departmen of automobile engineering automobile servicing lab …madinpoly.com/pdf/labmanual/4/au -as...
Post on 13-Apr-2018
248 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
AUTO MOBILE SERVICING LAB
MPTC Page 1
DEPARTMEN OF AUTOMOBILE
ENGINEERING
AUTOMOBILE SERVICING LAB MANUAL
COURCE CODE:2059
SEMESTER-2
AUTO MOBILE SERVICING LAB
MPTC Page 2
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
Safety means protecting yourself and others from possible danger and
injury. Don‟t want to get hurt and you don‟t want to hurt others.
1. Work quietly and give your full attention, for the job you are doing.
2. Keep your tools and equipment under control.
3. Keep jack handles out of the way stand creeper against the wall when it is not
in use.
4. Never include horse play or other foolish activities. It cause some to get
seriously hurt.
5. Don‟t put sharp objects, screw driver in your pocket. You could cut yourself
or you could damage upholstery in the car.
6. Make sure you clothes are right for the job loose sleeves or ties can get
caught in machinery and cause serious injuries. Don‟t wear sandals or open toe
shoes. Wear full leathers shoes with non skid rubber heal and soles. Keep long
hair out of machinery by wearing a cap.
7. Don‟t wear rings, bracelets or watches when working around moving
machinery or electrical equipment. Jewelry can catch in moving machinery with
very serious results. Also if a ring or a bracelet should accidently create a short
circuit of the car battery; the metal of the ring or bracelet may become white hot
in an instant. This would produce serious burns.
8. Wipe excess oil and grease in your hands and tools so that you can get a good
grip on tools and parts.
9. If you spill oil, grease or any liquid on the floor, clean it up so that no one
will slip and fall.
10. Never use compressed air to remove dirt from your cloths. Never point a
compressed air blow gun at another person.
11. Always wear safety glasses or goggles or a face shield.
12. Watch out for sparks flying from a grinding wheel or welding equipment.
The sparks can get your cloths on fire.
AUTO MOBILE SERVICING LAB
MPTC Page 3
13. To protect your eyes wear goggles when using chemical such as solvents. If
you get chemical in your eyes, flush them with pure water at once and then see
the doctor as soon as possible.
14. When using a car jack, make sure it is centered so that it won‟t slip. Never
Jack up a car when someone is working under it. People have been killed when
the jack slipped and the car fell on them. Always use safety stands before going
under a car.
15. Always use the right tool for the job. The wrong tool could damage the part
being worked on and would get hurt you.
16. Keep your hands from the engine fan and belt when the engine is running.
You would be badly cut or even loose fingers, if your hand gets caught in the
fan or fan belt.
17. Do not stand directly in line with the engine fan when it is turning or the
engine is running. Some fans, especially fans with the flexible blade can throw
off a blade while spinning. A flying fan blade can injure or kill anyone if
strikes.
18. Oiling or greasing may not be done while the machine is being operated.
19. If the workshop is fired due to oil, petrol or electricity; it may not be
extinguished by water, must use sand and fire extinguishing gas.
20. Before starting any work; full planning of the work must be sketched.
21. Machines may be properly cleaned and lubricated before starting any
operation on them.
22. Clean the tools and machines at proper places after using them.
23. be careful while removing radiator cap of a hot engine cooling system.
Sudden removal of cap may cause burning of face and hands.
24. If cutting a pipe or metal piece by hacksaw do not over tight the hacksaw
blade.
AUTO MOBILE SERVICING LAB
MPTC Page 4
AUTO SERVICING
MAJOR STEPS INVOLOVED IN AUTOMOBILE SERVICING ARE ;
1. Trouble Shooting
2. Locating the root cause and dismantling.
3. Inspection of parts.
4. Reconditioning or replacement of parts.
5. Reassembling.
6. Adjusting.
1. Trouble shooting:-
Finding the problem of the vehicle is called trouble shooting.
2. Locating the root cause and dismantling.
After the trouble shooting dismantle the required parts as per the
procedure.
3. Inspection of parts.
After dismantling check the given part for wear and tear.
4. Reconditioning or replacement of parts.
After inspection replaced the worn out parts and installed new parts.
5. Reassembling.
After the repairing the parts reassemble as per the procedure.
6. Adjusting.
After reassembling adjust the give part as required.
