level of its aid towards
developing countries. Given the current economic situation, which of the following
propositions best describe your opinion?
European support for increasing development aid
remains high at 64%. Exactly half of the respondents
would honour the EU commitment to increase aid and
14% would even go beyond this. Yet the severity of
the economic crisis seems to be reflected in the
results: more respondents than last year would now
opt for maintaining development aid at current levels
or even want to reduce aid. Public opinion continues to
endorse the motto “keeping our promises” but this
now seems to be somewhat less of a ‘moral absolute’.
Special EUROBAROMETER 352 “EUROPEANS, DEVELOPMENT AID AND THE MDGs”
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To further gauge public support for development aid, Europeans were asked about
their opinion on current aid commitments. The EU has promised to increase aid to a
level that corresponds to 0.7% of national GNI by 2015, in line with the UN target.
The target for the NMS12 is set at 0.33% by 2015.
This question perhaps reveals the single strongest reflection of the economic crisis
in European public opinion. While the vast majority of respondents continue to
support the EU aid commitment (50%) or even want to go beyond it (14%),
significantly more people (+10 percentage points) are now ready to give up the
promise and keep the current level of aid (15%, +7 points) or even to reduce aid to
developing countries (14%, +3 points). This result reverses the positive evolution
witnessed between 2004 and 2007 when a significant increase in support for
increasing aid was observed.
The largest segment of the public in every member state continues to opt for
honouring the aid commitment but considerable variation between countries is
seen:
• Again we see that in some countries readiness to decrease development aid
is correlated with the situation of the domestic economy. Bulgaria is the only
country where those who would not keep the European aid commitment
outnumber those who would keep the promise. High levels (35% or more) of
those who would either reduce or cap aid are also observed in Lithuania, the
Czech Republic, Latvia, Hungary, Ireland and Portugal – all countries
suffering from a severe recession. However, this correlation is not all-
encompassing since countries such as the Netherlands and Germany with
recent positive economic indicators are found in this group.
Special EUROBAROMETER 352 “EUROPEANS, DEVELOPMENT AID AND THE MDGs”
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• Also continuing the general pattern emerging in this survey, respondents in
Sweden, Luxembourg, Denmark and Finland – all countries with high aid
commitments and generally favourable economic development – are the
most likely to say they would like to increase development aid in line with
the EU commitment. Interestingly, a different trio of countries emerges in
the top of the ranking when it comes to increasing aid beyond the agreed
targets: Italy, Austria and Spain.
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The swing in the opinion mood is best illustrated by looking at the evolution since
May/June 2009 by country:
• When first looking at the proportions of those who would increase the level
of aid beyond what has been foreseen, a significant decrease is observed in
all countries except Austria, Latvia and Bulgaria. The largest drops are
observed in Cyprus, Romania and Greece. In Cyprus and Romania this
decline is largely compensated for by an increase among those who ‘want to
keep the promise’ but in Greece the ongoing debt crisis appears to have led
to significantly more people now opting for keeping the level unchanged or
even reducing it.
• Among respondents who are favourable to keeping current aid levels and
not honouring the EU aid commitment, a significant increase is observed in
Portugal, the Netherlands, Bulgaria, Finland, Greece, Estonia, Hungary,
Spain and Germany. Altogether, in 24 countries respondents are now more
likely than in 2009 to opt for not increasing the aid even though the EU is
committed to that end.
Similar tendencies have been recorded in national surveys on development aid. For
example a survey published by the Finnish Foreign Ministry in July 2010 noted a
strong increase of respondents in favour of reducing development aid although
general support remains high.13
13http://www.formin.fi/Public/default.aspx?contentid=196975&nodeid=15148&contentlan=2&culture=en
-US
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June 2010 May / June 2009 June 2010 May / June 2009 June 2010 May / June 2009 June 2010 May / June 2009 June 2010 May / June 2009
EU27 14% 24% 50% 48% 15% 8% 14% 11% 7% 9%
BE 13% 22% 51% 51% 15% 9% 19% 14% 2% 4%
BG 4% 6% 31% 39% 24% 11% 23% 21% 18% 23%
CZ 9% 23% 52% 48% 15% 8% 21% 14% 3% 7%
DK 13% 30% 66% 57% 8% 4% 12% 7% 1% 2%
DE 9% 18% 48% 54% 21% 10% 15% 12% 7% 6%
EE 7% 16% 54% 49% 19% 8% 15% 18% 5% 9%
EL 15% 38% 46% 43% 20% 8% 14% 9% 5% 2%
ES 21% 34% 43% 45% 17% 6% 15% 7% 4% 8%
FR 16% 23% 58% 52% 8% 7% 14% 12% 4% 6%
IE 8% 15% 51% 50% 20% 13% 15% 13% 6% 9%
IT 22% 26% 44% 47% 13% 7% 13% 9% 8% 11%
CY 10% 40% 58% 36% 13% 6% 12% 4% 7% 14%
LT 9% 15% 38% 37% 19% 12% 27% 22% 7% 14%
LV 13% 13% 49% 38% 12% 12% 23% 30% 3% 7%
LU 19% 26% 63% 51% 9% 4% 6% 11% 3% 8%
HU 11% 20% 48% 47% 22% 11% 13% 14% 6% 8%
MT 15% 18% 50% 48% 12% 6% 17% 11% 6% 17%
NL 8% 20% 55% 60% 20% 6% 15% 10% 2% 4%
AT 21% 19% 50% 46% 14% 12% 11% 16% 4% 7%
PL 12% 22% 54% 45% 13% 8% 9% 8% 12% 17%
PT 8% 18% 48% 49% 19% 5% 16% 5% 9% 23%
RO 14% 35% 44% 30% 8% 4% 12% 6% 22% 25%
SI 12% 26% 51% 51% 14% 7% 20% 11% 3% 5%
SK 10% 17% 55% 56% 16% 9% 15% 13% 4% 5%
FI 5% 17% 60% 65% 22% 9% 11% 7% 2% 2%
SE 16% 29% 68% 54% 9% 4% 5% 9% 2% 4%
UK 11% 25% 55% 45% 15% 8% 15% 13% 4% 9%
Highest percentage per country Lowest percentage per countryHighest percentage per item Lowest percentage per item
QD5 The European Union has promised to increase the level of its aid towards developing countries. Given the current economic situation, which of the following propositions best describe your opinion?
We should increase European aid to developing countries
beyond what is already promised
We should keep our promise to increase aid to developing
countries
We should not increase the levels of aid to developing countries
even though it has been promised
We should reduce aid to developing countries as we can no longer
afford itDon't know
Special EUROBAROMETER 352 “EUROPEANS, DEVELOPMENT AID AND THE MDGs”
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We should increase European aid to developing countries beyond what is
already promised
We should keep our promise to increase aid to
developing countries
We should not increase the levels of aid to
developing countries even though it has been
promised
We should reduce aid to developing
countries as we can no longer afford it
DK
EU27 14% 50% 15% 14% 7%
Age15-24 19% 52% 12% 10% 7%25-39 14% 52% 15% 14% 5%40-54 13% 52% 15% 14% 6%55 + 12% 47% 17% 16% 8%Education (End of)15- 11% 41% 18% 20% 10%16-19 13% 50% 16% 15% 6%20+ 14% 58% 14% 10% 4%Still studying 20% 54% 11% 8% 7%Respondent occupation scaleSelf- employed 15% 51% 16% 13% 5%Managers 14% 62% 12% 9% 3%Other white collars 14% 53% 16% 13% 4%Manual workers 13% 50% 15% 16% 6%House persons 12% 47% 16% 15% 10%Unemployed 15% 43% 16% 18% 8%Retired 11% 46% 18% 17% 8%Students 20% 54% 11% 8% 7%Self-positioning on the social staircaseLow(1-4) 13% 44% 16% 17% 10%Medium(5-6) 13% 51% 15% 15% 6%High(7-10) 15% 56% 15% 10% 4%Help to developping countries - benefice of a common action of MSYes 16% 56% 14% 10% 4%No 5% 30% 24% 36% 5%
QD5 The European Union has promised to increase the level of its aid towards developing countries. Given the current economic situation, which of the following propositions best describe your opinion?
Special EUROBAROMETER 352 “EUROPEANS, DEVELOPMENT AID AND THE MDGs”
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The socio-demographic profiling of respondents allows us to see differences in
opinions according to age. The desire to increase aid beyond the commitment
seems strongest among the younger age group. At the same time, a high socio-
economic status in terms of longer education and a higher occupational status tend
to correlate with a higher support for keeping the promise.
Furthermore, there is a strong link between respondents’ personal commitment to
development and their views on the level of EU aid. Those who contribute
personally to development cooperation either by giving money or volunteering in a
relevant organisation are significantly more likely than the average European to
support increasing EU aid either by keeping the promise or by even going beyond
it.
Overall, despite the negative trend observed in the current study, Europeans
appear committed to keeping the promise regarding aid levels although with less
enthusiasm than a year ago. Public opinion in countries with a relatively positive
economic situation and more favourable aid targets is the most likely to be pro-
increase. The strong commitment witnessed here can perhaps be partly attributed
to a general humanitarian accountability: the economic downturn has shaped
European public opinion but the baseline support remains unchanged.
Special EUROBAROMETER 352 “EUROPEANS, DEVELOPMENT AID AND THE MDGs”
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You are a volunteer in an organisation helping developing countries
You give money to an organisation helping
developing countries but not an active volunteer
You are in favor of helping developing countries without being a volunteer or giving
money yourself
You are not involved in helping people in
developing countries
You are opposed to help to developing countries
Refusal (SP.) Don't Know
8%
27%
12%
17%
36%
100%100%
13%
29%
9%
22%
27%
100%
37%
21%
25%
8%
100%
2%
7%
13%
71%
6%
8%
3%
100%
11%
56%
17%
11%
5%
100%
We should reduce aid to developing countries as we can no longer afford it
Don't Know
Total
27%
54%
10%
6%
3%
100%
QD5 The European Union has promised to increase the level of its aid towards developing countries. Given the current economic situation, which of the following propositions best describe your opinion?
