dr elham shafik aazam department of chemistry … 1.pdfpreface ديهمت chemistry is the study of...

Dr Elham Shafik Aazam

Department of Chemistry

Inorganic (Organometallic)

Associate Professor

Web Site

http://eazam.kau.edu.sa

e-mail

wayfield8@yahoo.com

Dr Elham Aazam 1

المقرر الكتاب: Chemistry- Raymond Chang- 10th Edition- .

عسري عبذهللا .د.أ و قاض محمذ .د) العامة الكماء مختصر :مساعذ كتاب(

للتمارن اإلجابة مفتاح على الكتاب حتىي practice exercises فصل كل نهاة ف.

للمسائل اإلجابة مفتاح على حتىي كما problems نهاة ف الزوجة األرقام رات

.الكتاب

CHem 110

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill

Companies, Inc.

Dr Elham Aazam 2

الساسات الواجب االلتزام بها :بالتال االلتزام الطالبة على

،الواجبات أداء المحدد، موعدها ف االمتحانات حضور المحاضرة، عن التؤخر تكرار عدم حضور

.المطلوبة

دون ،(محاضرات 8 عادل بما أي) المحاضرات مجموع من %25 عن غابها نسبة تزد الت الطالبة

.النهائ االمتحان دخول من تحرم عذر،

(هللا سمح ال القاهرة الظروف حالة ف إال) االختبار لها عاد لن االختبار عن تتخلف الت الطالبة.

االمتحان قاعة ف العباءة ارتداء عدم.

االمتحان ف حاسبة كآلة الجوال استخدام عدم.

تؤدبة للجنة وتقدم االختبار استكمال من وتحرم فورا الطالبة ورقة تسحب الغش حالة ف

1st exam : lec 1-8 (30 درجة)

2nd exam: lec 9-18 )30 درجة)

Final exam: lec 1-22 (40 درجة)

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Preface تمهيد Chemistry

is the study of matter and the changes it undergoes

الكيمياء

هو العلم الذي ختص بدراسة المادة والتغرات المصاحبة لها

Chemistry is often divided into the following five branches :

Organic chemistry: it deals with most compounds of carbon.

Inorganic chemistry: it deals with all the elementsand with compounds

that are not defined as organic.

Analytical chemistry: it involves finding which element or compounds

are present in a sample or how much of each is present.

Physical chemistry: it deals with the measurable propertiesof substances.

Biochemistry: it deals with the chemistry of living things.

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Chemistry:

SI-Units and their prefix

Chapter 1

Objectives

• By the end of this chapter you should:

• Know the 7 SI basic units and their prefixes.

• Be able to convert from one unit to other.

• Know how to derive units from the 7 SI basic units.

• Know the temperature Scales.

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International System of Units (SI)

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MCQ (Multiple Choice Questions)

Q) The SI prefixes giga and micro represent, respectively:

A. 10-9 and 10-6

B. 106 and 10-3

C. 103 and 10-3

D. 109 and 10-6

Q) The SI unit of mass is

A. The pound

B. The gram

C. The kilogram

D. The mole

Q) The SI unit of time is the

A. hour

B. second

C. minute

D. Ampere

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Q) The diameter of an atom is approximately 1 10-7 mm.

What is this diameter when expressed in nanometers?

A. 1 10-18 nm

B. 1 10-15 nm

C. 1 10-9 nm

D. 1 10-1 nm

1 10-7 mm = 1 x 10-7 x 10-3 m = 1 x 10-7 x 10-3 x 10+9 nm = 1 x 10-1 nm

OR

1mm = 10-3 m

1 10-7 mm = ? m → 1 x 10-7 x 10-3 = 1 x 10-10 m

(1)

1nm = 10-9 m

? nm =1 10-10 m 1 x 10-10 x 1 /10-9 = 1 x 10-10+9 m

= 1 x 10-1 m

(2)

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Q)How many microseconds are in a second?

(a). 1 x 10-1

(b). 1 x 10-6

(c). 1 x 10-15

(d). 1 x 10 6

1 µs = 1 x 10 -6 s

? µs = 1 s

1 x 1 / 1 x 10-6 = 106 s

Q) Which of the following is the smallest distance?

(a) 21 m → 21m

(b) 2.1 x 102 cm → 2.1 x 102 x 10-2 = 2.1m

(c) 21 mm → 21x 10-3 = 0.021 m

(d) 2.1 x 104 pm → 2.1 x 104 x 10-12 = 2.1 x 10-8 m

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Q) 6.0 km is how many micrometers?

