drill: draw & name reactants & products of:

Drill: Draw & Name Reactants & Products of:

•Two oxidations of 1-butanol:

Drill: Draw & Name Reactants & Products of:

Oxidation of

2-butanol:

Drill: Draw & Name 3 isomers containing carboxyl groups of:

C5H10O2

Drill: Draw & Name 4 isomers containing carboxyl groups of:

C6H12O2

Acid Derivatives

Acid Anhydrides

Acid Anhydrides O O

R1-C-O-C-R2

Acid Anhydrides•Formed through the dehydration of two carboxylic acids

Making Anhydrides O O

R1-C-OH + HO-C-R2

General Anhydride O O

R1-C-O-C-R2

+ H2O

Making Anhydrides O

CH3-C-OH +

O

HO-C-CH3

Diacetic Anhydride O O

CH3-C-O-C-CH3

+ H2O

H2C OH

H2C OH

OC

CO

SuccinicAcid

Heat

H2C O + H2OH2C

OC

CO

SuccinicAnhydride

OH

OH

OC

CO

PhthalicAcid

Heat

O

OC

C + H2OO

PhthalicAnhydride

Anhydride Hydrolysis

•The reverse of the anhydride

formation reaction

Acyl Group

O

R-C-

Acyl Group

O

CH3-C-

Acetyl Group

Drill:• Draw the reactants, then

predict, draw, & name the product of the dehydration of the combination butanoic acid & propanoic acid.

Esters

Esters O

R1-C-O-R2

Esterification•The formation of

esters

Esterification O

R1-C-OH + HO-R2Acid

Ester O

R1-C-O-R2

+ H2O

O

OH + HO-CH3

OH HCl

Methanol

Salicylic Acid

O

O-CH3

OH + H2O

Methyl Salicate

Oil of Wintergreen

EsterificationO

OH O

OH + O

AceticAnhydride

Salicylic Acid

C-CH3

C-CH3 O

Acetyl salicylic AO

OH O

O

Acetic acid

Aspirin

C-CH3

OC-CH3

HO+

Common Esters

Ethyl Formate O

H-C-O-CH2-CH3

Rum

Octyl acetate O

H3C-C-O-(CH2)7-CH3

Oranges

Pentyl acetate O

H3C-C-O-(CH2)4-CH3

Bananas

Ethyl butyrate O

H2C-C-O-CH2-CH3

CH2-CH3

Pineapples

Pentyl butyrate O

H2C-C-O-(CH2)4-CH3

CH2-CH3

Apricots

Methyl butyrate O

H2C-C-O-CH3

CH2-CH3

Apples

Predict Product O

CH3-CH2-CH2-C-OH

O

+ HO-C-CH3 + Heat

Common Biological Ester O

H2C-OH + HO-C-R1

O

HC-OH + HO-C-R2

O

H2C-OH + HO-C-R3

Triglyceride O

H2C-O-C-R1

O

HC-O-C-R2

O + 3 H2O

H2C-O-C-R3

Common Biological Ester

H2C-OH + HO-PO3-2

O

HC-OH + HO-C-R2

O

H2C-OH + HO-C-R3

Phosphoglyceride

H2C-O-PO3-2

O

HC-O-C-R2

O + 3 H2O

H2C-O-C-R3

Drill:•Draw the reactants, then predict & draw the products of dehydration synthesis when phenol is added to formic acid.

Ester Hydrolysis•Adding water to an ester in acid or base to break it down into an acid & an alcohol

Ester Hydrolysis O

R1-C-O-R2base + H2O

Acid & Alcohol O

R1-C-OH + HO-R2

Polyester•A polymer made up

of monomers connected by ester

bonds

Making Polyesters O O

HO-C-R-C-OH

+

HO-R2-OH

Thioesters O

R1-C- S-R2

Thioesters In thioesters, the single bonded oxygen is replaced with sulfur

Making Thioesters Addition of a thiol to an acid or an anhydride

Acid & Thiol O

R1-C-OH + HS-R2

Thioesters O

R1-C- S-R2 + H2O

Making a Common Thioester

O

CH3-C-OH + HS-CoA

Making a Common Thioester

O

CH3-C-OH + HS-CoA

Acyl Group

O

CH3-C-S-CoA

Acetyl CoA

Phosphoric Acid O

HO-P-OH

OH

At pH 7 ish O O

-O-P-OH & -O-P-O-

OH OH

P A Anhydrides O + O

HO-P-OH HO-P-OH

OH OHHeat

P A Anhydrides O O + H2O

HO-P-O-P-OH

OH OH

Phospho Esters O

HO-P-OH + HO-R

OH Heat

Phosphoesters O

HO-P-O-R

OH + H2O

Phosphodiesters O

HO-P-OH + HO-R

OH + H-O-R

Phosphodiesters O

HO-P-O-R

O-R + 2 H2O

Phosphorylation•Transfer of this phosphoryl group

through phosphoester bonds

Inorganic Ester H2C-OH HO-NO2

HC-OH + HO-NO2

H2C-OH HO-NO2

Nitroglycerin H2C-O-NO2

HC-O-NO2 + 3 H2O

H2C-O-NO2

Draw & Name 10 Isomers of:

C3H6O2

Drill:•Draw the reactant, then

predict, draw, & name the products for the

hydrolysis of Propylthioacetate.

Name

OH

Name

OH

OH