STUDY OF 2 & 4 STROKE ENGINE
FOUR STROKE CYCLE ENGINE ( DIESEL/ PETROL ENGINE)
In four stroke cycle engines the four events namely suction, compression,
power and exhaust take place inside the engine cylinder. The four events are
completed in four strokes of the piston (two revolutions of the crank shaft). This
engine has got valves for controlling the inlet of charge and outlet of exhaust
gases. The opening and closing of the valve is controlled by cams, fitted on
camshaft. The camshaft is driven by crankshaft with the help of suitable gears
or chains. The camshaft runs at half the speed of the crankshaft. The events
taking place in I.C. engine are as follows:
AUTO MOBILE SERVICING LAB
MPTC Page 5
1. Suction stroke 2. Compression stroke
3. Power stroke 4. Exhaust stroke
Suction stroke
During suction stroke inlet valve opens and the piston moves downward. Only
air or a mixture of air and fuel are drawn inside the cylinder. The exhaust valve
remains in closed position during this stroke. The pressure in the engine
cylinder is less than atmospheric pressure during this stroke (Fig. 1a).
Compression stroke
During this stroke the piston moves upward. Both valves are in closed position.
The charge taken in the cylinder is compressed by the upward movement of
piston. If only air is compressed, as in case of diesel engine, diesel is injected at
the end of the compression stroke and ignition of fuel takes place due to high
pressure and temperature of the compressed air. If a mixture of air and fuel is
compressed in the cylinder, as in case of petrol engine, the mixture is ignited by
a spark plug.
AUTO MOBILE SERVICING LAB
MPTC Page 6
Power stroke
After ignition of fuel, tremendous amount of heat is generated, causing very
high pressure in the cylinder which pushes the piston downward (Fig.1b). The
downward movement of the piston at this instant is called power stroke. The
connecting rod transmits the power from piston to the crank shaft and crank
shaft rotates. Mechanical work can be taped at the rotating crank shaft. Both
valves remain closed during power stroke.
AUTO MOBILE SERVICING LAB
MPTC Page 7
Exhaust stroke
During this stroke piston moves upward. Exhaust valve opens and exhaust
gases go out through exhaust valves opening. All the burnt gases go out of the
engine and the cylinder becomes ready to receive the fresh charge. During this
stroke inlet valve remains closed (Fig.1d).
TWO STROKE CYCLE ENGINE (PETROL ENGINE)
In two stroke cycle engines, the whole sequence of events i.e., suction,
compression, power and exhaust are completed in two strokes of the piston i.e.
one revolution of the crankshaft. There is no valve in this type of engine. Gas
movement takes place through holes called ports in the cylinder. The crankcase
of the engine is air tight in which the crankshaft rotates.
Upward stroke of the piston (Suction + Compression)
When the piston moves upward it covers two of the ports, the exhaust port and
Transfer port, which are normally almost opposite to each other. This traps the
charge of air- fuel mixture drawn already in to the cylinder. Further upward
movement of the piston compresses the charge and also uncovers the suction
port. Now fresh mixture is drawn through this port into the crankcase. Just
before the end of this stroke, the mixture in the cylinder is ignited by a spark
plug (Fig 2 c &d). Thus, during this stroke both suction and compression events
are completed.
AUTO MOBILE SERVICING LAB
MPTC Page 8
Downward stroke (Power + Exhaust)
Burning of the fuel rises the temperature and pressure of the gases which forces
the piston to move down the cylinder. When the piston moves down, it closes
the suction port, trapping the fresh charge drawn into the crankcase during the
previous upward stroke. Further downward movement of the piston uncovers
first the exhaust port and then the transfer port. Now fresh charge in the
AUTO MOBILE SERVICING LAB
MPTC Page 9
crankcase moves in to the cylinder through the transfer port driving out the
burnt gases through the exhaust port. Special shaped piston crown deflect the
incoming mixture up around the cylinder so that it can help in driving out the
exhaust gases. During the downward stroke of the piston power and exhaust
events are completed.
EXP NO:
DATE:
IDENTIFICATION AND USES OF VARIOUS SPECIAL
TOOLS
AIM
To study about the uses of various special tools used in workshop.
TOOLS REQUIRED
Torque wrench, ratchet handle, piston ring groove cleaner, piston ring
compressor, piston ring expander.
