development of vessels (special embryology)

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DEVELOPMENT OF ARTERIAL SYSTEM

AORTIC ARCHES(page 135)

Dr.Sherif Fahmy

Anatomy of Aorta

Dr.Sherif Fahmy

Dr.Sherif Fahmy

Dr.Sherif Fahmy

Abdominal aorta

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Aorta Before FoldingDr.Sherif Fahmy

Primitive aortae

Aortic sac

Heart tube

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Aorta After FoldingDr.Sherif Fahmy

Fused dorsal aortae from 4th thoracic somite to 4th lumbar somite

Dorsal aortae

1st aortic arch

Aortic sac

Heart tube

Ventral aorta

Pharynx

Dr.Sherif Fahmy

Dr.Sherif Fahmy

Left dorsal aortaRight dorsal

aorta Aortic Sac

Left 7th cervical inter-segmental a.

Right 7th cervical inter-segmental a.

4th thoracic somite

4th lumbar somite

Truncus arteriosus

Pharynx

Right limbLeft limb

Dr.Sherif Fahmy

Maxillary a.Stapideal a.

Ext. carotid a.

Int. carotid a. C.C.A.

Ductus caroticus (Disappeare)

Rt. Subclavian a.

The aortic arch

Lt. subclavian a.

Descending aorta

Common iliac a.

Degenerating 5th arch

New branch of 6th arch

Degenerating part of Rt dorsal aorta

Degenerating dorsal part of Rt. 6th arch

Ductus Arteriosus

Dr.Sherif Fahmy

Dr.Sherif Fahmy

Dr.Sherif Fahmy

Development of The Arch of Aorta

(Page 137)Dr.Sherif Fahmy

Dr.Sherif Fahmy

Left dorsal aorta

Aortic Sac

Left 7th cervical inter-segmental a.

Truncus arteriosus

Right limbLeft limb

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Fate of Aortic Sac(Page 137)Dr.Sherif Fahmy

Left dorsal aorta

Aortic Sac

Left 7th cervical inter-segmental a.

Truncus arteriosus

Right limbLeft limb

Dr.Sherif Fahmy

Embryological Differences in the Course

of Rt & Lt Recurrent laryngeal nerves

(Page 139)Dr.Sherif Fahmy

Course of Recurrent Laryngeal Nerves

Dr.Sherif Fahmy

Dr.Sherif Fahmy

Rt. Subclavian a.

The aortic arch

Degenerating 5th arch

New branch of 6th arch

Rt recurrent laryngeal n.

Lt. recurrent laryngeal n.

Ductus arteriosus (persistent dorsal part of left 6th arch)

Degenerating dorsal part of Rt 6th arch

Dr.Sherif Fahmy

Dr.Sherif Fahmy

Dr.Sherif Fahmy

Dr.Sherif Fahmy

Dr.Sherif Fahmy

Fate of Dorsal Aorta(Page 131)Dr.Sherif Fahmy

Int. carotid a.

Ductus caroticus (Disappeare)

Rt. Subclavian a.

The aortic arch

Descending aorta

Common iliac a.Degenerating part of Rt dorsal aorta

Dr.Sherif Fahmy

Arterial System Defects

(Page 139)Dr.Sherif Fahmy

Double Aortic Arch

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Right sided aortic arch

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Aortic Coarctation

Post-ductal coarctation

Pre-ductal coarctation

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Interrupted aortic arch

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Abnormal origin of Rt Subclavian artery

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Abnormal origin of right subclavian artery

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Formation of Branches of Aorta(page 133)

Ventral Branches:1- Coeliac trunk.2- Superior mesenteric.3- Inferior mesenteric.Lateral visceral branches:1- Renal & suprarenal.2- Gonadal. Dr.Sherif Fahmy

Lateral somatic branches:They are intersegmental arteries that arise from aorta to run between somites. They divides into dorsal and ventral branches:A- Dorsal branches (well developed in neck):They form the following anastomosis:1- Post-transverse: that form deep cervical art.2- Post-costal: that forms vertebral art.B- Ventral branches (well developed in thorax & abdomen):They form the following longitudinal anastomosis:1- Pre-costal: that form costo-cervical, thyro-cervical and ascending cervical arteries.2- Ventral: that forms internal thoracic, superior and inferior epigastric arteries. Dr.Sherif Fahmy

Dr.Sherif Fahmy

Fate of intersegmental arteries:In cervical region: mostly disappear except the 7th cervical intersegmental arteries that form subclavian arteries.In thorax: Form posterior intercostal arteries and subcostal artery.In abdomen: form the lumbar arteries.In sacral region: Form the lateral sacral arteries.N.B. Umbilical arteries are firstly branches of dorsal aorta, then separate to be branches of internal iliac arteries. Dr.Sherif Fahmy

Development of Veins(Page 141)

Dr.Sherif Fahmy

VENOUS SYSTEMVitelline veins: - Upper part: left vein degenerates, right vein remains as

suprahepatic part of inferior vena cava.- Middle part: forms liver sinusoids.- Lower part: form portal vein.

