desalination: solution to water scarcity

DESALINATION & SUSTAINBILITY:AN APPRAISAL & CURRENT PERSPECTIVE ………………………………………………

Guided By, K .A Ouseph (Professor in charge)

Presented By, Sahla P.I S7 CE Roll No:51

Why not the “Natural Water”?

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“Our Globe possess more Water than land!!”

(Source: http//www.animatedgif.net/earthglobe/earthglobe8.shtml)

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•INTRODUCTION

•USE & COST OF DESALINATION

•DESALINATION PROCESS

•MAJOR DESALINATION METHODS

• REVERSE OSMOSIS

• SEAWATER GREENHOUSE

CONTENTS

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CONTENTS

• CASE STUDY: HBT RO PLANT: QATAR

• GLOBAL CONTEXT

• OASIS GENERATION PROGRAMME

• SEAWATER TO FRESHWATER BY RO:

(VIDEO CLIP)

• CONCLUSION

• REFERENCE 5

INTRODUCTION• DESALINATION : Saline water to fresh water

• It has both merits and demerits

• Positive side : Solves water scarcity issues

• Negative sides includes:

• High cost

• High energy required

• Environmental impact 6

INTRODUCTION(Contd.)

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• Regional Study of World Bank :

• Improve awareness on desalination.

• Concluded :

• Improper implementation leads to failure.

• Desalination could be made:

• Less costly

• Energy efficient

• Ecofriendly

•USES OF DESALINATED WATER• Drinking water• Domestic uses• Industrial uses• Agricultural use

• “THERE ARE COUNTRIES THAT HAS TO PAY MORE FOR WATER THAN OIL”

• Example: Middle east countries

• Costly

USE & COST OF DESALINATION

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DESALINATION PROCESS

Desalination Process(Source:www.canadianclear.com)

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MAJOR DESALINATION METHODS

• REVERSE OSMOSIS

• SEAWATER GREENHOUSE

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REVERSE OSMOSIS

• Semi permeable membrane

• Osmosis: lower to higher concentration through membrane

• To dilute the higher concentrated solution

• In RO, water flow from higher to lower concentrated side

• Low salt• More water

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OSMOSIS REVERSE OSMOSIS0

0.51

1.52

2.53

3.54

4.5

WATER ON HIGHER COCENTRATION SIDEWATER ON LOWER CONCENTRATION SIDE

Difference between Osmosis & Reverse Osmosis

REVERSE OSMOSIS(Contd.)

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• Helps in growth of crops

• Cools air flows through the house.

• Sunlight enter the house by special roof

• Provides humidity and moisture

• Air passes through the exit wall

and gets condensed

SEAWATER GREEN HOUSE

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SEAWATER GREENHOUSE(Contd.)

Seawater greenhouse(Source: www.seawatergreenhouse.com)

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CASE STUDY: HBT RO PLANT:QATAR

• HOWTAT BANI TAMIM RO PLANT,QATAR

• Aeration & Sedimentation

• Followed by Cooling towers ,Storage tanks & Sand filters

• Filtered water stored in RO building

• 16 Evaporation tanks are used to dispose:

• Rejected water:RO units

• Sludge: Sedimentation tanks

• Wash water: Filters 15

CASE STUDY: HBT RO PLANT:QATAR(Contd.)

Schematic diagram of HBT plant (Source: http://inpressco.com/category/ijce)

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• Concluded:

• Avg Raw water flow : 29975 cu m/day

• Avg TDS: 2000 mg/lit

• High iron concentration :(4-7) mg/lit

• Average daily product water flow :26282 cu m /day

CASE STUDY: HBT RO PLANT:QATAR(Contd.)

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Desalination Plants & their Output(Source:www.hitachizosen.co.jp)

GLOBAL CONTEXT

•Current global capacity : more than 15,000 desalination plants

•Number of People consuming desalinated water are likely to rise

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DUBAI

•Reverse Osmosis system

INDIA

AUSTRALIA•Powered by wave energy

•RO system Garden Island Desalination Plant, Australia

(Source: www.carnegiewave.com)

Minjur Desalination Plant neaChennai, India(Source: www.ivrcl.com)

The Jebel Ali plant in Dubai (Source: forums.canadiancintinent.net)

•Uses Distillation Process 19

IS IT POSSIBLE TO TURN OUR DESERTS GREEN???

OASIS GENERATION PROGRAMME :• An upcoming project

• Oasis: Isolated area of vegetation in  desert

surrounded by a spring /water resources

• Critical importance :trade & transportation in deserts

• Caravans travel via oases

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• Aim :Integrated large scale production of freshwater,

energy, biomass and ecosystem

• Simple Inputs : Nutrients, sunlight and seawater

• Work under sunny and arid conditions

• Integration of technologies: Seawater Greenhouse, Solar

Power & the extraction of seawater energy

OASIS GENERATION PROGRAMME:THE GREEN DESERT TOWER

21The Green Desert Tower

(Source: Chris-studio.blogspot.in)

SEAWATER TO FRESHWATER BY RO

(Source: http://m.youtube.com/watch?v=1xcGmv25rxM) 22

CONCLUSION

•Artificial solution & has both positive & negative phases

•Controversies existed until a decade ago

•Global warming turned landscapes into near deserts

•Expanding population: intense pressure on existing fresh water supplies

•Case study of HBT Plant: RO Process is less energy intensive method

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CONCLUSION

• WORLD BANK’S RECENT REGIONAL STUDY CONCLUDED THAT:

By Proper planning, technologies & implementation, Desalination could be made:

Less costly Energy efficient Ecofriendly

“Desalination is the most expedient way to satisfy our collective thirst.”

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• K.H Khalil, Farouk M.W and Abdul aziz M.E (2015)“Operational Performance and

Monitoring of a Reverse Osmosis Desalination Plant: A Case Study”

• Norouz S (2015), “Suggested Strategies in Water Treatment by Using Situ Pressure

in Reverse Osmosis”, Journal of Geology, pp 367-373

• R Calvo,S Castro, G.A Osorio,G Lopez & Calvo (2014), “Novel Membrane

Materials for Reverse Osmosis Desalination”,Hydrology Current

• Copeland & Lytle (2014), “Measuring the oxidation–reduction potential of

important oxidants in drinking water”

REFERENCE

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• Stover (2014), “a New Process for High-Recovery, Low-Energy RO Treatment”,

Journal AWWA, pp 74-77

• Shenoy, Abhita, Fathima,Jagadish & Rajalakshmi (2014), “Optimization of Pre-

Treatment Process in Sea Water Reverse Osmosis Plant”,Journal of Innovative

Research in Science, Engineering and Technology. Vol. 3, Issue 7, pp 14733-14740.

•  International Journal of Environment and Sustainability ISSN 1927‐9566 | Vol. 1

No. 3, pp. 22‐37 (2012).

REFERENCE

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THANK YOU

QUESTIONS?!