MATERIALS REQUIRED
Petrol engine, cotton waste, diesel oil
DESCRIPTION
Torque wrench
A torque wrench is necessary to tighten bolts, nuts etc. to exact the torque as
specified by the manufacturers. Excessive tightening may lead to breakage of
the fastener and loose tightening will lead to leakage or breaking during
operation. Torque wrenches are available in special shapes and sizes. Newton
meter (N-m) is the preferred metric unit.
Piston Ring Compressor
Piston rings keep oil from entering the combustion chamber of a combustion
engine. Piston rings wear over time and will begin to allow oil to burn along
with fuel. Blue smoke emitting from the tailpipe of your vehicle signifies
burning oil and worn piston rings. New piston rings fit snugly against an
AUTO MOBILE SERVICING LAB
MPTC Page 10
engine's cylinder walls. Installing tight fitting rings requires a piston ring
compressor to keep the rings from catching on the upper lip of the cylinder wall
and breaking during installation.
Piston ring groove cleaner
It is used for cleaning the carbon deposits in the piston ring gaps.
Oil Filter Wrench
An oil filter casing hand-tightened during installation will tighten when the
engine heats up and cools down. During the 3,000 to 5,000 miles between oil
changes, the filter casing can tighten enough that a filter wrench is needed to
remove it. Oil filter wrenches are available in many variations but two common
styles are affordable and easy to find. Strap-style filter wrenches fit different-
size filters and adjust to tighten on a casing. Socket-style wrenches fit a
specified type and size of filter casing but require less room to operate than a
strap-style wrench.
Ratchet handle
The mechanism permits one of required direction only whereas the reverse
turning of handle is free. So that nuts, bolts can be easily removed.
RESULT
To study about special tools and its operations.
AUTO MOBILE SERVICING LAB
MPTC Page 15
EXP NO:
DATE:
IDENTIFICATION OF ENGINE COMPONENTS
AIM
To identify the various engine components and its function in a SI and CI
engine.
DESCRIPTION
AUTO MOBILE SERVICING LAB
MPTC Page 16
An engine is a device used to convert heat energy into mechanical energy. It
consists of many interlocking parts that work together to produce the energy
that keeps a car, truck or other vehicle running smoothly. Knowing how to
identify the parts of an engine and understanding how they work together to
create energy will help drivers keep their vehicle in good shape longer. It will
also help them at the repair shop and enable them to ask the mechanic informed
questions about work that may need to be done.
Recognizing of engine components.
1. Piston, connecting rod and crankshaft.
The pistons are cylindrical pieces of metal that pump gasoline or another energy
source into the engine. A piston is attached to a connecting rod and placed
inside cylindrical holes within the engine. They move up and down and turn a
corkscrew-shaped device called a crankshaft, which is located beneath the
cylinders on an in-line engine.
Piston-Aluminium alloy
Connecting rod-forged steel or duralumin
Crankshaft-cast steel
2. Cylnder block
Recognize the cylinder block, the engine‟s largest component. It‟s usually made
of aluminum or iron and has core plugs that seal holes left after the
manufacturing process. It‟s located at the bottom of the engine and serves as a
“shell” to hold and connect the other parts of the engine. The cylinder block‟s
shape varies according to the car company, model, and how many cylinders, or
piston holes, the block contains. The more cylinders, the more powerful the
engine.
3. Spark plug
Identify the spark plug as a small electrical device that screws into the cylinder
head. Spark plugs consist of an electrode which is connected to an ignition coil
by a wire. In an internal combustion engine, this plug ignites gasoline or
AUTO MOBILE SERVICING LAB
MPTC Page 17
another fuel with an electric shock to turn on the engine when the driver starts
the ignition switch. It is used in spark ignition engine (petrol engine).
4. Fuel injector
This is also known as nozzle or atomizer. Its function is to inject fuel into the
cylinder in properly atomized form and in proper quantity. It can be seen in
diesel engines. The injector is operated by using a fuel injection pump.
5. Inlet manifold
The inlet manifold carries the air fuel mixture from the carburettor to the
cylinders in case of petrol engine, whereas in diesel engine only air from the
atmosphere is taken into the cylinder.