QD3 How would you describe yourself in relation to helping people in developing countries?
We should increase European aid to developing countries beyond what is already promised
We should keep our promise to increase aid to developing countries
We should not increase the levels of aid to developing countries even though it has been promised
16%
62%
12%
8%
Special EUROBAROMETER 352 “EUROPEANS, DEVELOPMENT AID AND THE MDGs”
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6. EU TRADE AND FINANCE MEASURES AS WELL AS PEACE BUILDING
POLICIES SUPPORT DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
QD7 Apart from financial aid, which of the following European Union policies has a
positive impact on developing countries?
Beyond direct aid, Europeans believe that EU trade
and finance policies as well as peace building policies
have the most positive impact in developing countries
(43% both). European public opinion seems to reflect
the fact that poverty, civil unrest and hunger cannot
be combated by direct measures only but also require
a horizontal approach that permeates all policy areas.
Europeans were asked to what extent they think other EU policies, apart from
direct aid, contribute to a positive change in the developing world. EU trade and
finance policies and peace building policies are seen to have the most positive
impact in this respect (43% both), followed by agriculture policy (33%).
Special EUROBAROMETER 352 “EUROPEANS, DEVELOPMENT AID AND THE MDGs”
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All policy areas listed here receive important proportions of mentions which implies
that Europeans believe the impact of the EU on the developing world is not limited
to direct aid and the goals of development cooperation are, at least to a certain
extent, permeating key policy areas of the European Union.
Respondents in all countries name trade and finance and peace building among the
top-two policy areas that have a positive impact. Danish and Dutch respondents
and people in Cyprus are the most likely to believe that EU trade and financial
policies positively influence the developing world. Regarding peace building, public
opinion is the most positive in the three Nordic countries (Sweden, Finland,
Denmark), Cyprus and the Netherlands. The public in the EU15 is more likely to
mention peace building and climate change whereas respondents in the NMS12 are
more likely to cite agriculture and transport.
Outside the two most cited policy areas, around a third of people in Sweden,
Cyprus, Austria and Greece think EU environment policies have an extended impact
in the developing world, while over a third of respondents in Austria, Bulgaria and
Greece cite energy as a policy area that has a positive impact. Linked to these two
policy areas, climate change is cited by 39% of people in Sweden and by 33% in
Denmark. As shown above regarding the biggest problems facing the developing
world, Europeans appear to assume that direct aid is allocated to the most
fundamental areas of poverty alleviation, health and access to food as well as, in
the current situation, combating the economic crisis. Current global problems such
as climate change and energy receive significantly less attention in this context.
However, Europeans seem to believe that these challenges are tackled in the
developing world by other EU policies.
Special EUROBAROMETER 352 “EUROPEANS, DEVELOPMENT AID AND THE MDGs”
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Trade and finance Peace building Agriculture Migration Environment Energy Climate change Transport Other (SP.) None (SP.) DK
EU27 43% 43% 33% 22% 22% 21% 18% 13% 1% 2% 8%
BE 49% 52% 45% 26% 26% 28% 23% 24% 1% 2% 3%
BG 40% 41% 30% 21% 28% 35% 16% 15% 0% 1% 15%
CZ 50% 38% 42% 20% 23% 19% 9% 16% 0% 1% 4%
DK 62% 56% 47% 16% 30% 22% 33% 14% 0% 1% 4%
DE 41% 48% 35% 19% 27% 21% 27% 9% 0% 3% 8%
EE 48% 44% 32% 13% 24% 21% 7% 18% 1% 2% 9%
EL 53% 41% 27% 30% 31% 36% 21% 21% 0% 3% 3%
ES 35% 39% 30% 37% 16% 15% 19% 10% 2% 1% 5%
FR 35% 49% 38% 18% 22% 25% 14% 12% 1% 4% 7%
IE 55% 49% 34% 13% 17% 18% 22% 18% 1% 0% 8%
IT 39% 43% 24% 29% 18% 22% 14% 12% 2% 2% 9%
CY 61% 60% 26% 34% 36% 22% 27% 11% 0% 1% 4%
LT 38% 29% 19% 23% 8% 23% 6% 7% 2% 2% 15%
LV 37% 28% 25% 15% 9% 18% 5% 9% 1% 3% 10%
LU 42% 50% 33% 21% 20% 21% 22% 9% 1% 2% 5%
HU 47% 48% 42% 10% 22% 27% 15% 13% 1% 2% 4%
MT 37% 54% 19% 36% 25% 29% 24% 6% 1% 1% 5%
NL 60% 58% 45% 11% 20% 11% 19% 17% 1% 2% 2%
AT 42% 47% 40% 34% 31% 36% 26% 22% 3% 5% 2%
PL 38% 30% 33% 17% 17% 20% 10% 16% 0% 2% 12%
PT 39% 45% 25% 21% 15% 17% 13% 12% 1% 2% 13%
RO 45% 33% 43% 25% 22% 19% 16% 24% 1% 1% 15%
SI 48% 45% 36% 15% 18% 21% 17% 25% 4% 3% 3%
SK 51% 33% 38% 17% 26% 23% 15% 22% 1% 2% 4%
FI 46% 55% 42% 17% 29% 22% 26% 5% 2% 0% 3%
SE 58% 63% 44% 19% 40% 29% 39% 20% 1% 1% 2%
UK 51% 39% 25% 18% 18% 17% 17% 10% 2% 2% 10%
QD7 Apart from financial aid, which of the following European Union policies have a positive impact on developing countries?
Highest percentage per country Lowest percentage per countryHighest percentage per item Lowest percentage per item
Special EUROBAROMETER 352 “EUROPEANS, DEVELOPMENT AID AND THE MDGs”
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As the table in the page that follows shows, patterns observed according to the
socio-demographic profile of the respondents are relatively weak. Men and
respondents in a high occupational position are slightly more likely to believe trade
and financial policies contribute positively while agriculture is cited significantly
more often by the elderly than by their younger counterparts aged 15-39.
In summary, the European public seems to hold a view that promoting
development in poor countries is a goal that is permeating all key policy areas of
the EU to varying degrees.
Special EUROBAROMETER 352 “EUROPEANS, DEVELOPMENT AID AND THE MDGs”
- 43 -
Trade and finance
Peace building
Agriculture Migration Environment Energy Climate change
Transport Other (SP.) None (SP.) DK
EU27 43% 43% 33% 22% 22% 21% 18% 13% 1% 2% 8%
Sex
Male 45% 42% 33% 23% 22% 23% 18% 15% 1% 2% 7%Female 41% 44% 33% 22% 21% 20% 18% 12% 1% 2% 9%Age
15-24 45% 40% 28% 21% 20% 20% 15% 17% 1% 2% 8%25-39 44% 42% 31% 23% 21% 23% 19% 14% 1% 2% 7%40-54 45% 45% 35% 22% 23% 22% 20% 13% 1% 2% 6%55 + 39% 44% 36% 22% 21% 20% 18% 11% 1% 2% 10%Education (End of)
15- 36% 43% 32% 23% 19% 18% 17% 11% 1% 2% 11%16-19 44% 43% 34% 23% 22% 22% 18% 14% 1% 2% 8%20+ 46% 46% 35% 21% 23% 23% 20% 13% 1% 2% 5%Still studying 45% 43% 26% 21% 20% 19% 15% 17% 2% 2% 8%Respondent occupation scale
Self- employed 47% 45% 35% 25% 19% 22% 17% 14% 1% 2% 7%Managers 50% 48% 35% 23% 27% 23% 23% 15% 1% 2% 3%Other white collars 46% 43% 32% 21% 19% 23% 18% 13% 1% 2% 6%Manual workers 43% 44% 33% 22% 22% 23% 19% 14% 1% 2% 7%House persons 40% 45% 33% 21% 20% 19% 16% 11% 1% 2% 10%Unemployed 41% 37% 28% 25% 21% 21% 19% 13% 1% 3% 10%Retired 38% 43% 36% 21% 21% 20% 18% 11% 1% 2% 11%Students 45% 43% 26% 21% 20% 19% 15% 17% 2% 2% 8%
QD7 Apart from financial aid, which of the following European Union policies have a positive impact on developing countries? (MULTIPLE ANSWERS POSSIBLE)
Special EUROBAROMETER 352 “EUROPEANS, DEVELOPMENT AID AND THE MDGs”
- 44 -
7. LARGE INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATIONS SEEN AS BEST PLACED TO
GIVE HELP
QD4 Which one of the following actors, do you think, is in the best position to help
developing countries?
Europeans are most likely to think large international
bodies such as the United Nations (27%), the World
Bank (19%) and the European Union (17%) are best
placed to help developing countries. Although the
European public firmly believes in the added value of
EU cooperation and supports increased aid, it still
considers the UN and the World Bank better placed to
help.14 This is possibly linked to a lack of knowledge of
the level of aid that the EU gives each year and to the
EU’s image as aid donor. One may argue that the UN
and the World Bank have a more development-
oriented image whereas perhaps the EU is perceived
more as an administrative organisation.
14 Note that the World Bank was added as a new item in this present survey. Consequently the results of
this study and the 2009 study are not directly comparable.
Special EUROBAROMETER 352 “EUROPEANS, DEVELOPMENT AID AND THE MDGs”
- 45 -
It has been previously shown in this report that the European public strongly
believes that cooperation between EU members brings added value to helping
developing countries. Furthermore, it endorses EU aid commitments and believes
that, apart from direct help, other EU policy areas are positively contributing to
improvements in the developing world. All this legitimises the EU’s mandate as a
significant aid donor in the eyes of its citizens.
