digital literacy and ict in education

Digital Literacy & ICT in Education

M.G. SreekumarIndian Institute of Management Kozhikode

Agenda• The Information / Knowledge Paradigm – Some Thoughts• Teachers’ Concerns• Pedagogy Vs. Andragogy• ICT Overview• Changing Information Landscape• WWW • Digital Literacy • E-Learning Overview• Key Enabling Technologies / Tools for Schools• Open Source Software - Overview

“I never teach my pupils; I only attempt to provide the conditions

in which they can learn.“

Albert Einstein (1879 - 1955)

There are billions of neurons in our brains, but what are neurons? Just cells. The brain has no knowledge until connections are made between neurons.

All that we know, all that we are, comes from the way our neurons are connected.

-- Tim Berners-Lee

K = (P + I)S

OrganizationalKnowledge Sharing

Technology Information

People

Teachers’ Concerns

• Students can no longer prepare bark to calculate problems. They depend instead on expensive slates. What will they do when the slate is dropped and breaks?

Teacher’s Conference, 1703

Teachers’ Concerns

• Students depend on paper too much. They no longer know how to write on a slate without getting dust all over themselves. What will happen when they run out of paper?

Principal’s Association Meeting, 1815

Teachers’ Concerns

• Students depend too much upon ink. They no longer know how to use a knife to sharpen a pencil.

National Association of Teachers, 1907

Teachers’ Concerns

• Students depend too much on store bought ink. They don’t know how to make their own. What will happen when they run out?

Rural American Teacher, 1928

Teachers’ Concerns

• They say now the educational systems have undergone a paradigm shift and it’s no longer teacher-centric or classroom centric

- IT’S STUDENT CENTRIC !

- IT’S LEARNER CENTRIC !!

• Anonymous

• If Education goes out of Classrooms and the Knowledge gets liberated from Teachers, what would be the role of Educators?

• Anonymous

Pedagogy << Teacher

• Lectures• Exercises• Project works• Case method• Simulations• Games• Role plays• Live projects• Book reading• …

Andragogy >> Learner• Learner’s self-concept moves from dependency to

independency or self-directedness

• They accumulate a reservoir of experiences that can be used as a basis on which to build learning

• Their readiness to learn becomes increasingly associated with the developmental tasks of social roles

• Their time and curricular perspectives change from postponed to immediacy of application and

• From subject-centeredness to performance-centeredness

Indicators• Paradigm Shift -• Technology lifestyle• Trends in teaching / learning process• Emergence of a new “Digital World”• Vanishing links in the info. supply chain• Velocity - the order of the day• Business @ speed of thought • Learning / Unlearning / Relearning @ speed

of change

ICT in Schools

Acts as a Force Multiplier for the School

Student Centric Learning has added great value for both the learner and the learned

ICT in Schools

Role of ICT in Knowledge based Society

The National curriculum framework 2005 (NCF 2005) highlighted the importance of ICT in school education

Paradigm shift imperative in education:Imparting instructions, Collaborative learning, Multidisciplinary problem-solving andPromoting critical thinking skills

National ICT Agenda

KNOWLEDGEKNOWLEDGE--BASEDBASEDECONOMYECONOMY

PEOPLEPEOPLE- Work Culture- ICT Skills- Knowledge worker- Learning Society

INFRASTRUCTUREINFRASTRUCTURE- Communication - Fibre-Optic Cabling- Gigabit ATM- Satellite- Transport/Logistic- etc

APPLICATION &APPLICATION &CONTENTCONTENT- Smart Schools- e-govt.- Smartcard- Tele-medicine- Others

Popular InformationPopular

Information

Scholarly InformationScholarly

Information

DigitizedInformation

(DL Initiatives)

DigitizedInformation

(DL Initiatives)

Web Resources

Web Resources

The InformationLandscape

The InformationLandscape

Books, eBooksPOD, JLs, eJLs,

NewspapersAV media

Books, eBooksPOD, JLs, eJLs,

NewspapersAV media

Books, eBooks, JLS, eJournals, Scholarly

Articles, ePrint Archives,ETDs, eCourses

Books, eBooks, JLS, eJournals, Scholarly

Articles, ePrint Archives,ETDs, eCourses

Commercial,National,

State & Local LevelNGOs

Commercial,National,

State & Local LevelNGOs

Surface Web,Deep Web,

Multi-ModalSemantic Web

Surface Web,Deep Web,

Multi-ModalSemantic Web

The Google Generation

The Digital Native Generation

Magic of the Web• The universe (which others call the Web) is the place

where society keeps the sum total of human knowledge.

• It's where we learn and play, shop and do business, keep up with old friends and meet new ones ...

