do now!! what is an atom? why do we have a periodic table? what information can we find in a...
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Do Now!! Do Now!!
What is an atom?
Why do we have a periodic table?
What information can we find in a periodic table?
What is an atom?
Why do we have a periodic table?
What information can we find in a periodic table?
Chapter 6Chapter 6BiochemistryBiochemistry
ObjectivesObjectives
To define an atom.
To determine the make-up of an atom.
To list different elements that can be found on Earth.
To explain what type of information can be gathered from the periodic table.
To define an atom.
To determine the make-up of an atom.
To list different elements that can be found on Earth.
To explain what type of information can be gathered from the periodic table.
Brain-Based LearningBrain-Based Learning
Proton
ElectronNeutron
Name __________________
AtomsAtoms
Smallest particle of matter that still has chemical properties
Matter: anything that takes up space and has mass
Contain 3 parts
Protons: positively charged, contain mass of 1
Neutrons: no charge, contain mass of 1
Electrons: Outside nucleus, negatively charged, insignificant mass
Smallest particle of matter that still has chemical properties
Matter: anything that takes up space and has mass
Contain 3 parts
Protons: positively charged, contain mass of 1
Neutrons: no charge, contain mass of 1
Electrons: Outside nucleus, negatively charged, insignificant mass
+
-
Do Now!! Complete the chart:Do Now!! Complete the chart:
Electron
Neutron
Proton
MassChargePart of Atom
ObjectivesObjectives
To determine the make-up of an atom.
To list different elements that can be found on Earth.
To explain what type of information can be gathered from the periodic table.
To draw different atoms
To determine the make-up of an atom.
To list different elements that can be found on Earth.
To explain what type of information can be gathered from the periodic table.
To draw different atoms
Atoms make up ElementsAtoms make up Elements
A pure substance that can’t be broken down into other substances by physical or chemical means.
Made up of only 1 type of atom
Contain a unique name and symbol.
A pure substance that can’t be broken down into other substances by physical or chemical means.
Made up of only 1 type of atom
Contain a unique name and symbol.
So… if this is an atom… So… if this is an atom…
What makes atoms different?
How is carbon different from oxygen?
Different numbers of protons
What makes atoms different?
How is carbon different from oxygen?
Different numbers of protons
Periodic Table of ElementsPeriodic Table of Elements
Periods: horizontal rows
Groups: vertical columns:
elements in the same group have similar chemical and physical properties.
Periods: horizontal rows
Groups: vertical columns:
elements in the same group have similar chemical and physical properties.
**Organized based on the # of protons in the nucleus of an atom.**
Periodic Table InformationPeriodic Table Information
Atomic number- tells us the # of protons (and electrons)
Symbol- unique for each element.
Atomic Mass- # of protons and neutrons
Atomic number- tells us the # of protons (and electrons)
Symbol- unique for each element.
Atomic Mass- # of protons and neutrons
CC6
12.02
Lets practice!! Lets practice!!
N7
9.01
4
Ne20.18
C12.02
Complete the missing information and include the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
ObjectivesObjectives
To practice drawing different atoms.
To review parts of the atom by completing a worksheet activity.
To practice drawing different atoms.
To review parts of the atom by completing a worksheet activity.
Neutron Partners…Neutron Partners…
List the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons for the following…
Mg
Ca
Fe
Cl
List the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons for the following…
Mg
Ca
Fe
Cl
Drawing an atom…Drawing an atom…
Things to remember!
Proton # = Electron #
Protons and Neutrons are in the nucleus and add up to the atomic mass.
Electrons are arranged in energy levels
1st energy level holds 2 electrons
2nd energy level holds 8
3rd energy level holds 8
Etc.
Things to remember!
Proton # = Electron #
Protons and Neutrons are in the nucleus and add up to the atomic mass.
Electrons are arranged in energy levels
1st energy level holds 2 electrons
2nd energy level holds 8
3rd energy level holds 8
Etc.
Lets Draw Oxygen!Lets Draw Oxygen!
What is the atomic number of oxygen?What is the atomic number of oxygen?