6. Exhaust manifold
Notice the exhaust manifold. It is made of stainless steel or cast iron, and
gathers gases that escape the cylinder head. An exhaust valve helps release the
gases from the manifold. These gases, in turn, leave the car through the exhaust
pipe at the back of the vehicle.
7. Oil sump
Notice the oil sump, sometimes called an oil pan. This collects oil that
lubricates the engine and stores it in a pan at the very bottom of an engine.
Made of steel or aluminum, it may resemble a sturdier version of a kitchen
roasting pan.
RESULT
Identified various engine components of SI and CI engine.
AUTO MOBILE SERVICING LAB
MPTC Page 18
EXP NO:
DATE:
JACKING UP THE VEHICLE AND REMOVING THE
WHEEL
AIM
To lift the vehicle up using a hydraulic or mechanical jack and remove one
wheel.
TOOLS AND EQUIPMENTS REQUIRED
wheel spanner, hydraulic jack, wooden block
PROCEDURE
1. Place the vehicle on a level surface, wooden blocks were placed in to and
fro position of the right side tyre. This helps avoiding the vehicles slips in
any of the direction due to gravity or if standing on a little inclined.
2. Place the side jack between the doors, under the running board.
3. The nuts of the needed wheel were made loosened
4. The jack was lifted slowly up and the under inspection was made.
5. After that wheel was taken out by removing the nuts.
6. The wheels where put on to the drum and nuts were tightened slightly
with wheel brace.
7. The vehicle was lowered to the ground, removed the jack and the nut
were tightened completely.
PRECAUTION
1. Wheel nut must be loosened before jacking up the vehicle.
2. Jack must be at proper place and solid surface
3. A jack handle is easily tripped over if felt in the low position, and it
should, therefore always be raised to its highest point.
4. A screw jacks with worn out threads should not be used.
5. After completion of works, wooden blocks and jacks, must kept at proper
places.
RESULT
studied about how to jack up a vehicle and changing of tyre from a vehicle.
EXP.NO:
AUTO MOBILE SERVICING LAB
MPTC Page 19
DATE:
LOOSENING AND TIGHTENING PRACTICES OF
NUTS AND BOLTS AIM
To practice loosening and tightening of different sizes of nuts and bolts by
using various tools.
TOOLS REQUIRED
Open end spanner, ring spanner, combination spanner, torque wrench, ratchet
handle.
MATERIALS REQUIRED
A set of different sizes of nuts and bolts fitted to a table, cotton waste, kerosene.
DESCRIPTION
A screw thread is a helical groove on a shaft. When used for delivering power,
it is called a drive screw. Drive screws aren't really all that efficient, as they
loose a significant amount of power to friction. However, this friction can be
put to use in the case of threaded fasteners.
As nuts and bolts are not perfectly rigid, but stretch slightly under load, the
distribution of stress on the threads is not uniform. In fact, on a theoretically
infinitely long bolt, the first thread takes a third of the load, the first three
AUTO MOBILE SERVICING LAB
MPTC Page 20
threads take three-quarters of the load, and the first six threads take essentially
the whole load. Beyond the first six threads, the remaining threads are under
essentially no load at all. Therefore, a nut or bolt with six threads acts very
much like an infinitely long nut or bolt.
Loosening a bolt can be either relatively easy or difficult, depending on how
tightly the bolt is attached. Over time a bolt can become stuck because rust
forms on its threads or it undergoes some other form of damage. Consider
several ways to loosen a bolt, starting with good old-fashioned elbow grease
and ending with drilling it out after all else fails.
PROCEDURE
1. Clean around the bolt with a wire brush, removing as much external
buildup as possible.
2. Try loosening the bolt with a wrench, open end spanner, ring spanner,
combination spanner, ratchet handle, torque wrench.
3. If the bolt won't turn, try tightening it and then loosening it. The back-
and-forth action will make it loose.
4. Spray penetrating oil around the bolt.
5. Now tight the bolts with these same tools again.
6. For stubborn nuts and bolts, Try loosening the bolt with a wrench
7. Gently tap the wrench with a tool such as a small hammer or chisel, and
try loosening it with a wrench again.
RESULT
Practiced the loosening and tightening of different sizes of nuts and bolts and
studied about the use of various tools.