• Today we stand at the epicenter of a revolution in how society creates, organizes, locates, presents,and preserves information ...

• .... It's all the Web ....

Ian Witten et al. in "Web Dragons"

Google Syndrome

• Can we assume that a search engine will – intrinsically – teach how to find, manage and interpret information ??

• Effective use of technology to improve learning, productivity, and collaboration

• Ability to find, use, summarize, evaluate, and communicate information is critical to success in the global knowledge economy

Digital Literacy

• Skills, knowledge and understanding required to use new technology and media to create and share meaning

• Involves the functional skills of reading and writing digital texts:

– Being able to 'read' a website by navigating through hyperlinks and

– 'writing' and by uploading text as well as digital photos to a social networking site

• Knowledge of how particular communication technologies affect the meanings they convey, and the ability to analyse and evaluate the knowledge available on the web

Digital Literacy

• Optimal teaching and learning requires a full range of ICT tools, including:

– Broadband Internet connectivity;– Appropriate Software Applications; and– Operating environments

Digital Literacy

• Digital media literacy - a key skill in every discipline and profession

• Appropriate metrics of evaluation lag behind the emergence of new scholarly forms of authoring, publishing, and researching

• Economic pressures and new models of education present unprecedented competition to traditional models of the school/ university

• Keeping pace with the rapid proliferation of information, software tools, and devices

Challenges

• World of work is increasingly becoming collaborative

• Technologies used are increasingly cloud-based, and the notions of IT support are decentralized

• People wish to work, learn, and study whenever and wherever they want

• Abundance of resources and relationships made easily accessible via the Internet is increasingly challenging the educators’ roles in sense-making, coaching, and credentialing

Key Trends

• What are the relationships between the resources available to teachers in support of– technology adoption, – teachers’ attitudes toward technology, – teachers’ professional development, and – teacher use of technology and stage of adoption?

• What conditions are more likely to promote technology integration into classroom instruction by teachers?

• If change is to occur in the classrooms, it must begin with the teacher, not the technology

Technology Adoption to Enhance Teaching and Learning

Digital Natives• New Gen – Digital Natives

• Children are engaging more than ever before with technology and digital media:

– video games, – music editing, – animation, – social networking sites, – video sharing, – and other different forms of online

communication

Learning 2.0

What is E-learning?

The use of Internet technologies to deliver a The use of Internet technologies to deliver a broad array of solutions that enhance broad array of solutions that enhance knowledge and performanceknowledge and performance

Rosenberg, 2001Rosenberg, 2001

EE--learning is learning is

InternetInternet--enabled learningenabled learning

http://www.cisco.comhttp://www.cisco.com

E-Learning• ICT assisted/based systems• CBTs / WBTs• Online Courses / Courseware• E-Resources >> Learning Objects• Digital Libraries• Discussion Forums• Digital Portfolios • Tele / Video Conferencing• Web 2.0 based (collaborative) Learning 2.0

Enterprise IT Environment

Servers

Shared Data

Firewall InternetIntranet

Integration

PCs

You don’t understand anything until you learn it more than one way

Marvin Minsky

EE--learning: Blended modelearning: Blended mode

Chalk-and-board has longruled the classrooms• will not be eliminated• Less emphasis

Interactive Digital Content:• more emphasis• on demand learning• interactive

OSsLinux, BSD..

Web ServersApache, Java apps..

Server-Side ScriptingLAMP, WAMP, MAMP

Web ServicesTomcat, Cocoon,Ant, SRU/SRW…

RDBMSMySQL, PostgreSQL, mSQL…

Img ProcessingIMageMagick…

MLs1992+

OAI

ApplicationsEmacs, grep, sendmail, ssh…

Prgm LangsPerl, PHP, Python…

Open Source General Platforms / Applications

Mobile ComputingWML, WAP, WiFi...

Net/Web Security

Self

Stud

y / D

isco

very

Group Study / Collaboration

Knowled

ge

Manag

emen

t

PersonalDash Board

DigitalLibrary

PushTechnology

WorkgroupStrategic Info.

KnowledgeMap

Best PracticesRepository

E-Mail

Contactgroups

A KNOWLEDGE INTERACTION INTERFACE (KII) FOR A KNOWLEDGE WORKER

E-Learning

Web Based E-Learning PlatformLMS - The Virtual Classroom

• Announcements - Front office of the virtual class room

• Course - Syllabus, schedule etc.• Staff / Instructor • Course Documents - Upload relevant reading

materials, articles etc.• Assignments - Essays, tests, and quizzes taken by

the students• Communication - E-Mail, Discussion Groups, Chat,

Roster, Group Works etc.• External Links - Links to outside Websites /

resources• Tools - Enabling students with various softwares,

application templates, digital drop boxes etc.