Let’s Practice…Let’s Practice…
Please work on the worksheet in front of you!
Finish for homework and bring to the next class.
Please work on the worksheet in front of you!
Finish for homework and bring to the next class.
Do Now!! Do Now!!
Let’s draw:
1. He
2. O
3. S
4. C
5. Cl
Let’s draw:
1. He
2. O
3. S
4. C
5. Cl
ObjectivesObjectives
To discuss isotopes and relate their research to the medical field
To determine the number of protons, neutrons and electrons of ions
To identify types of bonds
To discuss isotopes and relate their research to the medical field
To determine the number of protons, neutrons and electrons of ions
To identify types of bonds
What is wrong with this picture?What is wrong with this picture?
Carbon
-atomic symbol “C”
-atomic # 6
-atomic mass 12.02
Do Now!! Do Now!!
Let’s draw:
1. Ar
2. Al
3. Na
4. Ne
5. Mg
Let’s draw:
1. Ar
2. Al
3. Na
4. Ne
5. Mg
ObjectivesObjectives
To discuss isotopes and relate their research to the medical field
To determine the number of protons, neutrons and electrons of ions
To identify types of bonds
To discuss isotopes and relate their research to the medical field
To determine the number of protons, neutrons and electrons of ions
To identify types of bonds
IsotopesIsotopes Isotopes contain the same # of protons and electrons
as the element, but a different number of neutrons.
Ex: Carbon-14
Contains 6 protons (still carbon)
Also contains 8 neutrons, instead of 6
Isotopes contain the same # of protons and electrons as the element, but a different number of neutrons.
Ex: Carbon-14
Contains 6 protons (still carbon)
Also contains 8 neutrons, instead of 6
Radioactive IsotopesRadioactive Isotopes
What is an isotope again?
Changing the # of neutrons changes the stability of the atom, causes decay in the nucleus or causes it to break apart.
Ex: Carbon-14 is used in carbon-dating. We can tell how old something is by how much carbon is left.
What is an isotope again?
Changing the # of neutrons changes the stability of the atom, causes decay in the nucleus or causes it to break apart.
Ex: Carbon-14 is used in carbon-dating. We can tell how old something is by how much carbon is left.
Radioactive IsotopesRadioactive Isotopes
Ex: Radioactive isotopes are used to help doctors diagnose disease and locate certain types of cancer.
Ex: Radioactive isotopes are used to help doctors diagnose disease and locate certain types of cancer.
What happens if there are different number of ______ than a normal atom?
What happens if there are different number of ______ than a normal atom?
Neutrons?
More protons than electrons?
More electrons than protons?
Neutrons?
More protons than electrons?
More electrons than protons?
“Happy” Atoms“Happy” AtomsAtoms need to have the right number of
electrons around them (happy)
Ions- charged atom or groups of atoms
Ions can lose or gain electrons to be neutral:Lose: form positive ions
Gain: form negative ions
Atoms need to have the right number of electrons around them (happy)
Ions- charged atom or groups of atoms
Ions can lose or gain electrons to be neutral:Lose: form positive ions
Gain: form negative ions
Na Cl
Do Now!! How many electrons does each of the following want to be “happy”?
Do Now!! How many electrons does each of the following want to be “happy”?
Oxygen Carbon Hydrogen Nitrogen
Oxygen Carbon Hydrogen Nitrogen
Do Now!! Do Now!!
Think-Pair-Share:
- If an ion is positively charged, does it gain or lose electrons?
- Negatively charged?
- How many electrons does O3- have?
Think-Pair-Share:
- If an ion is positively charged, does it gain or lose electrons?
- Negatively charged?
- How many electrons does O3- have?
ObjectivesObjectives
Identify protons, neutrons and electrons in ions.
Identify compounds.
Determine what information can be received from a chemical formula.
Identify protons, neutrons and electrons in ions.
Identify compounds.
Determine what information can be received from a chemical formula.
Lets Practice!Lets Practice!
List the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in each ion: O-
Na+
N3-
Cl-
F+
Are any of these atoms happy?
List the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in each ion: O-
Na+
N3-
Cl-
F+
Are any of these atoms happy?
