early humans
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Early HumansWorld History
Mrs. Minks
Warm-up: On an index card write your answer to the following:
Describe how you think early humans might have spent their days.
Before History
Prehistory means the period before writing was developed
Story of early humans relies on archaeological and biological information
Archaeology and Anthropology
Archaeology is the study of past societies through an analysis of what people left behind (e.g. fossils, weapons, tools, pottery, etc.) These things that the archaeologists study are called artifacts.
Anthropology is the study of human life and culture. Anthropologists also use artifacts to determine how people lived their lives.
Dating artifacts and fossils Radiocarbon dating – accurate for dating objects that are no more than
about 50,000 years old
Dating artifacts and fossils Thermoluminescense dating – enable scientists to make relatively
accurate measurements back to 200,000 years
DNA gives insight into ancient civilizations
DNA is providing new information on human evolution which gives us even more insight into the lives of early peoples.
Early stages of development: From hominids to homo sapiens
Earliest humanlike creatures lived in Africa three to four million years ago and were called australopithecines.
Australopithecines were the first hominids (humans and other creatures that walk upright) to make simple stone tools.
Second stage in human development: Homo erectus which used larger and more varied tools (about 1.5 million years ago).
Third stage in human development: Homo sapiens (250,000 years ago). There were two subgroups of Homo sapiens:
Neanderthals
Homo sapiens sapiens
Neanderthals First found in the Neander Valley in Germany, more found in Europe &
Southeast Asia
Remains dated between 100,000 and 30,000 BCE
Relied on stone tools
First early people to bury dead
Made clothes from skins of animals that they killed for food
Homo sapiens sapiens First anatomically modern humans (CET65R8Vople who looked like us)
Appeared in Africa between 150,000 and 200,000 years ago, spread out around 100,000 years ago
By 30,000 BCE Homo sapiens sapiens had replaced Neanderthals who had largely died out, possible due to conflict between the two groups
By 10,000 BCE Homo sapiens sapiens could be found throughout the world
All humans today belong to the same
subgroups of human beings.
The Stone Ages
Paleolithic Era(Old Stone Age) Mesolithic Era(Middle Stone Age) Neolithic Era (New Stone Age)
Paleolithic Era: people lived as nomads, in small hunting and food gathering groups.
Nomadic Simple tools and
weapons out of stone, bone, or wood
Caves and rocky overhangs for shelter
Cave paintings Learned to build fire for
warmth, cooking, and signals
Tools used for hunting, protection, fishing, and shelter
Had spoken language Lived in groups of two to
three dozen people Men did the hunting Women gathered fruit,
berries, roots, grasses
The Neolithic Agricultural Revolution
Neolithic Agricultural Revolution was the change from nomadic to farming life. This led to the development of civilization.
People Before Relied on hunting and
gathering Nomads lived in small
hunting and food-gathering groups
Waited for migrating animals to return each year
People After Learned to farm and
produce own food Settled into permanent
villages Learned to domesticate
(tame) wild animals, providing a dependable source of meat
The End of the Neolithic Age
Between 4000 and 3000 BCE, the use of metals emerged
Copper was first metal to be used in making tools
After 4000 BCE copper and tin were combined, making bronze
As people mastered art of farming complex societies developed
By the beginning of Bronze Age large numbers of people were concentrated in Mesopotamia, Egypt, India, and China.
Welcome to the Bronze Age
Exit Ticket: On the back of your index card answer this question:
What important and dramatic developments took place during the Neolithic Age?
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