Learning Management System (LMS)

Moodle – Open Source LMS

Boom to students who are slow learners

Teachers find it difficult to adjust to the pace of learning of various students

Students have certain preference to Channel of Communication – Visual, Auditory and Kinesthetic

Students require a huge amount of information and resources available in the Internet, E-Journals, E-Books etc.

The entire lecture and clarifications can be made available in the LMS

Teachers’ Benefits from LMS

Test the learning of Students quickly through Objective type questions;

Student can be in touch with the teacher during any part of the day

Facilitates teacher to continuously monitor student’s progress

Time spent in studiesPace of learningAbility to translate the learning into practical applications

Social Media, Software & Networking

Web 2.0

Facilitates Networking

Provides Authentic Learning Experiences

Encourages Global Awareness

Creativity

Innovation

Critical Thinking

Collaboration

Fosters Communication

10 Internet Technologies Educators Should be Informed About

Internet technologies that have earned their rightful place

Video and Podcasting Resources – Lectures, How-to Videos

YouTube, TeacherTube, EduTube, SchoolTube …

Digital Presentation Tools Support classroom teaching as well as for distance modesProvide engaging ways in creating and delivering assignments/ reports etc.

Collaboration and Brainstorming ToolsThought organizing tools – “Mindmap”, Bubbl.us …

Collaborative Tools – Wikis, Virtual worlds …

10 Internet Technologies for Educators…Blogs & Blogging

Blogosphere

Blogger, Wordpress …

Social Networking Tools

Lecture Capture

Student Response Systems & Poll / Survey tools

Educational Gaming – Gamification of education

Open Educational Resources (OER)Educational Materials, Content and Tools

E-Readers, Tablets …Kindle, Nook, Pi, Wink, iPad, Akash …

Teaching, learning, and research resources that reside in the public domain or have been released under an intellectual property license that permits their free use or re-purposing by others

Include: Full courses, Course materials, Modules, Textbooks, Streaming Videos, Tests, Software, and any other tools, materials, or techniques used to support access to knowledge

E-Readers and Tablets

E-Readers and Tablets

KloudpaD Tablets – Rs. 9999/-

www.slatestore.in

Akash Tablets – Rs. 2999/- or 98/Month

www.ubislate.com

www.onlinecollegeclasses.com

www.schooltube.com

www.edutube.org

Digital Presentation Tools / Sites

www.slideshare.net

Bill Gates on EducationPredicts the (end?) of universities with eLearning on the rise

“Five years from now on the web for free you’ll be able to find the best lectures in the world”

“It will be better than any single university”

“Educational institutions are still vital for children, K-12”

“It’s just too expensive and too hard to get these upper-level educations”

“And soon place-based college educations will be five times less important than they are today”

College needs to be less “place-based”

• Six key technologies to watch and maps them along three adoption horizons, indicating the likely time frame for uptake in the mainstream use for teaching and learning

• e-Books continue to generate strong interest in the consumer sector and are increasingly available on campuses as well

• Mobiles enable ubiquitous access to information, social networks, tools for learning and productivity and much more. Mobiles are capable computing devices in their own right — and they are increasingly a user’s first choice for internet access

Technologies to Watch

• Augmented Reality brings a significant potential to supplement information delivered via computers, mobile devices, video, and even the printed book

• Game-based Learning has grown in recent years as research continues to demonstrate its effectiveness for learning for students of all ages

• Gesture-based computing moves the control of computers from a mouse and keyboard to the motions of the body via new input devices

• Learning analytics loosely joins a variety of data-gathering tools and analytic techniques to study student engagement, performance, and progress in practice, with the goal of using what is learned to revise curricula, teaching, and assessment in real time

Technologies to Watch…

I read, I forget

I discuss, I remember

I do, I inculcate

“We are guilty of many errors and many faults, but our worst crime is abandoning the children, neglecting the foundation of life

Many of the things we need, can wait

The children cannot

Right now is the time his bones are being formed, his blood is being made and his senses are being developed to him we cannot answer “Tomorrow”

His name is “Today”

Gabriela Mistral, 1948

Digital literacy enables educators to contribute to enhancing learners' potential for participation in digital media

Enhances young people's ability to use digital media in ways that strengthen their skills, knowledge and understanding as learners

Heighten their capacities for social, cultural, civic and economic participation in everyday life

Conclusion

It is not the strongest of the species that survives, nor the most intelligent that survives. It is the one

that is the most adaptable one to change

- Charles Darwin

The illiterate of the 21st century will not be those who cannot read and write, but those who cannot

learn, unlearn and relearn

- Alvin Toffler, in Rethinking the Future