delay tolerant networks presentation

Tomasz Halapacz7halat58@solent.ac.uk

IntroductionIntroduction• Definition• Background• Overview of the technology• Examples• Summary

What is Delay Tolerant What is Delay Tolerant

NetworkingNetworking

[DTN][DTN]DTNs=

oDisruption Tolerant Networko Intermittently Connected Mobile

Networks [ICMNs]o InterPlaNetary (IPN) Internet

•“Communication over vast distances where end-to-end continuous connectivity is not required “(Cerf, et al., 2007)

BackgroundBackground•In 1966 Leonard Kleinrock of MIT developed the theory of packet switching

•DARPA has funded NASA to develop Interplanetary Internet

•Vint Cerf and others has developed initial DTN architecture in July 1998.

o The initial public announcement of this project can be found in the JPL house journal .Available: Universe (7 August 1998)

•In 2002 Kevin Fall has proposed DTN acronym as Delay Tolerant Networks

•2002- Delay-Tolerant Networking Research Group

Leonard Kleinrock

Vinton Cerf

Kevin Fall

(Farrell, S., 2006)

(Sterbenz, J., 2005)

(DTNRG., 2011)

When do we need When do we need DTNs?DTNs?

• Can be adapted to scenarios other than inter-planetary communication

• To enable network access, when infrastructure is:

o difficult to deployo expensive to deployo available, but a DTN can still improve performance

(Cerf, V. et al., 2002)

Some real life examples where DTNs are being used…..

Infrastructure is difficult to Infrastructure is difficult to

deploydeploy• Wild-life tracking

Zeb

raN

et p

roje

ct,

Ken

ya

(Princeton University. 2007)

Infrastructure expensive to Infrastructure expensive to

deploydeploy• Providing Internet connectivity to

developing regions. E.g., Email

KioskNet Project in India and Ghana

(Keshaw, S. 2009)

Interplanetary Interplanetary ExamplesExamples

2008 November •DINET 1 Test: Deep Impact DTN experiment: Moved 292 images (about 14.5 MB) through the DTN network

2009 November •DINET 2 postponed to 2011 due to Hartley 2 Comet (NASA, 2010)

(NASA, 2010)

How it Works?How it Works?

i

Destination

Intermediate

Source

• Store and Forward

• Bundling

(Boucher, M. 2002)

Bundle LayerBundle Layer• The figure below compares Internet protocol layers

with DTN protocol layers

• DTN operates over existing protocols and provide a gateway when a node touches two or more dissimilar networks

Application

NetworkSpecificLayers

NetworkSpecificLayers

NetworkSpecificLayers

NetworkSpecificLayers

Application

Bundle LayerApplication

Transport - TCP

Network - IP

Link

Physical

TCP/IP ModelMission Control Rover

Ground Station

potential delay

Source: Wartham, F. 2003. “Delay-Tolerant Networks (DTNs): Tutorial

Sattelite

SummarySummary• DTN began intended as ‘Interplanetary Internet’ for

deep-space connectivity, but is now also used for ad-hoc sensor networks.

• DTN Routers are equipped with significant persistent storage

• Data is moved like store-and-forward email messages in ‘bundles’ between nodes, when limited connectivity becomes available

• Round-trip times could range from milliseconds to days

• Retransmission may be very expensive

Live Video from NASALive Video from NASA2011. NASA allows the public to watch technicians assemble and test NASA's next Mars rover – “Curiosity”Source: http://marsprogram.jpl.nasa.gov/msl/mission/whereistherovernow/

Any Questions?Any Questions?

Thank You!Thank You!

Tomasz HalapaczTomasz Halapacz

7halat58@solent.ac.uk7halat58@solent.ac.uk

ReferencesReferencesAggelou, G. 2008. Wireless Mesh Networking, McGraw-Hill.

Anagnostopoulos, C. and S. Hadjiefthymiades .2010. "Delay-tolerant delivery of quality information in ad hoc networks." Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing.

Boucher, M. 2002. The InterPlanetary Internet (IPN) [online] Available: http://images.spaceref.com/news/02.28.00.marsnetwork.jpg [accessed 27 February 2011]

Cerf, V. et al., 2002. Delay-Tolerant Network Architecture: The Evolving Interplanetary Internet, August.

Cerf, V. et al., 2007. Delay-Tolerant Network Architecture, IETF RFC 4838, informational, April.

Cerf. V, et al., 2001. Interplanetary Internet (IPN): Architectural Definition. Online] Available: http://www.ipnsig.org/reports/memo-ipnrg-arch-00.pdf [accessed 03 February 2011]

Durst, R. and Feighery, P. ,2006. Why not use the Standard Internet Suite for the Interplanetary Internet?, IPN Special Interest Group, (http://www.ipn-sig.org/reports/TCP_IP.pdf).

DTNRG., 2011. Delay Tolerant Networking Research Group [online] Available: http://www.dtnrg.org/ [last accessed 28 February 2011]

Fall, K. 2003. A Delay-Tolerant Network Architecture for Challenged Internets [online] Available: http://conferences.sigcomm.org/sigcomm/2003/papers/p27-fall.pdf [accessed 07 February 2011]

ReferencesReferencesFarrell, S. and V. Cahill (2006). Delay- and disruption-tolerant networking, Artech House.

Ivancic, W. et al. 2010. Large File Transfers from Space using Multiple Ground Terminals and Delay-Tolerant Networking. IEEE Global Communications Conference (Globecom), Miami [online] Available: http://personal.ee.surrey.ac.uk/Personal/L.Wood/publications/ivancic-globecom-large-file-dtn.pdf [accessed 05 February 2011]

Keshaw, S. 2009. The KioskNet Project Overview. [online] Available: http://blizzard.cs.uwaterloo.ca/tetherless/index.php/KioskNet [accessed 20 February 2011]

Meghanathan, N., B. Kaushik, et al. (2010). Advances in Networks and Communications: First International Conference on Computer Science and Information Technology, CCSIT 2011, Bangalore, India, January 2-4, 2011. Proceedings, Springer.

NASA. 2010. EPOXI Mission Overview [online] Available: http://epoxi.umd.edu/1mission/index.shtml [accessed 25 February 2011]

Princeton University. 2007. Zebranet Project Overview. [online] Available: http://www.princeton.edu/~mrm/zebranet.html [accessed 15 February 2011]Scott, K. and Burleigh, S.2007, Bundle Protocol Specification, IETF RFC 5050, experimental, November.

Sterbenz, J. and Krishnan, R. 2005. Survivable and Disruption Tolerant Networking. [online] Available: http://www.sterbenz.org/jpgs/tutorials/sumowin-dtn/SUMOWIN-DTN-display.pdf [accessed 03 February 2011].

Vasilakos, A. (2011). Delay Tolerant Networks: Protocols and Applications, Taylor & Francis.Warthman, F. 2003. Delay Tolerant Networks (DTNs): A Tutorial [online] Available: http://www.dtnrg.org/docs/tutorials/warthman-1.1.pdf [accessed 03 February 2011]

http://marsprogram.jpl.nasa.gov/msl/mission/whereistherovernow/