AUTO MOBILE SERVICING LAB
MPTC Page 21
EXP NO:
Date:
MAINTANANCE PROGRAM OF A VEHICLE
AIM
To study about vehicle maintenance.
DESCRIPTION
Vehicle maintenance can be defined as the repairing, reconditioning or
replacement work done on any unit or machine parts of a motor vehicle to
retain its original condition or performance.
There are two types of maintenance
1: Predictable/Planned Maintenance:
A ) Monthly Maintenance
B ) Preventive Maintenance
C ) Periodic Maintenance
2: Un Predictable/Unplanned Maintenance:
A )Break Down/Emergency Maintenance
PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE
1. ENGINE OIL LEVEL
Park the vehicle on the ground.
Warm up the engine and turn it off.
Wait for a minute, then remove dipstick.
Wipe oil from the dipstick with a clean cloth.
Re-insert the dipstick fully.
Remove the dipstick again to check oil level.
Oil level should be between „F‟ and „L‟ mark.
If oil level is found below or at „L‟ (low) mark, open Oil Filter cap and
add oil till it reaches „F‟ mark.
Reconfirm the oil level once again
2.ENGINE COOLANT LEVEL
AUTO MOBILE SERVICING LAB
MPTC Page 22
Park the car on a level ground.
Check for coolant level in the reservoir bottle
The level should be between „F‟ and „L‟ mark.
If found below or at „L‟ (low) mark, open the Reservoir cap and add
plain water.
3. RADIATOR
Let the engine cool down if it is hot.
Remove the Radiator cap by pressing it and turning clockwise.
Check the level in the Radiator.
The level should be upto the brim.
If less, add water to bring it upto the brim level.
Replace the Radiator cap. (Radiator Coolant concentration: Water
65% & Antifreeze 35%) CAUTION
Never open the radiator cap when engine is hot. If level drops
frequently, contact Hyundai Service Centre.
4.BRAKE OIL LEVEL
Park the vehicle on the level ground.
Check the Brake Fluid Level in the Reservoir Bottle.
Level should be between Min and Max mark.
If found low, top up to the Max-mark.
Use genuine Brake Oil.
CAUTION ! Mixing of any oil other than DOT-3, can seriously effect
Brake performance
5. WINDSHIELD WASHER FLUID LEVEL !
Check the Windshield Washer Fluid level in the Reservoir.
The level of the fluid should be up to the brim.
If level found low, top up with clean Tap Water.
6.TYRE CARE
Check Tyre pressure at least once a week.
Always maintain a tyre pressure of 30 PSI in all tyre.
AUTO MOBILE SERVICING LAB
MPTC Page 23
High tyre pressure adversely affects tyre life, suspension, comfort and
safety of the vehicle.
Low tyre pressure adversely affects tyre life, fuel efficiency, steering
effort and steering stability.
Check tyre periodically for abnormal wear, damage and cuts.
CARE Make sure that Tyre Pressure gauge used to measure pressure is
in good condition.
7.CHECKING OF BELT TENSIONS
Keep the Engine in the switched off condition.
To check the belt tension press the respective belt with Thumb pressure
in the middle.
The deflection for the respective belt should be as under:
Deflection Value Alternator/ water Pump Drive belt 9 -10 mm
Deflection Value Air Con Drive Belt 8 – 9 mm
Deflection Value Power Steering Pump Drive Belt 7 – 10 mm
RESULT
Studied about the maintenance schedule of a vehicle
AUTO MOBILE SERVICING LAB
MPTC Page 24
EXP.NO:
DATE:
CALCULATION OF CC ( CUBIC CAPACITY ) OF AN
ENGINE
AIM
To measure the cc (cubic capacity) of a given engine.
TOOLS REQUIRED
Cylinder bore dial guage,Vernier caliper.
MATERIALS REQUIRED
Engine cylinder, cotton waste.
DESCRIPTION
The bore and stroke on a cylinder determines the displacement of an
engine(cubic capacity-cc or swept volume). It determines the engine power. If
the bore and stroke is large, we get more powerful engine. The engine cc is
determined by two measurements,these are Bore and stroke. The bore is
determined by the diameter of a cylinder and the stroke is determined by the
distance a piston travels up and down inside that cylinder.
BASIC ENGINE TERMINOLOGY
1. Bore
Bore is the diameter of the engine cylinder.