Umbilical veins:-Right vein degenerates. Upper part of left vein degenerates. Middle part forms liver sinusoids. Lower part remains then becomes obliterated after birth to

be ligamentum teres. Dr.Sherif Fahmy

Dr.Sherif Fahmy

Dr.Sherif Fahmy

Cardinal Veins(Page 143)

Dr.Sherif Fahmy

They are longitudinal veins in the body of embryo.Cardinal veins:1- Anterior cardinal veins.2- Posterior cardinal veins.3- Common cardinal vein.4- Subcardinal.5- Supracardinal.6- Azygos line vein.

Dr.Sherif Fahmy

Dr.Sherif Fahmy

Dr.Sherif Fahmy

Dr.Sherif Fahmy

Dr.Sherif Fahmy

Dr.Sherif Fahmy

Dr.Sherif Fahmy

Dr.Sherif Fahmy

Dr.Sherif Fahmy

Dr.Sherif Fahmy

Common Cardinal veins: formed from union between anterior and posterior cardinal veins.

Right vein: forms proximal part of superior vena cava

Left vein: forms oblique vein of left atrium.

Anterior cardinal veins (from head, neck and upper limb):

-Anastomosis between 2 veins will be left brachio-cephalic vein.

Right vein: forms Rt. Internal jugular, brachio-cephalic veins and upper part of superior vena cava.

Left vein: forms left internal jugular vein and proximal part of left superior intercostal vein.. Dr.Sherif Fahmy

Posterior cardinal vein:

-Anastomosis between the caudal ends of Rt & Lt veins will form left common iliac vein.

Segment Right posterior cardinal

Left posterior cardinal

Caudal to anastomosis

-Right common iliac vein-Right internal iliac vein

-Left internal iliac vein.

Cranial to anastomosis

-Degenerates except:Cranial part: forms arch of azygos vein.Caudal part: forms most caudal part of IVC.

-Degenerates except:Cranial part: forms part of left superior intercostal vein.

Dr.Sherif Fahmy

Subcardinal Vein Supracardinal VeinSite Ventrolateral to

abdominal aorta, connected to opposite side by intersubcardinal veins.

Dorsolateral to abdominal aorta and connected to opposite side by transverse anastomosis.

Right side -Right gonadal vein.-Right suprarenal vein.-Part of inf. Vena cava.

-Postrenal segment of inf. Vena cava.

Left side -Left gonadal vein.-Left suprarenal vein.N.B. Intersubcardinal anastomosis forms part of left renal vein.

-Disappears.

Dr.Sherif Fahmy

Dr.Sherif Fahmy

Dr.Sherif Fahmy

Dr.Sherif Fahmy

Development of superior vena cava:-Its upper part: is developed from lower part of right anterior cardinal vein.

-Its lower part: is developed from right common cardinal vein.

Azygos Line veins:-Present dorsolateral to aorta.

-Both veins are connected by transverse anastomosis.

-Right vein: forms most of azygos vein.

-Left vein: forms superior & inferior hemiazygos veins.

N.B. Transverse anastomosis forms the connection between hemiazygos and azygos veins.

Dr.Sherif Fahmy

Dr.Sherif Fahmy

Dr.Sherif Fahmy

Inferior Vena Cava• 1- Caudal segment: from caudal part of right

posterior cardinal vein.• 2- Post-renal segment: from right supra-cardinal

vein.• 3- Renal segment: from right sub-supracardinal

anastomosis.• 4- Pre-renal segment: Right subcardinal vein and

inter subcardinal anastomosis.• 5- Hepatic segment: Anastomosis between Rt.

Subcardinal and Rt. Vitelline veins.• 6- Suprahepatic segment: from Rt. Vitelline vein.

Dr.Sherif Fahmy

Congenital anomalies of vena cava:1- Double superior vena cava.

2- Double inferior vena cava.

3- Absent inferior vena cava.

4- Left inferior vena cava.

Dr.Sherif Fahmy

FETAL CIRCULATION• Oxygenated blood: Placenta left umbilical

vein Lt branch of portal vein Ductus venosus------ Inferior vena cava Rt atrium Foramen ovale Lt atrium Left ventricle Aorta carotid & subclavian arteries H & N

• Non-oxygenated blood: Venous blood from upper ½ of body Superior vena cava Rt atrium Rt ventricle pulmonary trunk left pulmonary artery ductus arteriosus Arch of aorta Descending aorta Umbilical arteries placenta.

Dr.Sherif Fahmy

Dr.Sherif Fahmy

Changes that occur at birthA- Immediate changes:1- Start of pulmonary circulation.2- Functional closure of foramen ovale.3- Functional closure of ductus arteriosus.B- Late fibrotic changes:1- Left umbilical vein ligamentum teres.2- Ductus venosus ligamentum venosum.3- Ductus arteriosus ligamentum arteriosum.4- Distal part of umbilical artery lateral umbilical

ligament. Dr.Sherif Fahmy

Dr.Sherif Fahmy

With my best wishes Dr. Sherif Fahmy

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