More practice…More practice…
Do Now!! Do Now!!
Identify the element and then state if it is a normal atom, an isotope, or an ion.
Identify the element and then state if it is a normal atom, an isotope, or an ion.
ObjectivesObjectives
Practice identifying components of ions by completing a worksheet
Identify compounds.
Determine what information can be received from a chemical formula.
Compare and contrast ionic bonding vs. covalent bonding.
Explain what “Vanderwalls interactions” are.
Practice identifying components of ions by completing a worksheet
Identify compounds.
Determine what information can be received from a chemical formula.
Compare and contrast ionic bonding vs. covalent bonding.
Explain what “Vanderwalls interactions” are.
CompoundsCompounds
A pure substance formed when 2 or more elements combine.
Always formed using a specific ratio
Ex: 2 molecules of Hydrogen + 1 molecule of Oxygen will give us water (H2O)
Ex: fuel in cars (hydrocarbons)
Chemically and physically different from the elements that make them up.
Must be broken down CHEMICALLY, not physically
A pure substance formed when 2 or more elements combine.
Always formed using a specific ratio
Ex: 2 molecules of Hydrogen + 1 molecule of Oxygen will give us water (H2O)
Ex: fuel in cars (hydrocarbons)
Chemically and physically different from the elements that make them up.
Must be broken down CHEMICALLY, not physically
Chemical FormulasChemical Formulas
The number before the formula states how many molecules
Ex. 4 H2O = 4 water molecules
The subscript number states how many of that type of atom
Ex. H2O = 2 hydrogen atoms, 1 oxygen atom
The number before the formula states how many molecules
Ex. 4 H2O = 4 water molecules
The subscript number states how many of that type of atom
Ex. H2O = 2 hydrogen atoms, 1 oxygen atom
Let’s try some examples (electron partners)Let’s try some examples (electron partners)
For the following examples list the total number of atoms for each element and how many of each molecule.
1. C6H12O6
2. 3CH4
3. 5CO2
4. 3O3
5. 4HCl
For the following examples list the total number of atoms for each element and how many of each molecule.
1. C6H12O6
2. 3CH4
3. 5CO2
4. 3O3
5. 4HCl
Do Now!! Do Now!!
For the following examples list the total number of atoms for each element and how many of each molecule.
1. 2H2SO4
2. 4HNO3
3. 5MgCl2
4. NaOH
5. 4C6H8O7
For the following examples list the total number of atoms for each element and how many of each molecule.
1. 2H2SO4
2. 4HNO3
3. 5MgCl2
4. NaOH
5. 4C6H8O7
ObjectivesObjectives
Compare and contrast ionic bonding vs. covalent bonding.
Explain what “Vanderwalls interactions” are.
Explain what a chemical reaction is.
Identify reactants and products in a reaction.
Balance an equation.
Compare and contrast ionic bonding vs. covalent bonding.
Explain what “Vanderwalls interactions” are.
Explain what a chemical reaction is.
Identify reactants and products in a reaction.
Balance an equation.
Review!Review!
How many protons, neutrons, and electrons are in O2-?
Is Cl a compound or an element?
How do you find the # of neutrons?
Using the formula 3C6H12O6, how many atoms of oxygen are present?
How many protons, neutrons, and electrons are in O2-?
Is Cl a compound or an element?
How do you find the # of neutrons?
Using the formula 3C6H12O6, how many atoms of oxygen are present?
How do compounds stay together?How do compounds stay together?
Bonds!
2 most common types
1. Covalent- atoms share electrons
2. Ionic- atoms gain or lose electrons to bond
Bonds!
2 most common types
1. Covalent- atoms share electrons
2. Ionic- atoms gain or lose electrons to bond
Covalent BondingCovalent Bonding
Molecule: compound held together by covalent bonds.
Carbon (C) – form 4 bonds (another 4 e)Hydrogen (H) – form one bond (1 e)Nitrogen (N) – form 3 bonds (3 e)Oxygen (O) – form 2 bonds (2 e)
H2O
Molecule: compound held together by covalent bonds.
