dy eco part 2
Post on 25-May-2015
1.335 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
Biodiversity
By Hasimah Azit
KINGDOMS
CLASSIFICATION OF ORGANISM
Monera
Protista Fungi
Animalia
Plantae
Monera
Prokaryotic organismNo nuclear membraneE.g. blue green algae and bacteria
Protista
Unicellular organism and a few multicellular.Eukaryotes Include algae protozoa and slime moldsHeterotrophic or autotrophicE.g. Amoeba sp, Paramecium sp,
Trypanasoma sp, Spyrogyra
Diatoms
Fungi
Multicellular and unicellularEukaryoteCell wall contain chitinMain body consist of thread like myceliumSaprophyticE.g. Mucor sp, mushrooms, yeast.
Plantae
ImmobileMulticellularEukaryoteProduce food by photosynthesisCellulose cell wallE.g. moss, fern, conifer and flowering plant
• Eukaryote Multicellular Heterotrophic Terrestrial And Aquatic Sexual ( A Few Asexual) Motile ( A Few Are Nonmotile) Things Like: Sponges, Jellyfish, Mollusks, Round Worms, Flat
Worms, Segmented Worms, Arthropods, Starfish, Fish, Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds, Mammals
Animalia
Classification
Classification: The process of putting similar things into groups.
Taxonomy: Is the science of classifying organisms.
4000 B.C. ARISTOTLE (GREEK PHILOSOPHER)Created first written classification scheme
>> TWO groups - plants & animals Animal group - anything that lived on land, in the water or in the air.Plant group - based this on their different stems
History of Classification
1500's - 1700's Many different classification systems created :
• Many of them really complicated
• Names based on common names - This created confusion
• Names also based on long scientific definitions
1700's - Carols Linnaeus Swedish Biologist
• Binomial nomenclature - 2 name naming system - still in use today.
• Created a system of groups called taxa or taxon
• Each taxon is a category into which related organisms are placed
• Approximantly 2.5 million kinds of organisms identified
• KINGDOM• PHYLUM• CLASS• ORDER• FAMILY• GENUS SPECIES
Modern Day Levels of Classification
THE EVIDENCE USED TO CLASSIFY INTO TAXONOMY GROUPS:
1) EMBRYOLOGY 2) CHROMOSOMES / DNA 3) BIOCHEMISTRY 4) PHYSIOLOGY 5) EVOLUTION 6) BEHAVIOR
Modern Taxonomy
System of scientific naming
TWO NAMES FOR EVERY ORGANISM: (Binomial nomenclature) GENUS SPECIES The system follows certain rules:
The scientific name must be in Greek or Latin language. This helps to accurate communicate information to other biologist around the world who
use many different languages.
The first part of the name is called the genus and the second part of the name is called the species.
The genus name refers to the relatively small group of organisms to which a particular type of organism belongs.
The second part of the name is the species. The species name is usually a Latin description of some important
characteristic of the organism.
• The Genus (or surname) as a general rule starts with a capital letter while the Specific name (or personal name) is written completely in lower case.
At times the Genus will be abbreviated to the first letter (the capital letter) followed by the Specific name in full, however this is only after the entire name has been written out in full once.
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Carnivora
Family: Felidae
Genus: Felis
Species: F. catus
Other member(Panthera tigris) (Panthera tigris)
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Carnivora
Family: Felidae
Genus: Panthera
Species: P. tigris
Kingdom: Plantae
(unranked): Angiosperms
(unranked): Eudicots
(unranked): Rosids
Order: Malvales
Family: Durionaceae
Genus: Durio zibethinus
Kingdom: Plantae
(unranked): Angiosperms
(unranked): Eudicots
(unranked): Rosids
Order: Malvales
Family: Malvaceae
Genus: Hibiscus
Species: H. rosa-sinensis
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Class: Mammalia
Subclass: Theria
Order: Primates
Superfamily: Hominoidea
Family: Hominidae
Subfamily: Homininae
Tribe: Hominini
Subtribe: Hominina
Genus: Homo
Species: H. sapiens
Subspecies: H. s. sapiens
A microorganism or microbe is an organism that is so small that it is microscopic (invisible to the naked eye).
microorganism
DISCUSS THE ROLE OF GATHER INFORMATIONS ON PATOGEN,VECTORS, SYMPTOMS AND METHODS
IN TRANSMISSION OF DISEASES
CONDUCT A FORUM TO DISCUSS THEIMPORTANCE OF PRESERVATIONS AND
CONSERVATION OF BIODIVERSITY
useful microorganisms
Anton van Leeuwenhoek's
discover microorganisms in 1675, using a microscope of his own design.
microbes
Microorganisms are very diverse. They include
bacteria, fungi, protists; microscopic plants (called green algae); Microscopic animals such as plankton, the planarian viruses,
HIV
Useful microorganism
Food production Food production
cheese industry in bread making,alcoholic drinks. Vitamins,
Medical Medical
genetically-modified bacteria are engineered to carry the gene for insulin, steroid cortisone, which is used to treat rheumatoid arthritis
the antibiotics
Industrial Industrial Symbiotic microbesSymbiotic microbes
The latest food fads have introduced a whole variety of algae and fungi as food.
Microbial enzymes are added to detergents to enhance their power as stain-removers and colour restorers.
Microbes in our intestines help produce certain essential vitamins
Rhizobium living in the nodules of leguminous plants convert nitrogen from the air
Useful microbes
Environment Environment Water Water
composting, microbes to degrade organic matter into fertile plant stuff, breaking down the organic substances into simple ones,
they break down the oil from oil spills
turning crud into water that is pure enough to be released into rivers or channeled into tanks for chlorination before it once again becomes drinking water
Useful microbes
Harmful microbes
Cause health problems such as strep throat, chickenpox and the common cold
Destroy foodDestroyed crops
Infectious diseases: How they spread?
Direct contact:
An easy way to catch most infectious diseases is by coming in contact with someone who has one.
1. Person to person - direct transfer of bacteria, viruses or other germs from one person to another.
- touches, -coughs on or- kisses someone who isn't infected.- the exchange of body fluids from sexual contact or - a blood transfusion.
Infectious diseases: How they spread?
2. Animal to personpets can carry many germsHandling animal waste can be
hazardous, 3. Mother to unborn child
A pregnant woman may pass germs that cause infectious diseases to her unborn baby.
Indirect contact
Droplet transmission – cough / sneezeInsect vector – dengue fever/ malariaContamination of water – typhoid/
cholera
top related