Notwithstanding, Europeans continue to place other international organisations
ahead of the EU when they are asked about which actors are the best placed to
help developing countries. The highest number (27%) cites the United Nations,
followed by the World Bank (19%) with the EU in the third place (17%). Regarding
individual countries, 15% cite the United States while very few mention China or
Japan or their respective countries.
Differences compared to the previous study are largely explained by the
introduction of a new item ‘the World Bank’ in this present study, and therefore the
results of these two studies are not directly comparable. However, they show a
similar ranking of aid donors in both years.
Special EUROBAROMETER 352 “EUROPEANS, DEVELOPMENT AID AND THE MDGs”
- 46 -
The United Nations
The World Bank
The European Union
The United States China
(OUR COUNTRY) Japan Other (SP.) DK
EU27 27% 19% 17% 15% 4% 2% 1% 3% 12%
BE 28% 26% 16% 12% 4% 2% 1% 3% 8%
BG 23% 28% 20% 6% 1% 0% 1% 0% 21%
CZ 37% 15% 16% 17% 2% 1% 2% 2% 8%
DK 35% 19% 20% 7% 3% 5% 1% 2% 8%
DE 36% 13% 17% 9% 2% 3% 0% 6% 14%
EE 35% 16% 19% 11% 3% 1% 2% 1% 12%
EL 22% 24% 21% 17% 4% 1% 0% 6% 5%
ES 15% 20% 12% 26% 4% 2% 2% 3% 16%
FR 22% 27% 15% 16% 5% 3% 1% 2% 9%
IE 39% 19% 13% 11% 2% 1% 1% 1% 13%
IT 23% 19% 15% 16% 4% 3% 4% 2% 14%
CY 21% 25% 31% 14% 1% 0% 0% 3% 5%
LT 14% 24% 20% 20% 2% 1% 4% 3% 12%
LV 28% 21% 19% 15% 3% 1% 2% 0% 11%
LU 24% 22% 28% 7% 2% 7% 0% 3% 7%
HU 20% 28% 12% 24% 6% 0% 2% 1% 7%
MT 28% 17% 18% 20% 3% 2% 0% 1% 11%
NL 42% 23% 16% 4% 3% 3% 1% 4% 4%
AT 30% 15% 18% 15% 2% 2% 1% 5% 12%
PL 22% 18% 27% 14% 2% 1% 1% 1% 14%
PT 21% 15% 21% 20% 2% 0% 2% 2% 17%
RO 15% 22% 30% 15% 3% 0% 1% 1% 13%
SI 24% 22% 16% 18% 2% 0% 2% 10% 6%
SK 47% 17% 15% 9% 1% 1% 1% 1% 8%
FI 46% 23% 14% 6% 1% 2% 1% 3% 4%
SE 56% 10% 15% 3% 1% 4% 1% 3% 7%
UK 31% 16% 9% 18% 6% 5% 2% 1% 12%
QD4 Which one of the following actors, do you think, is in the best position to help developing countries?
Highest percentage per country Lowest percentage per countryHighest percentage per item Lowest percentage per item
In this context it is interesting to note that, according to a survey conducted by
GlobeScan in 200615, 54% of Africans surveyed held the UN and the World Bank
equally responsible for improving the lives of people in poor countries, closely
followed by rich country governments.
As seen in the previous study in 2009, respondents in the NMS12 (23%) are more
likely than those in the EU15 (15%) to name the EU as the best placed actor while
the latter group is more likely to cite the United Nations. A further country-by-
country analysis reveals the following findings:
15 ‘Responsibility for Assisting Developing Economies’; Countries covered: Tanzania, Nigeria, South
Africa, Kenya, Angola, Zimbabwe, D.R. Congo, Ethiopia, Ghana, Senegal.
http://www.globescan.com/rf_responsibility_01.htm
Special EUROBAROMETER 352 “EUROPEANS, DEVELOPMENT AID AND THE MDGs”
- 47 -
• In 17 member states the largest segment of the poll cites the United
Nations. It is noteworthy that all the ‘most committed aid donors’ of the EU
in terms of GDP ratio, with the exception of Luxembourg belong to this
group: Sweden, Finland, the Netherlands, Ireland, Denmark, the UK and
Belgium. Also respondents in Malta – the most committed donor among the
member states that joined recently – are most likely to cite the UN.
• The World Bank receives the highest proportion of mentions in Bulgaria,
Greece, France, Hungary and Lithuania.
• The public in Luxembourg, Poland, Cyprus, Romania and Portugal (an equal
share of the Portuguese cite the UN) believe that the European Union is the
best placed to give aid while just over a quarter of respondents in Spain cite
the United States.
Most noteworthy is that respondents in the UK, Slovenia, Italy, France, Hungary
and Spain do not consider the EU to be even one of the top-three best placed aid
donors.
Special EUROBAROMETER 352 “EUROPEANS, DEVELOPMENT AID AND THE MDGs”
- 48 -
Interestingly the segment of population that usually shows higher levels of
awareness and knowledge are here the most likely of all to regard the UN as the
best placed actor ahead of the EU. Respondents with a high socio-economic status
in terms of education and occupation are the most likely to cite the UN while the
youngest age group is slightly more likely to mention the EU than their older
counterparts.
It is also noteworthy that those who think that EU countries working together bring
added value to development cooperation are more likely than the average
European to mention the UN (29% against 27%) and that amongst this groups the
EU is the third ranked actor.
Special EUROBAROMETER 352 “EUROPEANS, DEVELOPMENT AID AND THE MDGs”
- 49 -
The United Nations
The World Bank
The European
Union
The United States
China(OUR
COUNTRY)Japan Other (SP.) DK
EU27 27% 19% 17% 15% 4% 2% 1% 3% 12%
Age
15-24 24% 16% 18% 21% 4% 3% 2% 2% 10%25-39 26% 19% 18% 15% 4% 2% 2% 3% 11%40-54 30% 22% 15% 14% 3% 2% 1% 3% 10%55 + 27% 19% 16% 13% 3% 3% 1% 3% 15%Education (End of)
15- 23% 16% 15% 17% 3% 4% 1% 3% 18%16-19 26% 21% 17% 15% 4% 2% 1% 2% 12%20+ 33% 22% 16% 12% 4% 2% 1% 3% 7%Still studying 27% 15% 19% 20% 4% 2% 2% 3% 8%Occupation
Self- employed 30% 21% 15% 13% 4% 1% 2% 3% 11%Managers 35% 21% 14% 12% 4% 2% 1% 3% 8%Other white collars 29% 21% 19% 14% 3% 2% 2% 3% 7%Manual workers 26% 21% 17% 15% 4% 2% 1% 3% 11%House persons 24% 16% 16% 15% 3% 3% 2% 3% 18%Unemployed 22% 17% 15% 20% 6% 3% 1% 2% 14%Retired 26% 19% 16% 14% 3% 3% 1% 2% 16%Students 27% 15% 19% 20% 4% 2% 2% 3% 8%Self-positioning on the social staircase
Low(1-4) 22% 20% 17% 16% 4% 2% 1% 2% 16%Medium(5-6) 27% 19% 16% 16% 4% 2% 1% 3% 12%High(7-10) 32% 19% 17% 14% 3% 3% 2% 2% 8%Help to developping countries - benefice of a common action of MS
Yes 29% 21% 18% 15% 3% 2% 1% 2% 9%No 24% 17% 14% 17% 5% 3% 1% 5% 14%
QD4 Which one of the following actors, do you think, is in the best position to help developing countries? (ROTATE)
Special EUROBAROMETER 352 “EUROPEANS, DEVELOPMENT AID AND THE MDGs”
- 50 -
As discussed in the report of he previous study in 2009, it is hard to know the
rationale behind public opinion when it comes to the best placed actors in
development cooperation. One may argue that the overall visibility and
conspicuousness of an organisation seems to weigh more than its concrete actions
measured by the amount of money allocated to development aid.
On the other hand, it would be ambitious to expect the general public to be
knowledgeable about the amounts of aid given by various organisations. In a
previous survey carried out among people of the NMS12, respondents were asked
to estimate the level of EU aid16. 57% directly replied they do not know and only
6% were able to give the correct answer.
Therefore it seems that the general visibility of an organisation plays a significant
role when people are evaluating development aid actors. This ‘visibility argument’
could, for example, to a certain extent explain why respondents in NMS12 are
significantly more likely to cite the EU than respondents in EU15 (23% against 15%
in EU15). The accession of the new countries is fairly recent and numerous
information campaigns related to this were carried out by the EU, but also by
national actors. It is self-evident that the exposure to EU-related communication
and actions has been higher in the NMS12 in the past decade.
On the other hand, it is striking that people in nearly all the ‘biggest aid donor
countries of Europe’ cite the UN before the EU. Furthermore, well-educated
respondents, who usually show relatively higher levels of knowledge, also cite the
UN way ahead of the EU. This implies that there is indeed a great lack of
information about the role the EU plays.
Either way EU policy makers may be challenged about the low visibility of the EU as
a development aid actor and about low awareness of its activities amongst the
general public. ‘Big players are better placed to tackle big challenges’ appears to be
the rationale behind European public opinion and, at present, the European public
does not consider the world’s biggest aid donor - the EU – to be the biggest player.
16 Special EB 286 ‘Citizens of the New EU member states and Development Aid in
http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_286_en.pdf
Special EUROBAROMETER 352 “EUROPEANS, DEVELOPMENT AID AND THE MDGs”
- 51 -
CONCLUSIONS
The ambiance surrounding European public opinion on development aid is shaped
by a strong value basis of helping those in need and a moral responsibility of the
stronger to help the weaker felt by Europeans. Very few people think giving aid is
unimportant or undesirable.
Real differences are only revealed when more concrete issues, such as personal
input to development aid and money are discussed. While public opinion remains
largely positive in these areas, more critical voices are raised here with nearly 30%
of Europeans saying they feel the EU should give up the promise of increasing aid
and 21% defining themselves as indifferent when it comes to helping poor
countries.