Carbon (C) – form 4 bonds (another 4 e)Hydrogen (H) – form one bond (1 e)Nitrogen (N) – form 3 bonds (3 e)Oxygen (O) – form 2 bonds (2 e)
H2O
Do Now!! Do Now!!
What are the 2 main types of bonds?
What happens with electrons in each type of bond?
What is a compound?
What are the 2 main types of bonds?
What happens with electrons in each type of bond?
What is a compound?
ObjectivesObjectives
Define “Van Der Waals” Interactions.
Explain what a chemical reaction is.
Identify reactants and products in a reaction.
Balance an equation.
Define “Van Der Waals” Interactions.
Explain what a chemical reaction is.
Identify reactants and products in a reaction.
Balance an equation.
Ionic BondIonic Bond
Some atoms tend to donate or accept electrons more easily than other atoms.
Ex. Metals (D) and Non Metals (A)
Some atoms tend to donate or accept electrons more easily than other atoms.
Ex. Metals (D) and Non Metals (A)
Van Der Waals InteractionsVan Der Waals Interactions
When molecules come close together, the attractive forces between slightly positive and negative regions pull on the molecules and hold them together.
The strength of the attraction depends on the size of the molecule, its shape, and its ability to attract electrons.
When molecules come close together, the attractive forces between slightly positive and negative regions pull on the molecules and hold them together.
The strength of the attraction depends on the size of the molecule, its shape, and its ability to attract electrons.
6.2 Chemical Reactions6.2 Chemical Reactions
A chemical reaction -atoms or groups of atoms are reorganized into different substances.
Chemical Reactions:
Production of heat or light,
Formation of a gas, liquid, or solid
A chemical reaction -atoms or groups of atoms are reorganized into different substances.
Chemical Reactions:
Production of heat or light,
Formation of a gas, liquid, or solid
Parts of a ReactionParts of a Reaction
Reaction- Molecules breaking or coming together
Reactants- What goes in the reaction
Products- What comes out of the reaction
Ex: Na+ + Cl- = NaCl
Reaction- Molecules breaking or coming together
Reactants- What goes in the reaction
Products- What comes out of the reaction
Ex: Na+ + Cl- = NaCl
Do Now!! Do Now!!
Glucose and oxygen react to form carbon dioxide and water.
Identify: Products Reactants Is this a balanced equation?
Glucose and oxygen react to form carbon dioxide and water.
Identify: Products Reactants Is this a balanced equation?
+ ATP
(energy)
Do Now!! Do Now!!
Identify: Products Reactants Is this a balanced equation?
Identify: Products Reactants Is this a balanced equation?
H2 + O2 H2O
ObjectivesObjectives
To balance equations.
To identify types of reactions.
To explain how an enzyme works.
To determine the difference between a solute and a solvent.
To balance equations.
To identify types of reactions.
To explain how an enzyme works.
To determine the difference between a solute and a solvent.
Balancing EquationsBalancing Equations
The law of conservation of mass states matter cannot be created or destroyed
The number and types of atoms must be the SAME on both sides of the equations
Ex. ___ H2 + ___O2 ___H2O
The law of conservation of mass states matter cannot be created or destroyed
The number and types of atoms must be the SAME on both sides of the equations
Ex. ___ H2 + ___O2 ___H2O
Electron Partners!! Electron Partners!! Balance the following equations:
1. ___ H2 + ___ O2 ---> ___ H2O
2. ___ Zn + ___ HCl ---> ___ ZnCl2 + ___ H2
3. ___ SiO2 + ___ HF ---> ___ SiF4 + ___ H2O
4. ___ K + ___ Br2 ---> ___ KBr
5. ___ Al + ___ FeO ---> ___ Al2O3 + ___ Fe
Balance the following equations:
1. ___ H2 + ___ O2 ---> ___ H2O
2. ___ Zn + ___ HCl ---> ___ ZnCl2 + ___ H2
3. ___ SiO2 + ___ HF ---> ___ SiF4 + ___ H2O
4. ___ K + ___ Br2 ---> ___ KBr
5. ___ Al + ___ FeO ---> ___ Al2O3 + ___ Fe
ObjectivesObjectives
To identify types of reactions.
