do now – write something in your notebook that you know about china’s culture, history, etc.,

Do Now – Write something in your notebook that you know about China’s culture, history, etc.,

Imperialism in China

It’s 1839 and China’s got problems!

Write: “Chapter 12 – Asian Imperialism”at the head of your notes

Queen VictoriaEngland

William II (Wilhelm)Germany

Czar Nicholas IIRussia

Lady LibertyFrench

SamuraiJapan

Qing OfficialChina

Decline of the Qing dynasty• Entering the 1800s, China is doing well on

its own… but problems arise• The ruling Qing dynasty declined because

of internal and external pressures:

1. Internal – corruption, peasant unrest, incompetence, growing population, food shortages

2. External – intense external pressure applied to Chinese society by the modern West

British frustrations in China

• *China, largest untapped market in Eastern Asia

• British restricted to a small trading outpost in Guangzhou (GWONG JO)

• British have an unfavourable balance of trade with China

• *GUESS! What is Britain’s response?

Opium trade

• British start selling Opium – highly addictive drug – make a huge profit

• Opium is grown in northern India under the British East India Company and then shipped directly to Chinese markets.

• Opium destroys the Chinese workforce, creates entire generations of drug-addicts

• Chinese had already made trade of opium illegal

Do Now

• Read Chinese ambassador, Lin Zexu’s (ghee-shoe) appeal to Queen Victoria. What was he asking for? Imagine you are Queen Victoria – write a brief response.

The British and the Queen ignore the Chinese appeals to stop the sale of Opium – the Chinese are left with no alternative but to resist.

• Chinese government blockades Guangzhou.• Chinese try to force traders to surrender their chests of opium• Britain responds with force, OPIUM WARS 1839-1842• Chinese humiliated - British easily defeat the less developed military

Safari Montage Video – China (Chapter 1, second section – 3 min 6 sec)

Treaty of Nanjing, 1842

1. Chinese open 5 coastal ports to British trade2. Limit taxes on British goods3. Chinese pay for the costs of the war4. Chinese give British island of Hong Kong

*Extraterritoriality – Europeans living in sections of China were subject to their own (European) laws, not Chinese law.

Imagine you are…

• Explain your feelings about the Treaty of Nanjing – what are your choices? If you were the following people:

1. A Chinese merchant trader working in a seaport that has just been opened to trade

2. A Chinese peasant who has been asked to pay extra taxes to pay for the war, who also is asked to grow more rice for trade

3. Captain of a ship in the British East India Company

4. A Christian missionary from Europe living in China

Consider:Why are European countries concerned about the Tai

Ping Rebellion?

What does Mr. Mooney mean when he says, ‘the West,’ or ‘Westernize’?

Bonus Question!

Tai Ping Rebellion (1850-1864)

• Peasant revolt led by Hong Xiaquan• Leads to civil war

– Fighting for rights• Land ownership• Equal rights for women

• Chinese government seeks help from Western armies (British)

• 20 million people die• China begins to “westernize” or

modernize as a result

Open Door Policy

• British and U.S. pressure force China to open ports to all

• France, Germany, Japan also get access – each nation gets their own coastal area of China

• Spheres of Influence develop

Consider…

• The Boxer Rebellion, also known as the Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists, derives its name from what practice or idea?

Consider…

• The Boxer Rebellion – What is the goal?

Boxer Rebellion

1898-1901

• Angry at western influence, a group of “shadow boxers” target violence at Christian missionaries

• International Army puts down rebellion

China “Resists” and is Broken

• The Opium War

• Treaty of Nanjing

• Tai Ping Rebellion

• Spheres of Influence & the Open Door Policy

• Boxer Rebellion

Hong Xiuquan

Guang Xu

Empress Dowager Cixi

Spheres of Influence – Areas where imperial powers had exclusive trading rights

China “Resists” and is Broken• The Opium War

– 1 sentence summary

• Treaty of Nanjing– 1 sentence summary

• Tai Ping Rebellion– 1 sentence summary

• Spheres of Influence & the Open Door Policy– 1 sentence summary

• Boxer Rebellion – 1 sentence summary

• The Opium War– Great Britain is importing (smuggling) Opium into China: leads to greater demand (spending more

money) as large portion of population becomes addicted.– China asked G.B. to stop opium imports, but G.B. refuses leads to war.– Opium war is a complete disaster for Chinese: do not have military technology to face G.B.– Lose war and are have to sign treaty of Nanjing 1842– Results in weakening of Chinese authority over own country

• Treaty of Nanjing- Forced opening of Chinese ports to foreign trade- Island of Hong Kong is given to Great Britain - China has to pay G.B. back for the costs of the war

• Tai Ping Rebellion– Chinese revolt- raising up against Manchu (Chinese) gov’t– Chinese gov’t needs western intervention to defeat rebels

• Spheres of Influence & the Open Door Policy

– Weakened by Opium War and Tai Ping rebellion other countries force open the door of China to other foreign powers.

– Other countries like France, Russia, and Japan create “spheres of influence” across China.

• Boxer Rebellion – Peasant uprising that attempted to drive all foreigners out of China – Name comes from boxing “rituals” that they practiced– Boxers targeted Christian missionaries – An international army was sent in to put down the rebellion- peace agreement signed in 1901

China “Resists” and is Broken

Do NowWhat could other Asian countries learn from China’s

experience?