Throughout the survey, different ‘development aid cultures’ can be identified across
Europe; the most influential factors shaping national opinions seem to be the
domestic economic situation and the extent to which a country is committed to
development aid, regardless of EU targets.
Those countries that have only recently joined the EU are undoubtedly the young
development aid cultures in Europe. The history of cooperating within the EU on
helping poor countries is only as long as membership. This seems to be reflected
particularly in the level of indifference that people in NMS12 express to
development cooperation but also in the relatively lower support for EU countries
working together. Besides, the economic development in these countries still lags
behind the EU average which has made many countries more vulnerable to the
economic crisis.
Nordic and Western European countries can be described as ‘old development aid
cultures’ with ambitious development aid targets and with a real delivery on the
commitment. The public in these countries is highly favourable towards the ideal of
development aid but also tends to personally act on it, mainly by donating money
outside official aid. Favourable economic development and a GDP above the EU
average also characterise these countries.
Special EUROBAROMETER 352 “EUROPEANS, DEVELOPMENT AID AND THE MDGs”
- 52 -
When looking more closely at individuals’ perceptions and views, somewhat
unsurprisingly one socio-demographic group stands out. Well-educated people in
high occupational positions are most likely to be pro-development aid. They
possess all the essential elements: financial means to participate and sufficient
information for developing an understanding of not only the moral considerations
linked to helping but also of the mutual benefits that supporting the developing
world brings.
Finally, coming back to the two forthcoming events mentioned in the introduction to
this report, some clear messages can be drawn from the results of this survey:
The UN Summit on the Millennium Development Goals:
The European public is strongly committed to achieving the targets set for 2015,
both when representing the European Union member states working together and
at a personal level. Despite the economic crisis they back the EU’s aim of increasing
aid and give a clear mandate to the EU to act on helping poor countries and to keep
its promises.
Green Paper ‘Future of Development Policy’:
The public support for development is unshakeable and the negative evolutions
caused by the economic downturn seem moderate. In fact, when it comes to the
general importance attached to development, it appears that the low point has
already been passed and people are again increasingly valuing development
cooperation. However, the visibility and conspicuousness of the EU as aid donor
begs for attention. Regardless of their favorable opinions, Europeans still think
other international organisations are better placed to provide help to developing
countries. Raising awareness of and interest in the new development aid cultures
also constitutes a challenge for EU policy makers.
ANNEXES
EU
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Rep
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HU
H
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335.4
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Net
her
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TN
S E
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TESTE
1.0
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11/0
6/1
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8.0
80.9
15
RO
Rom
ania
TN
S C
SO
P
1.0
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11/0
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22/0
6/1
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18.2
46.7
31
SI
Slo
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RM
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S
1.0
03
10/0
6/1
0
27/0
6/1
0
1.7
48.3
08
SK
Slo
vaki
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S A
ISA S
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1.0
84
12/0
6/1
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27/0
6/1
0
4.5
49.9
54
FI
Finla
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TN
S G
allu
p O
y 1.0
07
09/0
6/1
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27/0
6/1
0
4.4
12.3
21
SE
Sw
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TN
S G
ALL
UP
1.0
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10/0
6/1
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29/0
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7.7
23.9
31
UK
United
Kin
gdom
TN
S U
K
1.3
18
11/0
6/1
0
28/0
6/1
0
51.0
81.8
66
TO
TA
L E
U2
7
26
.69
1
09
/0
6/
10
3
0/
06
/1
0
40
6.8
34
.35
9
For
each
cou
ntr
y a
com
par
ison
bet
wee
n t
he
sam
ple
and t
he
univ
erse
was
car
ried
out.
The
Univ
erse
des
crip
tion
was
der
ived
fro
m E
uro
stat
pop
ula
tion
dat
a or
fro
m n
atio
nal
sta
tist
ics
offic
es.
For
all
countr
ies
surv
eyed
, a
nat
ional
wei
ghting p
roce
dure
, usi
ng m
argin
al a
nd i
nte
rcel
lula
r w
eighting,
was
ca
rrie
d o
ut
bas
ed o
n t
his
Univ
erse
des
crip
tion
. In
all
countr
ies,
gen
der
, ag
e, r
egio
n a
nd s
ize
of loc
ality
wer
e in
trod
uce
d in t
he
iter
atio
n p
roce
dure
. Fo
r in
tern
atio
nal
wei
ghting (
i.e.
EU
ave
rages
), T
NS O
pin
ion &
Soc
ial ap
plie
s th
e of
ficia
l pop
ula
tion
fig
ure
s as
pro
vided
by
EU
RO
STA
T or
nat
ional
sta
tist
ic
offic
es. Th
e to
tal p
opula
tion
fig
ure
s fo
r in
put
in t
his
pos
t-w
eighting p
roce
dure
are
list
ed a
bov
e.
Rea
der
s ar
e re
min
ded
that
surv
ey r
esults
are
estim
atio
ns ,
the
accu
racy
of
whic
h,
ever
ythin
g b
eing e
qual
, re
sts
upon
the
sam
ple
siz
e an
d u
pon
the
obse
rved
per
centa
ge.
W
ith s
ample
s of
abou
t 1,0
00 in
terv
iew
s, t
he
real
per
centa
ges
var
y w
ithin
the
follo
win
g c
onfid
ence
lim
its:
Obse
rved p
erc
en
tages
10%
or
90%
20%
or
80%
30%
or
70%
40%
or
60%
50%
Con
fiden
ce lim
its
± 1
.9 p
oints
±
2.5
poi
nts
±
2.7
poi
nts
±
3.0
poi
nts
±
3.1
poi
nts
QUESTIONNAIRE
QD
1Q
D1
(382
-394
)(3
82-3
94)
1,1,
2,2,
3,3,
4,4,
5,5,
6,6,
7,7,
8,8,
9,9,
10,
10,
11,
11,
12,
12,
13,
13,
QD
2Q
D2
(395
)(3
95)
11
22
33
44
55
Pas
du
tout
impo
rtant
NS
P
EB
62.2
QC
1 TR
EN
D M
OD
IFIE
D
(UN
E S
EU
LE R
EP
ON
SE
)
Très
impo
rtant
Plu
tôt i
mpo
rtant
Pas
très
impo
rtant
Aut
re (S
PO
NTA
NE
)N
SP
EB
71.2
QF6
TR
EN
D M
OD
IFIE
D
Sel
on v
ous,
est
-il tr
ès im
porta
nt, p
lutô
t im
porta
nt, p
as tr
ès im
porta
nt o
u pa
s du
tout
impo
rtant
d'
aide
r les
pop
ulat
ions
des
pay
s en
voi
e de
dév
elop
pem
ent ?
Le c
hang
emen
t clim
atiq
ueLe
s flu
x m
igra
toire
sLa
mau
vais
e go
uver
nanc
eU
n co
nflit
inte
rne
La p
auvr
eté
Les
prob
lèm
es li
es à
la s
anté
L'éd
ucat
ion
(N)
L’én
ergi
e
(MO
NTR
ER
CA
RTE
– L
IRE
– M
AX
. 2 R
EP
ON
SE
S)
La c
rise
écon
omiq
ueL’
alim
enta
tion
(M)
L'ea
u (N
)
Par
lons
mai
nten
ant d
'un
autre
suj
et.
Sel
on v
ous,
que
ls s
ont l
es d
eux
plus
gra
nds
défis
aux
quel
s fo
nt fa
ce le
s pa
ys e
n vo
ie d
e dé
velo
ppem
ent a
ctue
llem
ent ?
Not
at a
ll im
porta
ntD
K
EB
62.2
QC
1 TR
EN
D M
OD
IFIE
D
(ON
E A
NS
WE
R O
NLY
)
Ver
y im
porta
ntFa
irly
impo
rtant
Not
ver
y im
porta
nt
Oth
er (S
PO
NTA
NE
OU
S)
DK
EB
71.2
QF6
TR
EN
D M
OD
IFIE
D
In y
our o
pini
on, i
s it
very
impo
rtant
, fai
rly im
porta
nt, n
ot v
ery
impo
rtant
or n
ot a
t all
impo
rtant
to
help
peo
ple
in d
evel
opin
g co
untri
es?
Clim
ate
chan
geM
igra
tion
flow
sP
oor g
over
nanc
eC
ivil
unre
st/ c
onfli
ct
Pov
erty
Hea
lth is
sues
Edu
catio
n (N
)E
nerg
y
(SH
OW
CA
RD
– R
EA
D O
UT
– M
AX
. 2 A
NS
WE
RS
)
The
econ
omic
cris
isFo
od (M
)W
ater
(N)
Now
let's
talk
abo
ut a
noth
er to
pic.
In y
our o
pini
on w
hat a
re th
e tw
o bi
gges
t cha
lleng
es c
urre
ntly
faci
ng d
evel
opin
g co
untri
es?
Que
stio
nnai
reE
B73
523
/51
01/0
6/20
10
QD
3Q
D3
(396
)(3
96)
11
22
33
44
55
66
77
QD
4Q
D4
(397
)(3
97)
11
22
33
44
55
66
77
88
99
Aut
re (S
PO
NTA
NE
)N
SP
EB
71.2
QF4
TR
EN
D M
OD
IFIE
D
Les
Eta
ts-U
nis
La C
hine
Le J
apon
(NO
TRE
PA
YS
)
(LIR
E –
RO
TATI
ON
– U
NE
SE
ULE
RE
PO
NS
E)
Les
Nat
ions
Uni
esLa
Ban
que
Mon
dial
e (N
)L’
Uni
on e
urop
éenn
e
NS
P
NE
W
D’a
près
vou
s, p
arm
i les
act
eurs
sui
vant
s, q
ui e
st le
mie
ux p
lacé
pou
r aid
er le
s pa
ys e
n vo
ie
de d
ével
oppe
men
t ? (M
)
Vou
s so
uten
ez l’
aide
aux
pay
s en
voi
e de
dév
elop
pem
ent s
ans
être
bé
névo
le n
i don
ner d
e l’a
rgen
tV
ous
n’êt
es p
as in
tére
ssé(
e) p
ar l’
aide
aux
pay
s en
voi
e de
dév
elop
pem
ent
Vou
s êt
es o
ppos
é(e)
à l’
aide
aux
pay
s en
voi
e de
dév
elop
pem
ent
Ref
us (S
PO
NTA
NE
)
Com
men
t vou
s dé
criv
ez-v
ous
quan
d on
par
le d
’aid
er le
s ge
ns d
ans
les
pays
en
voie
de
déve
lopp
emen
t ?