To explain how an enzyme works.
To determine the difference between a solute and a solvent.
To list the properties of water.
To identify types of reactions.
To explain how an enzyme works.
To determine the difference between a solute and a solvent.
To list the properties of water.
Energy in ReactionsEnergy in Reactions
The activation energy - minimum amount of energy needed for reactants to turn into products
The activation energy - minimum amount of energy needed for reactants to turn into products
Types of ReactionsTypes of Reactions
Exothermic- released heat energy.oThe energy of the
product is lower than the energy of the reactants.
Exothermic- released heat energy.oThe energy of the
product is lower than the energy of the reactants.
Types of ReactionsTypes of Reactions
Endothermic - absorbed heat energy.
The energy of the products is higher than the energy of the reactants.
Endothermic - absorbed heat energy.
The energy of the products is higher than the energy of the reactants.
Demo time!! Demo time!!
Endothermic or Exothermic??
Let’s do some practice!Let’s do some practice!
Get with your neutron partners!! Get with your neutron partners!!
Determine whether or not the following are Exothermic or Endothermic reactions:
1. Combustion reactions of fuels 2. melting ice cubes 3. Nuclear Bomb 4. a candle flame 5. cooking an egg 6. Mixing water with Epsom salt
Determine whether or not the following are Exothermic or Endothermic reactions:
1. Combustion reactions of fuels 2. melting ice cubes 3. Nuclear Bomb 4. a candle flame 5. cooking an egg 6. Mixing water with Epsom salt
ObjectivesObjectives
To identify types of reactions.
To explain how an enzyme works.
To determine the difference between a solute and a solvent.
To list the properties of water.
To identify types of reactions.
To explain how an enzyme works.
To determine the difference between a solute and a solvent.
To list the properties of water.
What you should know about enzymes!What you should know about enzymes!
-Specialized proteins that act as “catalyst” (speeds up a reaction)
- Usually end in “ase”
-Not consumed in the reaction
-Specialized proteins that act as “catalyst” (speeds up a reaction)
- Usually end in “ase”
-Not consumed in the reaction
What do they do?What do they do?
How do they work?How do they work?
A substrate fits in the active site of an enzyme.
This forms an enzyme substrate complex.
They then break or form bonds.
A substrate fits in the active site of an enzyme.
This forms an enzyme substrate complex.
They then break or form bonds.
Do Now!! Do Now!!
What is the purpose of an enzyme? What was the enzyme used in your liver lab? What is a substrate? What was the substrate in your liver lab??
What is the purpose of an enzyme? What was the enzyme used in your liver lab? What is a substrate? What was the substrate in your liver lab??
ObjectivesObjectives
To identify types of reactions.
To explain how an enzyme works.
To determine the difference between a solute and a solvent.
To list the properties of water.
To identify types of reactions.
To explain how an enzyme works.
To determine the difference between a solute and a solvent.
To list the properties of water.
How do they work?How do they work?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XTUm-75-PL4 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XTUm-75-PL4
Do Now!! Do Now!!
Determine whether the following substances are heterogeneous or homogenous:Chicken noodle soupLemonadePuddingFruit SaladCole SlawMilk Chipotle Burritos
Determine whether the following substances are heterogeneous or homogenous:Chicken noodle soupLemonadePuddingFruit SaladCole SlawMilk Chipotle Burritos
ObjectivesObjectives
Review acids and bases.
List the 4 macromolecules of life.
Identify the 3 different types of carbohydrates.
Explain the importance of carbs in the body.
Explain why low-carb diets can be harmful.
Review acids and bases.
List the 4 macromolecules of life.
Identify the 3 different types of carbohydrates.
Explain the importance of carbs in the body.
Explain why low-carb diets can be harmful.
6.3 Solutions6.3 Solutions
Solution = Mixture of a solute dissolved in a solvent (ex: iced tea!)
How do things dissolve?
Polar Covalent Bond: Slight Positive and negative charges
Ex. H2O
Non-polar: Do not dissolve in waterEx. Lipids and Fats
Solution = Mixture of a solute dissolved in a solvent (ex: iced tea!)