2. Stroke
It is the linear distance traveled by the piston from Top dead centre (TDC) to
Bottom dead centre (BDC).
AUTO MOBILE SERVICING LAB
MPTC Page 25
3. Stroke-bore ratio
The ratio of length of stroke (L) and diameter of bore (D) of the cylinder is
called stroke-bore ratio (L/D). In general, this ratio varies between 1 to 1.45
and for tractor engines, this ratio is about 1.25.
4. Swept volume or piston displacement
It is the volume (A x L) displaced by one stroke of the piston where A is the
cross sectional area of piston and L is the stroke length.
𝑉 =𝜋
4 D
2×L
5. Compression ratio
It is the ratio of the volume of the cylinder at the beginning of the compression
stroke to that at the end of compression stroke, i.e. ratio of total cylinder volume
to clearance volume. The Compression ratio of diesel engine varies from 14:1
to 22:1 and that of carburetor type engine (spark ignition engine) varies from
6:1 to 8:1.
PROCEDURE
1. Ensure the piston is at the bottom of the cylinder.
2. Clean the given engine cylinder by using cotton waste.
3. Measure the cylinder bore by using cylinder bore dial gauge. Take 4 bore
readings by placing the dial gauge at different positions of the cylinder.
4. Now measure the stroke length of the cylinder by using a vernier caliper.
Take 4 stroke length readings by placing the vernier caliper at different
positions of the cylinder.
AUTO MOBILE SERVICING LAB
MPTC Page 26
5. Now tabulate the readings and find out the total cc.
RESULT
Calculated the CC of the given engine.
OBSERVATIONS
Total Number of given engine cylinder(n)=………
TABULAR COLOUMN
Trial
No.
Bore
Stroke length
Swept volume
D
L
VS =𝜋
4 D
2×L
Mm mm mm3
1
2
3
4
Average VS
Total swept volume of the given engine (Vd) = Average VS ×number of cylinders
Total cc of the given engine = Vd
1000 cm
3
= ………cc
AUTO MOBILE SERVICING LAB
MPTC Page 27
SAMPLE CALCULATIONS
Set no:
Diameter of the cylinder(bore dia) D =………..mm
Stroke length L =………..mm
Total number of cylinder n =………
Swept volume of one cylinder Vs = VS =𝜋
4 D
2×L
=…………..mm3
Total swept volume of the given engine Vd = Vs × n
= ………..mm3
= Vd
1000 =……….cm
3
=……….cc
AUTO MOBILE SERVICING LAB
MPTC Page 29
EXP NO:
DATE:
REMOVING AND REFITTING OF SPARK PLUG
AIM
To remove and refit the spark plug from the engine cylinder head.
TOOLS REQUIRED
Open end spanner, screw driver, spark plug spanner, T-rod , ratchet handle.
MATERIALS REQUIRED
Petrol engine, Cotton waste, kerosene.
DESCRIPTION
Spark plug is device used in ignition system of an SI engine ,it is fitted on the
cylinder head or cylinder block .The purpose of spark plug is to provide a gap
across which a high voltage of the ignition system can jump .It consist of
central electrode fitted in the porcelain insulator and sealed within asteel shell,
which also holds the side electrode. The electrode is set with the lower end of
the central electrode to form the spark gap .The steel shell has external threads
which fit into the cylinder head to make an earthing contact.
Spark plug gap mainly 0.5 to 1 mm
PROCEDURE FOR REMOVING SPARK PLUG
1. Park the vehicle on a level surface.
2. Remove key from the vehicle
3. Remove the battery negative terminal
4. Remove the high tension coil from spark plug.
5. Remove the spark plug using spark plug socket
6. Check the spark plug gap using feeler gauge
7. Check any defective or any short circuit in spark plug.
8. Clean the plug with sand paper
9. Refit the spark plug if it is found faulty, change with new spark plug
10. Refit the high tension coil in spark plug
11. Refit the battery terminal
RESULT
Dismantled and assembled the given spark plug from a given cylinder head
AUTO MOBILE SERVICING LAB
MPTC Page 35
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
Safety means protecting yourself and others from possible danger and
injury. Don‟t want to get hurt and you don‟t want to hurt others.
1. Work quietly and give your full attention, for the job you are doing.
2. Keep your tools and equipment under control.
3. Keep jack handles out of the way stand creeper against the wall when it is not
in use.