(MO
NTR
ER
CA
RTE
– L
IRE
– U
NE
SE
ULE
RE
PO
NS
E) –
(SI "
BE
NE
VO
LE E
T D
ON
ATE
UR
", C
OD
ER
'1' E
T P
AS
'2')
Vou
s êt
es b
énév
ole
dans
une
org
anis
atio
n d’
aide
aux
pay
s en
voi
e de
dé
velo
ppem
ent
Vou
s do
nnez
de
l’arg
ent à
une
org
anis
atio
n d’
aide
aux
pay
s en
voi
e de
dé
velo
ppem
ent s
ans
être
bén
évol
e ac
tif
Oth
er (S
PO
NTA
NE
OU
S)
DK
EB
71.2
QF4
TR
EN
D M
OD
IFIE
D
The
Uni
ted
Sta
tes
Chi
naJa
pan
(OU
R C
OU
NTR
Y)
(RE
AD
OU
T –
RO
TATE
– O
NE
AN
SW
ER
ON
LY)
The
Uni
ted
Nat
ions
The
Wor
ld B
ank
(N)
The
Eur
opea
n U
nion
DK
NE
W
Whi
ch o
ne o
f the
follo
win
g ac
tors
, do
you
thin
k, is
in th
e be
st p
ositi
on to
hel
p de
velo
ping
co
untri
es?
(M)
You
are
in fa
vor o
f hel
ping
dev
elop
ing
coun
tries
with
out b
eing
a v
olun
teer
or
givi
ng m
oney
you
rsel
fY
ou a
re n
ot in
volv
ed in
hel
ping
peo
ple
in d
evel
opin
g co
untri
es
You
are
opp
osed
to h
elp
to d
evel
opin
g co
untri
esR
efus
al (S
PO
NTA
NE
OU
S)
How
wou
ld y
ou d
escr
ibe
your
self
in re
latio
n to
hel
ping
peo
ple
in d
evel
opin
g co
untri
es?
(SH
OW
CA
RD
– R
EA
D O
UT
– O
NE
AN
SW
ER
ON
LY) –
(IF
"VO
LUN
TEE
R A
ND
DO
NA
TOR
", C
OD
E '1
' AN
D N
OT
'2')
You
are
a v
olun
teer
in a
n or
gani
satio
n he
lpin
g de
velo
ping
cou
ntrie
s
You
giv
e m
oney
to a
n or
gani
satio
n he
lpin
g de
velo
ping
cou
ntrie
s bu
t not
an
activ
e vo
lunt
eer
Que
stio
nnai
reE
B73
524
/51
01/0
6/20
10
QD
5Q
D5
(398
)(3
98)
11
22
33
44
55
QD
6Q
D6
(399
)(3
99)
11
22
33
44
55
NE
W
Oui
, dan
s un
e ce
rtain
e m
esur
eN
on, p
as v
raim
ent
Non
, pas
du
tout
NS
P
Pen
sez-
vous
qu’
il y
a un
e va
leur
ajo
utée
à c
e qu
e le
s E
tats
Mem
bres
de
l’Uni
on e
urop
éenn
e tra
vaill
ent e
nsem
ble
pour
aid
er le
s pa
ys e
n vo
ie d
e dé
velo
ppem
ent ?
(LIR
E –
UN
E S
EU
LE R
EP
ON
SE
)
Oui
, tou
t à fa
it
Nou
s ne
dev
rions
pas
aug
men
ter l
’aid
e au
x pa
ys e
n vo
ie d
e dé
velo
ppem
ent,
mêm
e si
cel
a a
été
prom
isN
ous
devr
ions
rédu
ire l’
aide
aux
pay
s en
voi
e de
dév
elop
pem
ent c
ar n
ous
ne s
omm
es p
lus
capa
bles
de
l’ass
umer
NS
P
EB
71.2
QF5
TR
EN
D M
OD
IFIE
D
L’U
nion
eur
opée
nne
s’es
t eng
agée
à a
ugm
ente
r le
nive
au d
e l'a
ide
au d
ével
oppe
men
t qu’
elle
fo
urni
t aux
pay
s en
voi
e de
dév
elop
pem
ent.
Au
vu d
e la
situ
atio
n éc
onom
ique
act
uelle
, la
quel
le d
es p
ropo
sitio
ns s
uiva
ntes
se
rapp
roch
e le
plu
s de
vot
re o
pini
on ?
(LIR
E –
UN
E S
EU
LE R
EP
ON
SE
)
Nou
s de
vrio
ns a
ugm
ente
r l’a
ide
euro
péen
ne a
ux p
ays
en v
oie
de
déve
lopp
emen
t au-
delà
de
ce q
ui a
déj
à ét
é pr
omis
Nou
s de
vrio
ns te
nir n
otre
pro
mes
se d
’aug
men
ter l
’aid
e au
x pa
ys e
n vo
ie d
e dé
velo
ppem
ent (
M)
NE
W
Yes
, to
som
e ex
tent
No,
not
real
lyN
o, d
efin
itely
not
DK
Do
you
thin
k th
ere
is a
dded
val
ue in
Eur
opea
n U
nion
Mem
ber S
tate
s w
orki
ng to
geth
er o
n he
lpin
g de
velo
ping
cou
ntrie
s?
(RE
AD
OU
T –
ON
E A
NS
WE
R O
NLY
)
Yes
, def
inite
ly
We
shou
ld n
ot in
crea
se th
e le
vels
of a
id to
dev
elop
ing
coun
tries
eve
n th
ough
it h
as b
een
prom
ised
We
shou
ld re
duce
aid
to d
evel
opin
g co
untri
es a
s w
e ca
n no
long
er a
fford
it
DK
EB
71.2
QF5
TR
EN
D M
OD
IFIE
D
The
Eur
opea
n U
nion
has
pro
mis
ed to
incr
ease
the
leve
l of i
ts a
id to
war
ds d
evel
opin
g co
untri
es. G
iven
the
curr
ent e
cono
mic
situ
atio
n, w
hich
of t
he fo
llow
ing
prop
ositi
ons
best
de
scrib
e yo
ur o
pini
on?
(M)
(RE
AD
OU
T –
ON
E A
NS
WE
R O
NLY
)
We
shou
ld in
crea
se E
urop
ean
aid
to d
evel
opin
g co
untri
es b
eyon
d w
hat i
s al
read
y pr
omis
edW
e sh
ould
kee
p ou
r pro
mis
e to
incr
ease
aid
to d
evel
opin
g co
untri
es (M
)
Que
stio
nnai
reE
B73
525
/51
01/0
6/20
10
QD
7Q
D7
(400
-410
)(4
00-4
10)
1,1,
2,2,
3,3,
4,4,
5,5,
6,6,
7,7,
8,8,
9,9,
10,
10,
11,
11,
Aut
re (S
PO
NTA
NE
)A
ucun
(SP
ON
TAN
E)
NS
P
NE
W
L’en
viro
nnem
ent
Les
trans
ports
L’ag
ricul
ture
La c
onst
ruct
ion
de la
pai
x
Le c
hang
emen
t clim
atiq
ueLe
s m
igra
tions
Le c
omm
erce
et l
a fin
ance
L’én
ergi
e
Au
delà
de
l’aid
e fin
anci
ère,
que
lles
polit
ique
s eu
ropé
enne
s su
ivan
tes
ont u
n im
pact
e po
sitif
su
r les
pay
s en
voi
e de
dév
elop
pem
ent ?
(MO
NTR
ER
CA
RTE
– L
IRE
– P
LUS
IEU
RS
RE
PO
NS
ES
PO
SS
IBLE
S)
Oth
er (S
PO
NTA
NE
OU
S)
Non
e (S
PO
NTA
NE
OU
S)
DK
NE
W
Env
ironm
ent
Tran
spor
tA
gric
ultu
reP
eace
bui
ldin
g
Clim
ate
chan
geM
igra
tion
Trad
e an
d fin
ance
Ene
rgy
Apa
rt fro
m fi
nanc
ial a
id, w
hich
of t
he fo
llow
ing
Eur
opea
n U
nion
pol
icie
s ha
ve a
pos
itive
impa
ct
on d
evel
opin
g co
untri
es?