How do things dissolve?
Polar Covalent Bond: Slight Positive and negative charges
Ex. H2O
Non-polar: Do not dissolve in waterEx. Lipids and Fats
MixturesMixtures
Solute- substance that is dissolved
Solvent- substance that the solute dissolved in.
Ex. Hot chocolate (Water and Coco Powder)
Solute- substance that is dissolved
Solvent- substance that the solute dissolved in.
Ex. Hot chocolate (Water and Coco Powder)
MixturesMixtures
HeterogeneousHeterogeneous
HomogeneousHomogeneous
What is the difference?
MixturesMixtures
Homogeneous- has a uniform composition throughout (a.k.a solutions).
Heterogeneous- components remain distinct.
Homogeneous- has a uniform composition throughout (a.k.a solutions).
Heterogeneous- components remain distinct.
Acids and BasesAcids and Bases Acids- Releases hydrogen ions.
Bases- Releases hydroxide ions.
pH- measure of concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution.
Acids- Releases hydrogen ions.
Bases- Releases hydroxide ions.
pH- measure of concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution.
BuffersBuffers
What happens to enzymes in a strong pH?
Buffers are mixtures that can react with acids or bases to keep the pH within a particular range. (We want to keep our body fluids at a pH of 6.5-7.5)
Hemoglobin
What happens to enzymes in a strong pH?
Buffers are mixtures that can react with acids or bases to keep the pH within a particular range. (We want to keep our body fluids at a pH of 6.5-7.5)
Hemoglobin
6.4 Macromolecules of Life6.4 Macromolecules of Life
Organic Chemistry - The element carbon is a component of almost all biological molecules. (Inorganic= no carbon)
Organic Chemistry - The element carbon is a component of almost all biological molecules. (Inorganic= no carbon)
Let’s ReviewLet’s Review
Carbon has _____ electrons in its outermost energy level.
One carbon atom can form _____ covalent bonds with other atoms.
Bonds enable carbon atoms to bond to each other = variety of important organic compounds.
Carbon has _____ electrons in its outermost energy level.
One carbon atom can form _____ covalent bonds with other atoms.
Bonds enable carbon atoms to bond to each other = variety of important organic compounds.
Do Now: Please complete the table! Do Now: Please complete the table!
Chemical/Symbol
Atomic Number
Atomic Mass
Bonds Formed
Carbon – C 6 12 4
Hydrogen – H
1 1 1
Nitrogen – N 7 14 3
Oxygen – O 8 16 2
Phosphorus - P
15 31 5
Sulfur - S 16 32 2
ObjectivesObjectives
List the 4 macromolecules of life.
Identify the 3 different types of carbohydrates.
Explain the importance of carbs in the body.
Explain why low-carb diets can be harmful.
Run our labs!
List the 4 macromolecules of life.
Identify the 3 different types of carbohydrates.
Explain the importance of carbs in the body.
Explain why low-carb diets can be harmful.
Run our labs!
MoleculesMolecules
Macromolecules -
large molecules formed by joining smaller organic molecules together.
Are also called Polymers -
molecules made from repeating units of identical (or nearly identical) compounds linked together by covalent bonds.
Macromolecules -
large molecules formed by joining smaller organic molecules together.
Are also called Polymers -
molecules made from repeating units of identical (or nearly identical) compounds linked together by covalent bonds.
Do Now!! Do Now!!
What are the four macromolecules of life?
What are some examples of saturated and unsaturated fats?
What is a trans fat?
What are the four macromolecules of life?
What are some examples of saturated and unsaturated fats?
What is a trans fat?
ObjectivesObjectives
To explain how the body uses fats and proteins.
To compare and contrast saturated vs. unsaturated fats.
To discuss proteins and nucleic acids.
To explain how the body uses fats and proteins.
To compare and contrast saturated vs. unsaturated fats.
To discuss proteins and nucleic acids.