• WHAT WAS THE PURPOSE OF COMMODORE MATTHEW PERRY’S EXPEDITION TO JAPAN?

Ch. 12 Sect. 2 – Imperialism in Japan

Imperialism in Japan

An End to Isolation

• Tokugawa shogunate had isolated Japan from virtually all contact from the outside world.

• Only maintained formal relations with Korea, and informal trading links with Dutch and Chinese merchants at Nagasaki.

• Foreign shipwrecked sailors were held captive, displayed in cages

Perry Expeditions• 1853, Commodore

Matthew Perry, fleet of American warships arrive in Edo Bay (Tokyo).

• Perry sought to, “bring a singular and isolated people into the family of civilized nations”

• Brought with him a letter from president Millard Fillmore

Fillmore’s Letter…

1. Asked for better treatment of sailors shipwrecked on the Japanese islands

2. Opening of foreign relations between the United States and Japan

• Question ultimately decided by the guns of Commodore Perry’s ships.

• Under military pressure, Japan granted concessions, or political compromises

Treaty of Kanagawa

1. Opened new ports to Western traders, and established a U.S. consulate in Japan.

2. Japan learns from China*

* Japan eventually recognizes that colonies provided Western powers with sources of raw materials, inexpensive labor, and markets for their manufactured products.

Motto becomes, “Strengthen the army”

ReformWhat was the Meiji

Restoration?

Meiji Emperor 1867-1912Emperor Mutsuhito

Pronounced May-jee

• Set of reforms to Japan put in place by new emperor (Shogun is eliminated)

• Industrialize (modern industry/railroad)

• Model Gov’t after West• Universal Education• Land ownership• Build Military

The Meiji Restoration marks a major change to Japanese

society • One example – the

samurai class is eliminated

If you can’t beat em, join em…

• To compete, Japan would also have to expand.• Goes to war with China over control of Korea,

• Japan wins, also acquires Taiwan • Defeat Russia’s Baltic fleet in the Russo-Japanese War 1905

• Meiji Restoration- Unites the Japanese nation under a single ceremonial ruler- the emperor.

- His advisers were the ones running the country

- Abolition of feudalism gave Japanese people opportunities to work in new fields brought on by the Industrial Revolution

- Government promoted this industrial reform by paying for then selling to private individuals

- Gov’t introduced national education system- most Japanese attended public school for 6 years

- Created a Constitution and an elected parliament- governments just like they had in the west

- Changed legal system - Western nations recognized these changes and acknowledge Japan as an equal

• Imperialist Japan– Japan begins to conquer foreign lands

• Takes over Korea, Part of China, and Taiwan

– Creates a Sphere of Influence in China – but forced to return by European nations– Defeats Russia in war to protect its colony of Korea

Japan Reforms and Joins the West

Western Influences

• What does Japan take from the West?

Influences• Constitution modeled after

Germany• Established Colonial Empire• Compulsory military service• Women’s Rights Movement• Universal Education• Baseball introduced

Looking ahead:

The Americas

Who had control of South America leading up to the 1800s?

Not sure?

Consider the language of the people…

Who might the figures in the picture represent?

What might be the suggestion?

Latin America

• It is called Latin America because people speak either Spanish or Portuguese, both of which are derived from Latin

Central America

Today in Class:

The United States &

Imperialism

Do NowWhat is the

Monroe Doctrine?

The Monroe Doctrine• After the Napoleonic

wars, Spain and Portugal wanted their colonies back

• The United States wanted to see the new republics stay independent

• In 1823 President James Monroe issued the Monroe Doctrine warning Europeans to stay out of the Americas, and the US would stay out of Europe

Spanish-American War

1898 - Why attack the Philippines?

• The United States fights Spain so that Cuba may become independent.

• The United States gains land– Guam (Pacific Island)– The Philippines – Puerto Rico

Spanish-American War

• 1904 – Roosevelt Corollary – extension of the Monroe Doctrine that states the U.S. has the right to be “an international police power” in the Western Hemisphere

Panama Canal

• US wanted to build a canal through Colombia to cut sailing time from the east coast to the west coast in half

• Colombia wouldn’t give or sell us land so…• Teddy Roosevelt supported a rebellion that led to

Panama becoming independent from Colombia and allowing us to build the canal

• The canal opened in 1914• The U.S. controlled the canal until Dec 31, 1999

Like water steps,A system of channel locks raise and lower ships across the change in elevation.

China “Resists” and is Broken

• The Opium War– 1 sentence summary

• Treaty of Nanjing– 1 sentence summary

• Tai Ping Rebellion– 1 sentence summary

• Spheres of Influence & the Open Door Policy– 1 sentence summary

• Boxer Rebellion – 1 sentence summary

Japan Reforms and Joins the West

• Perry Expeditions & the Treaty of Kanagawa– 1 sentence summary

• Meiji Restoration– 1 sentence summary

• Imperialist Japan– 1 sentence summary

The United States expands beyond the horizon of the West Coast

• Monroe Doctrine– 1 sentence summary

• Spanish-American War– 1 sentence summary

• Roosevelt Corollary & the Panama Canal– 1 sentence summary