(SH
OW
CA
RD
- R
EA
D O
UT
– M
ULT
IPLE
AN
SW
ER
S P
OS
SIB
LE)
Que
stio
nnai
reE
B73
526
/51
01/0
6/20
10
TABLES
Special Eurobarometer N°352
1/2
%EB
73.5
Diff.EB
71.2
EB73.5
Diff.EB
71.2
EB73.5
Diff.EB
71.2
EB73.5
Diff.EB
71.2
EB73.5
Diff.EB
71.2
EB73.5
Diff.EB
71.2
EB73.5
Diff.EB
71.2EU 27 36 1 20 -7 18 18 42 -8 19 -3 13 13 4 0
BE 30 -1 26 -9 23 23 35 -12 21 -6 11 11 3 0
BG 48 -4 25 6 9 9 48 -1 21 0 5 5 2 -6
CZ 33 2 20 -13 13 13 48 0 31 -5 13 13 3 1
DK 26 8 12 -7 12 12 42 -7 32 -8 26 26 1 -1
D-W 19 -11 29 -2 22 22 38 -13 19 -2 21 21 2 -1
DE 21 -9 28 -2 21 21 38 -14 18 -3 22 22 2 -2
D-E 28 -4 26 1 17 17 40 -16 15 -7 25 25 3 -2
EE 43 3 17 -12 9 9 46 -2 26 -3 12 12 3 0
IE 29 -6 26 -3 19 19 36 -5 28 1 14 14 2 -1
EL 42 1 18 -2 16 16 53 -4 19 -3 10 10 4 1
ES 49 12 17 -7 12 12 48 -10 12 -3 11 11 2 0
FR 37 7 22 -14 23 23 40 -10 18 -10 12 12 6 0
IT 48 3 17 -7 20 20 38 -6 14 -4 9 9 4 -1
CY 55 14 16 -7 8 8 43 -3 26 -9 5 5 3 -1
LV 55 1 14 1 5 5 44 -6 15 0 11 11 2 -1
LT 59 10 10 -6 3 3 42 -5 13 -3 9 9 8 1
LU 32 3 16 -1 19 19 39 -9 12 -17 19 19 5 1
HU 43 -5 23 -4 20 20 52 -6 21 -3 4 4 6 -2
MT 44 5 11 -4 6 6 43 13 16 3 11 11 11 3
NL 15 1 22 -12 25 25 33 -7 25 -1 17 17 1 0
AT 25 -7 26 -4 25 25 38 -5 21 -2 13 13 4 -2
PL 42 -8 20 -2 11 11 36 -2 23 5 12 12 7 -1
PT 44 2 23 -2 9 9 51 -6 16 -1 7 7 2 0
RO 64 4 16 -1 4 4 60 5 14 2 7 7 1 -3
SI 50 2 12 -6 11 11 44 -6 20 0 5 5 3 1
SK 37 -3 14 -15 17 17 52 -5 25 1 9 9 2 -2
FI 11 1 22 -4 24 24 45 -3 28 -14 22 22 1 -1
SE 25 11 4 -9 20 20 42 -9 18 -10 24 24 2 0
UK 25 1 19 -9 20 20 41 -13 19 -7 10 10 6 3
QD1 Selon vous, quels sont les deux plus grands défis auxquels font face les pays en voie de développement actuellement ? (MAX. 2 REPONSES)
QD1 In your opinion what are the two biggest challenges currently facing developing countries? (MAX. 2 ANSWERS)
QD1 Was sind Ihrer Ansicht nach die zwei größten Herausforderungen, denen die Entwicklungsländer momentan gegenüberstehen (MAX. 2 NENNUNGEN)
La crise économique
The economic crisis
Die Wirtschaftskrise
L’alimentation
Food
Ernährung
L'eau
Water
Wasser
La pauvreté
Poverty
Armut
Les problèmes lies à la santé
Health issues
Gesundheitliche Probleme
L'éducation
Education
Bildung
L’énergie
Energy
Energie
Special Eurobarometer N°352
2/2
%EB
73.5
Diff.EB
71.2
EB73.5
Diff.EB
71.2
EB73.5
Diff.EB
71.2
EB73.5
Diff.EB
71.2
EB73.5
Diff.EB
71.2
EB73.5
Diff.EB
71.2EU 27 7 -1 5 0 18 -2 10 -3 1 0 1 -1
BE 8 -4 6 1 18 1 10 -4 0 0 1 0
BG 9 2 6 -1 9 -7 6 -1 0 0 2 -2
CZ 5 1 3 -1 5 0 18 -7 0 -1 0 -1
DK 14 -1 3 -4 14 -6 16 -9 1 0 0 -1
D-W 10 -4 2 0 22 -3 12 1 0 -1 0 -1
DE 10 -3 2 -1 22 -2 11 0 0 -1 0 -1
D-E 10 -1 2 -3 20 0 10 -2 0 -1 0 -1
EE 2 -2 4 2 10 -3 17 0 1 0 2 -1
IE 4 -7 2 -2 24 2 9 -7 1 1 1 -2
EL 6 -5 7 -9 11 -2 7 -4 1 1 1 1
ES 5 -1 4 -2 24 1 6 -2 0 -1 0 -2
FR 9 3 7 2 17 -6 5 -4 0 0 1 0
IT 5 1 7 -4 11 -4 9 -3 1 1 1 -3
CY 6 -4 14 0 14 5 9 -2 1 1 0 -1
LV 3 1 9 1 14 -7 11 -3 0 -1 3 0
LT 1 0 16 8 19 -2 10 -4 1 0 2 -2
LU 8 -3 5 2 24 -1 9 -8 1 0 0 -2
HU 9 2 1 -1 7 -2 9 2 1 0 0 -1
MT 8 -1 11 -6 21 -15 10 -7 2 1 0 -3
NL 6 -2 3 0 26 -3 23 -12 1 -1 0 -1
AT 9 -8 6 0 16 -1 10 -6 0 -1 1 -1
PL 4 -4 3 -1 12 -2 14 -1 0 0 4 -1
PT 2 -2 2 -1 17 6 6 -3 4 3 2 -2
RO 4 -1 2 -1 16 -2 4 -4 0 0 1 -3
SI 9 -5 2 -1 19 6 17 -2 1 -1 0 0
SK 10 4 3 0 10 -1 14 -3 0 0 1 0
FI 2 -6 2 -1 21 -3 17 -7 1 -1 0 -2
SE 14 3 4 2 24 -9 20 -17 1 -2 0 -1
UK 6 -2 6 3 28 1 12 -1 2 0 2 -1
QD1 Selon vous, quels sont les deux plus grands défis auxquels font face les pays en voie de développement actuellement ? (MAX. 2 REPONSES)
QD1 In your opinion what are the two biggest challenges currently facing developing countries? (MAX. 2 ANSWERS)
QD1 Was sind Ihrer Ansicht nach die zwei größten Herausforderungen, denen die Entwicklungsländer momentan gegenüberstehen (MAX. 2 NENNUNGEN)
Le changement climatique
Climate change
Der Klimawandel
Les flux migratoires
Migration flows
Wanderungsbewegungen
La mauvaise gouvernance
Poor governance
Schlechte Regierung
NSP
DK
WN
Un conflit interne
Civil unrest\ conflict
Zivile Unruhen
Autre(SPONTANE)
Other (SPONTANEOUS)
Sonstiges (SPONTAN)
Special Eurobarometer N°352
%EB
73.5
Diff.EB
62.2
EB73.5
Diff.EB
62.2
EB73.5
Diff.EB
62.2
EB73.5
Diff.EB
62.2
EB73.5
Diff.EB
62.2
EB73.5
Diff.EB
62.2
EB73.5
Diff.EB
62.2EU 27 45 -8 44 6 7 2 2 0 2 0 89 -2 9 2
BE 40 -12 47 14 8 -2 3 -2 2 2 87 2 11 -4
BG 37 42 9 4 8 79 13
CZ 30 -1 58 3 8 -1 2 1 2 -2 88 2 10 0
DK 54 -12 40 9 4 2 1 0 1 1 94 -3 5 2
D-W 53 2 38 -3 5 0 1 -1 3 2 91 -1 6 -1
DE 52 2 37 -4 6 0 2 0 3 2 89 -2 8 0
D-E 48 1 37 -3 8 -2 5 2 2 2 85 -2 13 0
EE 32 10 52 0 12 -4 2 -2 2 -4 84 10 14 -6
IE 58 -8 37 8 3 2 1 0 1 -2 95 0 4 2
EL 41 -26 49 21 8 5 1 0 1 0 90 -5 9 5
ES 52 -13 42 11 4 2 1 1 1 -1 94 -2 5 3
FR 41 -8 45 6 9 3 3 -1 2 0 86 -2 12 2
IT 42 -13 45 6 6 2 4 3 3 2 87 -7 10 5
CY 72 -1 20 -4 5 3 1 0 2 2 92 -5 6 3
LV 33 0 53 12 10 -4 2 -4 2 -4 86 12 12 -8
LT 38 0 51 10 7 -5 2 -1 2 -4 89 10 9 -6
LU 58 -10 35 10 5 1 1 -1 1 0 93 0 6 0
HU 29 -1 58 15 8 -5 3 -3 2 -6 87 14 11 -8
MT 59 -11 34 8 5 2 1 1 1 0 93 -3 6 3
NL 38 -16 50 11 9 3 3 2 0 0 88 -5 12 5
AT 35 -5 52 7 9 1 2 0 2 -3 87 2 11 1
PL 38 -13 52 9 5 2 1 0 4 2 90 -4 6 2
PT 32 2 60 2 5 0 1 0 2 -4 92 4 6 0
RO 57 36 2 1 4 93 3
SI 32 -19 48 9 15 8 3 1 2 1 80 -10 18 9
SK 31 -4 56 6 8 1 2 -2 3 -1 87 2 10 -1
FI 47 -8 47 11 5 -2 1 -1 0 0 94 3 6 -3
SE 67 -6 29 5 3 0 1 1 0 0 96 -1 4 1
UK 50 -13 41 13 5 0 3 0 1 0 91 0 8 0
QD2 Selon vous, est-il très important, plutôt important, pas très important ou pas du tout important d'aider les populations des pays en voie de développement ?
QD2 In your opinion, is it very important, fairly important, not very important or not at all important to help people in developingcountries?
QD2 Ist es Ihrer Meinung nach sehr wichtig, eher wichtig, nicht sehr wichtig oder überhaupt nicht wichtig, den Menschen in Entwicklungsländern zu helfen?