CarbohydratesCarbohydrates
Sources of energy (ex: glucose)
Ratio of carbon : hydrogen : oxygen of 1:2:1
(CH2O)n
n = # of CH2O in a chain
Sources of energy (ex: glucose)
Ratio of carbon : hydrogen : oxygen of 1:2:1
(CH2O)n
n = # of CH2O in a chain
*Where there’s a corner there’s a carbon!*
Glucose
Do Now!! Do Now!!
- What are carbohydrates composed of?
- Identify the carbohydrates:
1) C6H12O6
2) CH3
3) C4H2O2
4) C24H36O24
- What are carbohydrates composed of?
- Identify the carbohydrates:
1) C6H12O6
2) CH3
3) C4H2O2
4) C24H36O24
ObjectivesObjectives
To explain how the body uses fats and proteins.
To compare and contrast saturated vs. unsaturated fats.
To discuss proteins and nucleic acids.
To explain how the body uses fats and proteins.
To compare and contrast saturated vs. unsaturated fats.
To discuss proteins and nucleic acids.
CarbohydratesCarbohydrates
Monosaccharide- values of n ranging from three to seven (simple sugar)
ex: glucose (n = 6)Disaccharide - Two monosaccharides
joined together
ex: lactose
Polysaccharide- many monosaccharides joined together
ex: glycogen (energy storage in muscle)
Monosaccharide- values of n ranging from three to seven (simple sugar)
ex: glucose (n = 6)Disaccharide - Two monosaccharides
joined together
ex: lactose
Polysaccharide- many monosaccharides joined together
ex: glycogen (energy storage in muscle)
Monosaccharide (glucose)
Disaccharide
Polysaccharide
Do Now!! Do Now!!
What are the four macromolecules of life?
What are some examples of saturated and unsaturated fats?
What is a trans fat?
What are the four macromolecules of life?
What are some examples of saturated and unsaturated fats?
What is a trans fat?
ObjectivesObjectives
To explain how the body uses fats and proteins.
To compare and contrast saturated vs. unsaturated fats.
To discuss proteins and nucleic acids.
To explain how the body uses fats and proteins.
To compare and contrast saturated vs. unsaturated fats.
To discuss proteins and nucleic acids.
LipidsLipids
Fats, oils and waxes
Made mostly of C and H
Used for energy storage and insulation
Fat – solid at room temperature Oil – Liquid at room temperature
Fats, oils and waxes
Made mostly of C and H
Used for energy storage and insulation
Fat – solid at room temperature Oil – Liquid at room temperature
Saturated vs. UnsaturatedSaturated vs. Unsaturated
Saturated Fats -
Only Single bonds between the carbons
Solid at room temperature (typically)
More unhealthy
Unsaturated Fats -
Double bonds between the carbons
Liquid at room temperature (typically)
More healthy
Saturated Fats -
Only Single bonds between the carbons
Solid at room temperature (typically)
More unhealthy
Unsaturated Fats -
Double bonds between the carbons
Liquid at room temperature (typically)
More healthy
ProteinsProteins
Made of small carbon compounds called amino acids Made of small carbon compounds called amino acids
Central Carbon
Atoms that make up Amino Acids:Atoms that make up Amino Acids:
carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen, and sometimes sulfur.
Amino acids are connected together through a PEPTIDE BOND.
carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen, and sometimes sulfur.
Amino acids are connected together through a PEPTIDE BOND.
Proteins in the BodyProteins in the Body
Involved in nearly every function of your body.
structural -
hair, collagen, muscle, skin etc. made of proteins
enzymes –
speed up chemical reactions
Involved in nearly every function of your body.
structural -
hair, collagen, muscle, skin etc. made of proteins
enzymes –
speed up chemical reactions
Nucleic AcidsNucleic Acids
Store and transmit genetic information.
Made of smaller repeating subunits called nucleotides
Composed of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and hydrogen atoms.
Store and transmit genetic information.
Made of smaller repeating subunits called nucleotides
Composed of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and hydrogen atoms.
Think – Pair – ShareLet’s Try TheseThink – Pair – ShareLet’s Try These
Think – Pair - ShareThink – Pair - Share
Try THESE! Try THESE!
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