A. 6.0 106 µm

B. 1.7 10-7 µm

C. 6.0 109 µm

D. 1.7 10-4 µm

1 km = 103 m

6.0 km = ? → 6.0 × 103 m

1 µm = 1× 10-6 m

? µm = 6.0 × 103 m

→ 6.0 × 103 x 1 / 1 x 10-6 µm = 6.0 x 103 + 6 = 6.0 x 109 µm

Convert km to m then convert m to µm (Two steps)

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Mass is the measure of the amount of matter in an object.

SI unit of mass is the kilogram (kg)

1 kg = 1000 g = 1 x 103 g

Weight is the force that gravity exerts on an object.

The Mass of an object doesn't depend on the location.

The Weight change with location.

An apple or an astronaut mass is the same on the surface of

moon as on surface of earth.

An apple or an astronaut weight is 1/6 on the surface of

moon than that on surface of earth.

Chemist are interested primarily in mass.

Mass and Weight

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5. Which of these quantities represents the largest mass?

A. 2.0 102 mg = 2.0 x102 x 10-3 g = 2.0 x 10-1 =0.2g

B. 0.0010 kg = 0.0010 x 103 = 1 g

C. 1.0 105 g = 1.0 x 105 x 10-6 = 10-1 =0.1g

D. 2.0 102 cg = 2.0 x 102 x 10-2 = 2.0 g

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Defined in terms of the seven base quantities

via a system of quantity equations.

• Area = width x length

• Unit of width = m

• Unit of length = m

• Unit of Area = m× m = m2

SI derived units

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Volume – SI derived unit for volume is cubic meter (m3)

1 cm3 = (1 x 10-2 m)3 = 1 x 10-6 m3

1 dm3 = (1 x 10-1 m)3 = 1 x 10-3 m3

1 L = 1000 mL = 1000 cm3 = 1 dm3

1 L = 1 dm3

Volume = width × length × height = m × m × m = m3

1 mL = 1 cm3

SI derived unit for volume is cubic meter (m3)

Common unit of volume is liter (L) and milliliter (ml) 1L = 1000 mL

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Q) How many cubic centimeters are there in exactly one cubic meter?

A. 1 10-6 cm3

B. 1 10-3 cm3

C. 1 10-2 cm3

D. 1 106 cm3

(1m)3 = (1 102 cm )3

1m3 = 1 106 cm 3

x

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Density Defined as the amount of matter in a given amount of space.

SI derived unit for density is kg/m3

1 g/cm3 = 1 g/mL = 1000 kg/m3

density = mass

volume d = m V

Density is an intensive property (does not depend on the

amount of mass present) So d= m/V is always constant.

Density of water = 1 g/cm3

Density of ethanol = 0.79 g/cm3 (Floats on water)

Density of Iron = 7.9 g/cm3 (Sinks in water)

kg/m3 is a large unit so we use g/cm3 and g/mL

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Q) A piece of platinum metal with a density of 21.5

g/cm3 has a volume of 4.49 cm3. What is its mass?

d = m V

m = d x V

= 21.5 g/cm3 x 4.49 cm3 = 96.5 g

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Celsius Fahrenheit Kelvin

212 °F 100°C

373 K Boiling point

of water

98.6°F

37°C

310 K Body

temperature

77°F

25°C

298 K Room

temperature

32°F

0°C

273 K Freezing point

of water

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K = 0C + 273.15

0C = (0F – 32)

9

273 K = 0 0C

373 K = 100 0C

32 0F = 0 0C

212 0F = 100 0C

0C = K- 273.15

0F = x 0C + 32 9 5

5

To convert K To 0F (Two steps) First convert K to 0C Then 0C To 0F

To convert 0F To K (Two steps) First convert 0F to 0C Then 0C To K

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Convert 172.9 0F to degrees Celsius.

0C = x (0F – 32) 9 5

0C = x (172.9 – 32) = 78.3 9 5

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(c) Convert -38.9 0C to degrees Kelvin.

K = 0C + 273.15

K = -38.9 + 273.15 = 234.3 K

(a) Convert 224 0C to degrees

Fahrenheit?

°F = (9 /5 ) × °C + 32

°F = [(9 /5 ) × 224 ] + 32 = 435 0F

(b) Convert -452 0F to degrees

Celsius.

°C = (5 /9 ) (°F - 32)

°C = (5 /9 ) (-452 - 32) = -269 0C

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Q) Ammonia boils at -33.4C. What temperature is this in F?

A. -60.1F

B. -92.1F

C. -28.1F

D. +13.5F

°F = [(9 /5) × -33.4] + 32 = -28.1 0F

0F = (9/5) x 0C + 32

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