Trèsimportant
Veryimportant
Sehrwichtig
Plutôtimportant
Fairlyimportant
Ziemlichwichtig
Pas très important
Not very important
Nicht sehr wichtig
Pas du tout important
Not at all important
Überhaupt nicht wichtig
Total'Pas important'
Total'Not important'
Gesamt'Nicht wichtig'
NSP
DK
WN
Total 'Important'
Total 'Important'
Gesamt 'Wichtig'
Special Eurobarometer N°352
1/2
%
EU 27
BE
BG
CZ
DK
D-W
DE
D-E
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK
QD3 Comment vous décrivez-vous quand on parle d’aider les gens dans les pays en voie de développement ?
QD3 How would you describe yourself in relation to helping people in developing countries?
QD3 Was trifft auf Sie zu, wenn es um Hilfe für Menschen in Entwicklungsländern geht?
Vous êtes bénévole dans une organisation
d’aide aux pays en voie de développement
You are a volunteer in an organisation helping developing countries
Sie sind ehrenamtlich in einer Organisation
tätig, die Entwicklungsländern
hilft
EB73.5
Vous donnez de l’argent à une organisation d’aide
aux pays en voie de développement sans être
bénévole actif
You give money to an organisation helping
developing countries but you are not an active
volunteer
Sie spenden Geld an eine Organisation, die
Entwicklungsländern hilft, sind aber nicht aktiv ehrenamtlich tätig
EB73.5
Vous soutenez l’aide aux pays en voie de
développement sans être bénévole ni donner
de l’argent
You are in favor of helping developing
countries without being a volunteer or giving
money yourself
Sie befürworten Hilfe für Entwicklungsländer,
ohne selbst ehrenamtlich tätig zu
sein oder Geld zu spenden
EB73.5
Vous n’êtes pas intéressé(e) par l’aide aux pays en voie de
développement
You are not involved in helping people in developing countries
Sie beteiligen sich nicht an Hilfen für
Menschen in Entwicklungsländern
EB73.5
Vous êtes opposé(e) à l’aide aux pays en
voie de développement
You are opposed to help to developing
countries
Sie sind dagegen, dass
Entwicklungsländern geholfen wird
EB73.5
4 26 42 21 3
6 35 31 22 4
1 4 59 21 4
2 16 51 26 4
6 55 28 8 2
4 36 41 12 2
4 35 41 13 3
3 30 43 14 6
3 6 42 41 4
4 61 20 13 1
1 8 61 24 3
7 19 47 25 1
4 22 52 14 4
5 23 55 8 2
2 17 68 10 1
2 5 28 59 3
1 11 43 38 3
10 55 25 6 1
4 8 49 32 2
2 56 16 22 2
5 57 22 12 4
5 38 35 15 2
1 14 45 34 2
2 11 48 34 2
1 2 44 40 3
2 19 32 39 7
1 22 40 33 2
9 51 28 11 1
4 58 27 10 1
5 35 25 30 3
Special Eurobarometer N°352
2/2
%
EU 27
BE
BG
CZ
DK
D-W
DE
D-E
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK
0 0
0 2
1 1
0 0
2 8
1 0
1 3
0 3
0 0
3 2
2 3
1 1
1 3
1 2
0 2
1 2
1 3
2 5
2 1
0 1
2 2
0 1
1 3
2 2
0 1
1 4
2 9
1 0
1 3
1 1
Verweigert (SPONTAN)
WN
EB73.5
EB73.5
Refus (SPONTANE)
NSP
Refusal (SPONTANEOUS)
DK
QD3 Comment vous décrivez-vous quand on parle d’aider les gens dans les pays en voie de développement ?
QD3 How would you describe yourself in relation to helping people in developing countries?
QD3 Was trifft auf Sie zu, wenn es um Hilfe für Menschen in Entwicklungsländern geht?
Special Eurobarometer N°352
1/2
%EB
73.5
Diff.EB
71.2
EB73.5
Diff.EB
71.2
EB73.5
Diff.EB
71.2
EB73.5
Diff.EB
71.2
EB73.5
Diff.EB
71.2
EB73.5
Diff.EB
71.2
EB73.5
Diff.EB
71.2EU 27 27 -6 19 19 17 -9 15 -5 4 2 1 0 2 -3
BE 28 -6 26 26 16 -13 12 -7 4 1 1 0 2 -2
BG 23 -5 28 28 20 -19 6 -6 1 0 1 0 0 0
CZ 37 -8 15 15 16 -3 17 -3 2 0 2 0 1 0
DK 35 -8 19 19 20 -10 7 -5 3 0 1 0 5 0
D-W 36 -1 12 12 18 -10 9 -4 2 0 0 -1 3 -2
DE 36 -2 13 13 17 -10 9 -4 2 0 0 -1 3 -3
D-E 36 -6 17 17 14 -12 6 -7 1 0 0 -1 4 -2
EE 35 -7 16 16 19 -5 11 0 3 2 2 1 1 -1
IE 39 -1 19 19 13 -11 11 -4 2 0 1 0 1 -3
EL 22 -6 24 24 21 -17 17 -4 4 0 0 -1 1 -1
ES 15 -9 20 20 12 -11 26 -7 4 2 2 0 2 -1
FR 22 -3 27 27 15 -12 16 -10 5 1 1 0 3 -2
IT 23 -7 19 19 15 -7 16 -6 4 1 4 1 3 0
CY 21 2 25 25 31 -16 14 -6 1 -1 0 -1 0 -1
LV 28 4 21 21 19 -9 15 -4 3 0 2 0 1 -1
LT 14 -3 24 24 20 -16 20 -3 2 0 4 0 1 0
LU 24 -12 22 22 28 -7 7 -1 2 1 0 0 7 0
HU 20 -14 28 28 12 -17 24 0 6 5 2 1 0 -2
MT 28 -9 17 17 18 -6 20 -3 3 2 0 -2 2 0
NL 42 -12 23 23 16 -6 4 -4 3 0 1 0 3 -2
AT 30 -1 15 15 18 -5 15 -10 2 1 1 0 2 -2
PL 22 -12 18 18 27 -10 14 3 2 1 1 0 1 -1
PT 21 3 15 15 21 2 20 -12 2 1 2 1 0 -1
RO 15 -7 22 22 30 -17 15 2 3 1 1 0 0 -1
SI 24 -15 22 22 16 -16 18 3 2 1 2 0 0 -1
SK 47 -5 17 17 15 -12 9 -3 1 1 1 0 1 0
FI 46 -20 23 23 14 -4 6 0 1 0 1 1 2 -1
SE 56 -17 10 10 15 3 3 1 1 0 1 1 4 0
UK 31 -3 16 16 9 -4 18 -5 6 3 2 1 5 -7
QD4 D’après vous, parmi les acteurs suivants, qui est le mieux placé pour aider les pays en voie de développement ? (ROTATION)
QD4 Which one of the following actors, do you think, is in the best position to help developing countries? (ROTATE)
QD4 Welche der folgenden Länder und Institutionen ist Ihrer Ansicht nach am besten dafür geeignet armen Menschen Entwicklungshilfe zu leisten? (ROTIEREN)
Les Nations Unies
The United Nations
Die Vereinten Nationen
La Banque Mondiale
The WorldBank
DieWeltbank
L’Union européenne
The European Union
Die Europäische Union
Les Etats-Unis
The United States
Die Vereinigten Staaten
La Chine
China
China
Le Japon
Japan
Japan
(NOTREPAYS)
(OUR COUNTRY)
(UNSERLAND)
Special Eurobarometer N°352
2/2
%EB
73.5
Diff.EB
71.2
EB73.5
Diff.EB
71.2EU 27 3 1 12 1
BE 3 2 8 -1
BG 0 -1 21 3
CZ 2 1 8 -2
DK 2 1 8 3
D-W 6 3 14 3
DE 6 3 14 4
D-E 6 4 16 7
EE 1 -1 12 -5
IE 1 -1 13 1
EL 6 3 5 2
ES 3 1 16 5
FR 2 0 9 -1
IT 2 1 14 -2
CY 3 0 5 -2
LV 0 -2 11 -9
LT 3 0 12 -2
LU 3 -1 7 -2
HU 1 0 7 -1
MT 1 0 11 1
NL 4 2 4 -1
AT 5 2 12 0
PL 1 0 14 1
PT 2 -1 17 -8
RO 1 0 13 0
SI 10 6 6 0
SK 1 0 8 2
FI 3 1 4 0
SE 3 1 7 1
UK 1 -2 12 1
QD4 D’après vous, parmi les acteurs suivants, qui est le mieux placé pour aider les pays en voie de développement ? (ROTATION)
QD4 Which one of the following actors, do you think, is in the best position to help developing countries? (ROTATE)
QD4 Welche der folgenden Länder und Institutionen ist Ihrer Ansicht nach am besten dafür geeignet armen Menschen Entwicklungshilfe zu leisten? (ROTIEREN)
NSP
DK
WN
Autre(SPONTANE)
Other (SPONTANEOUS)
Sonstiges (SPONTAN)
Special Eurobarometer N°352
1/2
%EB
73.5
Diff.EB
71.2
EB73.5
Diff.EB
71.2
EB73.5
Diff.EB
71.2EU 27 14 -10 50 2 15 7
BE 13 -9 51 0 15 6
BG 4 -2 31 -8 24 13
CZ 9 -14 52 4 15 7
DK 13 -17 66 9 8 4
D-W 9 -10 49 -5 21 12
DE 9 -9 48 -6 21 11
D-E 10 -6 46 -8 19 7
EE 7 -9 54 5 19 11
IE 8 -7 51 1 20 7
EL 15 -23 46 3 20 12
ES 21 -13 43 -2 17 11
FR 16 -7 58 6 8 1
IT 22 -4 44 -3 13 6
CY 10 -30 58 22 13 7
LV 13 0 49 11 12 0
LT 9 -6 38 1 19 7
LU 19 -7 63 12 9 5
HU 11 -9 48 1 22 11
MT 15 -3 50 2 12 6
NL 8 -12 55 -5 20 14
AT 21 2 50 4 14 2
PL 12 -10 54 9 13 5
PT 8 -10 48 -1 19 14
RO 14 -21 44 14 8 4
SI 12 -14 51 0 14 7
SK 10 -7 55 -1 16 7
FI 5 -12 60 -5 22 13
SE 16 -13 68 14 9 5
UK 11 -14 55 10 15 7
QD5 L’Union européenne s’est engagée à augmenter le niveau de l'aide au développement qu’elle fournit aux pays en voie de développement. Au vu de la situation économique actuelle, laquelle des propositions suivantes se rapproche le plus de votre opinion ?