4. Never include horse play or other foolish activities. It cause some to get
seriously hurt.
5. Don‟t put sharp objects, screw driver in your pocket. You could cut yourself
or you could damage upholstery in the car.
6. Make sure you clothes are right for the job loose sleeves or ties can get
caught in machinery and cause serious injuries. Don‟t wear sandals or open toe
shoes. Wear full leathers shoes with non skid rubber heal and soles. Keep long
hair out of machinery by wearing a cap.
7. Don‟t wear rings, bracelets or watches when working around moving
machinery or electrical equipment. Jewelry can catch in moving machinery with
very serious results. Also if a ring or a bracelet should accidently create a short
circuit of the car battery; the metal of the ring or bracelet may become white hot
in an instant. This would produce serious burns.
8. Wipe excess oil and grease in your hands and tools so that you can get a good
grip on tools and parts.
9. If you spill oil, grease or any liquid on the floor, clean it up so that no one
will slip and fall.
10. Never use compressed air to remove dirt from your cloths. Never point a
compressed air blow gun at another person.
11. Always wear safety glasses or goggles or a face shield.
12. Watch out for sparks flying from a grinding wheel or welding equipment.
The sparks can get your cloths on fire.
AUTO MOBILE SERVICING LAB
MPTC Page 36
13. To protect your eyes wear goggles when using chemical such as solvents. If
you get chemical in your eyes, flush them with pure water at once and then see
the doctor as soon as possible.
14. When using a car jack, make sure it is centered so that it won‟t slip. Never
Jack up a car when someone is working under it. People have been killed when
the jack slipped and the car fell on them. Always use safety stands before going
under a car.
15. Always use the right tool for the job. The wrong tool could damage the part
being worked on and would get hurt you.
16. Keep your hands from the engine fan and belt when the engine is running.
You would be badly cut or even loose fingers, if your hand gets caught in the
fan or fan belt.
17. Do not stand directly in line with the engine fan when it is turning or the
engine is running. Some fans, especially fans with the flexible blade can throw
off a blade while spinning. A flying fan blade can injure or kill anyone if
strikes.
18. Oiling or greasing may not be done while the machine is being operated.
19. If the workshop is fired due to oil, petrol or electricity; it may not be
extinguished by water, must use sand and fire extinguishing gas.
20. Before starting any work; full planning of the work must be sketched.
21. Machines may be properly cleaned and lubricated before starting any
operation on them.
22. Clean the tools and machines at proper places after using them.
23. be careful while removing radiator cap of a hot engine cooling system.
Sudden removal of cap may cause burning of face and hands.
24. If cutting a pipe or metal piece by hacksaw do not over tight the hacksaw
blade.
AUTO MOBILE SERVICING LAB
MPTC Page 37
STUDY OF TOOLS
1.OPEN END SPANNER
Open end spanner is used to tight and loosen majority nut and bolt in an
automobile work shop. it has two legs one is larger than the other. they are
available in various size.
2.RING SPANNER
It is stronger and tighter than open end spanner. it can turn a nut or a bolt
is a restricted space. they will not slip while using since one bolt are 12 sides
and they surrounded the nut completely.
3.SCREW DRIVER(FLAT)
It is a hand tool used for screwing and unscrewing the flat headed screws.
4.SCREW DRIVER(STAR)
It is a hand tool used for screwing and unscrewing the star headed screws.
5.BALL PEEN HAMMER
They are commonly used for hammering work like bending bars,rods,etc.the
ball peen is used for riveting. They are usually made of high carbon steel with
wood handle.
6. PLASTIC HAMMER
They are commonly used for light hammering works without deformation on
the working parts. It is usually made of plastic materials.
7. STEEL RULE
It is a measuring instrument. It is used for linear measurements.
8. WHEEL SPANNER
It used for removing and tightening the wheel nut of a vehicle.
9.COMBINATION PLIER
It is normally used to cut wire, springs etc. and hold a object with grip. It has
a plastic covering in the handle to prevent electric shocks.
10.NOSE PLIER
It is a plier used for holding small things in a cavity where combination
plier is not used.
11.SPEED HANDLE
It is used for screwing and unscrewing the nuts and bolt with in more speed
than spanner
12.PLUG SPANNER
top related