QD5 The European Union has promised to increase the level of its aid towards developing countries. Given the current economic situation, which of the following propositions best describe your opinion?
QD5 Die EU hat sich verpflichtet, den Umfang ihrer Entwicklungshilfe für Entwicklungsländer zu erhöhen. Welche der folgenden Aussagen entspricht angesichts der aktuellen wirtschaftlichen Lage am ehesten Ihrer Meinung ?
Nous devrions augmenter l’aide européenne aux pays en voie de développement
au-delà de ce qui a déjà été promis
We should increase European aid to developing countries beyond what is
already promised
Wir sollten die europäische Entwicklungshilfe für die
Entwicklungsländer stärker erhöhen als bisher
versprochen
Nous devrions tenir notre promesse d’augmenter l’aide
aux pays en voie de développement
We should keep our promise to increase aid to developing
countries
Wir sollten unsere anfänglichen Versprechen an
die Entwicklungsländer halten, aber nicht mehr
Nous ne devrions pas augmenter l’aide aux pays en voie de développement, même si cela a été promis
We should not increase the levels of aid to developing
countries even though it has been promised
Wir sollten die Entwicklungshilfe für die Entwicklungsländer nicht erhöhen, auch wenn dies
versprochen wurde
Special Eurobarometer N°352
2/2
%EB
73.5
Diff.EB
71.2
EB73.5
Diff.EB
71.2EU 27 14 3 7 -2
BE 19 5 2 -2
BG 23 2 18 -5
CZ 21 7 3 -4
DK 12 5 1 -1
D-W 14 2 7 1
DE 15 3 7 1
D-E 19 7 6 0
EE 15 -3 5 -4
IE 15 2 6 -3
EL 14 5 5 3
ES 15 8 4 -4
FR 14 2 4 -2
IT 13 4 8 -3
CY 12 8 7 -7
LV 23 -7 3 -4
LT 27 5 7 -7
LU 6 -5 3 -5
HU 13 -1 6 -2
MT 17 6 6 -11
NL 15 5 2 -2
AT 11 -5 4 -3
PL 9 1 12 -5
PT 16 11 9 -14
RO 12 6 22 -3
SI 20 9 3 -2
SK 15 2 4 -1
FI 11 4 2 0
SE 5 -4 2 -2
UK 15 2 4 -5
WN
QD5 L’Union européenne s’est engagée à augmenter le niveau de l'aide au développement qu’elle fournit aux pays en voie de développement. Au vu de la situation économique actuelle, laquelle des propositions suivantes se rapproche le plus de votre opinion ?
QD5 The European Union has promised to increase the level of its aid towards developing countries. Given the current economic situation, which of the following propositions best describe your opinion?
QD5 Die EU hat sich verpflichtet, den Umfang ihrer Entwicklungshilfe für Entwicklungsländer zu erhöhen. Welche der folgenden Aussagen entspricht angesichts der aktuellen wirtschaftlichen Lage am ehesten Ihrer Meinung ?
Wir sollten die Entwicklungshilfe für die
Entwicklungsländer verringern, da wir sie uns nicht mehr leisten können
NSP
We should reduce aid to developing countries as we
can no longer afford itDK
Nous devrions réduire l’aide aux pays en voie de
développement, car nous ne sommes plus capables de
l’assumer
Special Eurobarometer N°352
%
EU 27
BE
BG
CZ
DK
D-W
DE
D-E
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK
QD6 Pensez-vous qu’il y a une valeur ajoutée à ce que les Etats Membres de l’Union européenne travaillent ensemble pour aider les pays en voie de développement ?
QD6 Do you think there is added value in EU Member States working together on helping developing countries?
QD6 Sind Sie der Meinung, dass die Zusammenarbeit der Mitgliedstaaten der Europäischen Union bei der Unterstützung von Entwicklungsländern einen Mehrwert bietet?
Oui,tout à fait
Yes,definitely
Ja,voll und ganz
EB73.5
Oui, dans une certaine mesure
Yes, to some extent
Ja,teilweise
EB73.5
Non,pas vraiment
No,not really
Nein,eher nicht
EB73.5
Non,pas du tout
No,definitely not
Nein,überhaupt nicht
EB73.5
NSP
DK
WN
EB73.5
Total'Oui'
Total'Yes'
Gesamt'Ja'
EB73.5
Total'Non'
Total'No'
Gesamt'Nein'
EB73.5
38 38 10 4 10 76 14
43 37 14 4 2 80 18
33 36 9 5 17 69 14
14 41 23 9 13 55 32
54 34 7 3 2 88 10
34 38 12 3 13 72 15
32 37 13 5 13 69 18
26 35 16 9 14 61 25
46 38 7 1 8 84 8
49 35 6 1 9 84 7
19 44 17 3 17 63 20
60 29 4 2 5 89 6
48 32 7 4 9 80 11
35 40 10 3 12 75 13
37 29 7 1 26 66 8
30 48 13 2 7 78 15
14 40 13 5 28 54 18
63 26 5 1 5 89 6
33 41 12 1 13 74 13
49 30 3 2 16 79 5
45 40 10 4 1 85 14
16 52 20 6 6 68 26
21 53 9 2 15 74 11
22 49 9 2 18 71 11
36 38 5 1 20 74 6
16 42 16 4 22 58 20
21 44 18 4 13 65 22
28 48 17 2 5 76 19
65 29 2 1 3 94 3
45 36 10 4 5 81 14
Special Eurobarometer N°352
1/2
%
EU 27
BE
BG
CZ
DK
D-W
DE
D-E
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK
QD7 Au delà de l’aide financière, quelles politiques européennes suivantes ont un impacte positif sur les pays en voie de développement ? (PLUSIEURS REPONSES POSSIBLES)
QD7 Apart from financial aid, which of the following European Union policies have a positive impact on developing countries?(MULTIPLE ANSWERS POSSIBLE)
QD7 Welche der folgenden politischen Richtlinien der Europäischen Union haben, abgesehen von finanzieller Hilfe, positive Auswirkungen auf Entwicklungsländer? (MEHRFACHNENNUNGEN MÖGLICH)
Le changement climatique
Climate change
Der Klimawandel
EB73.5
Les migrations
Migration
Zu- und Abwanderung
EB73.5
Le commerce et la finance
Trade and finance
Handel und Finanzen
EB73.5
L’énergie
Energy
Energie
EB73.5
L’environnement
Environment
Umweltschutz
EB73.5
Les transports
Transport
Transport
EB73.5
L’agriculture
Agriculture
Landwirtschaft
EB73.5
18 22 43 21 22 13 33
23 26 49 28 26 24 45
16 21 40 35 28 15 30
9 20 50 19 23 16 42
33 16 62 22 30 14 47
28 19 40 21 27 8 35
27 19 41 21 27 9 35
24 21 45 21 27 12 32
7 13 48 21 24 18 32
22 13 55 18 17 18 34
21 30 53 36 31 21 27
19 37 35 15 16 10 30
14 18 35 25 22 12 38
14 29 39 22 18 12 24
27 34 61 22 36 11 26
5 15 37 18 9 9 25
6 23 38 23 8 7 19
22 21 42 21 20 9 33
15 10 47 27 22 13 42
24 36 37 29 25 6 19
19 11 60 11 20 17 45
26 34 42 36 31 22 40
10 17 38 20 17 16 33
13 21 39 17 15 12 25
16 25 45 19 22 24 43
17 15 48 21 18 25 36
15 17 51 23 26 22 38
26 17 46 22 29 5 42
39 19 58 29 40 20 44
17 18 51 17 18 10 25
Special Eurobarometer N°352
2/2
%
EU 27
BE
BG
CZ
DK
D-W
DE
D-E
EE
IE
EL
ES
FR
IT
CY
LV
LT
LU
HU
MT
NL
AT
PL
PT
RO
SI
SK
FI
SE
UK
QD7 Au delà de l’aide financière, quelles politiques européennes suivantes ont un impacte positif sur les pays en voie de développement ? (PLUSIEURS REPONSES POSSIBLES)
QD7 Apart from financial aid, which of the following European Union policies have a positive impact on developing countries?(MULTIPLE ANSWERS POSSIBLE)
QD7 Welche der folgenden politischen Richtlinien der Europäischen Union haben, abgesehen von finanzieller Hilfe, positive Auswirkungen auf Entwicklungsländer? (MEHRFACHNENNUNGEN MÖGLICH)
La construction de la paix
Peacebuilding
Friedensaufbau
EB73.5
Autre(SPONTANE)
Other (SPONTANEOUS)
Sonstiges (SPONTAN)
EB73.5
Aucun (SPONTANE)
None (SPONTANEOUS)
Nichts davon (SPONTAN)
EB73.5
NSP
DK
WN
EB73.5
43 1 2 8
52 1 2 3
41 0 1 15
38 0 1 4
56 0 1 4
48 0 3 8
48 0 3 8
47 0 4 7
44 1 2 9
49 1 0 8
41 0 3 3
39 2 1 5
49 1 4 7
43 2 2 9
60 0 1 4
28 1 3 10
29 2 2 15
50 1 2 5
48 1 2 4
54 1 1 5
58 1 2 2
47 3 5 2
30 0 2 12
45 1 2 13
33 1 1 15
45 4 3 3
33 1 2 4
55 2 0 3
63 1 1 2
39 2 2 10
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