date: 2/9/15 activity: course & conduct warm up: list 2-3 effects of wwi. homework: *homefront...

Date: 2/9/15

Activity: Course & Conduct

Warm Up: List 2-3 effects of WWI.

Homework: *Homefront due tomorrow

Unit Table of ContentsPg Title Date

1 WWI Vocab 2/2

2 Pre-WWI Map 2/2

3 Causes of WWI 2/3

4 WWI Preview 2/3

5 Neutrality to War 2/3

6 Course and Conduct 2/5

7 Homefront 2/5

8 Course and Conduct PPT

2/9

THE COURSE AND CONDUCT OF WWI

Before U.S. Entry Into War• Between 1914 and 1916 the Central Powers (Germany,

Austria-Hungry, Ottoman empire) and the Allies (U.K., France, Russia, Italy) fought a number of bloody battles

• The war was being fought on two fronts

Before U.S. Entry into War Cont.• By early 1917, the war was going badly for the Allies• Their armies had suffered several major defeats and lost

many men• Even victories like the battle of Passchendaele were very

costly (300,000 casualties)

New Technologies Changed the Way War is Fought• The Industrial Revolution created many new advancements in warfare

• War became more impersonal• War also became more deadly

Machine Gun

They were used for defensive purposes because they were too heavy to carry. Eventually this weapon was mounted to planes and warships.

Artillery

Large cannons known as howitzers changed how war was fought. They were loaded with dozens of small lead balls or poison gas. They could knock through barbed wire and knock out enemy machine guns nests. Shells weighing 2,100 lbs could be fired more than 9 miles

Trench Warfare

To avoid being killed by machine guns and large artillery guns soldiers dug trenches.  The 250 yards between enemy trenches became known as “no man’s land.”  The trench system led to a stalemate.

Tank

Helped end the stalemate caused by trenches. Soldiers could drive tanks over barbed wire and crush other treacherous materials. Allied Powers were much quicker to manufacture more tanks and them to attack Germany trenches.

Flamethrower

Germany developed a flamethrower that would be used to attack nearby trenches.

Poisonous Gas

Chemical weapons such as mustard gas and chlorine gas was used to clear enemy trenches.

Planes

Planes were used to scout enemy positions until German engineers built a device that timed the firing of a machine gun with the rotation of a plane’s propeller.  Air combat became a serious threat.

Battleship

• The Germans and the British fought a major naval battle but neither won a clear victory.

• Battleships were used to stop supplies from coming into Germany.

• Battleships are used as part of the convoy system

Submarine

Submarines sank 1,000 ships carrying supplies and weapons. U-boats gave Germany an advantage over the British battleship The convoy system was created to combat U-boat attacks

Technological Advances • All of the technological advances led to a deadlier war for soldiers and civilians

Russian Revolution• In March 1917, Nicholas II abdicates (leaves) his throne, • In October 1917: Lenin and the Bolsheviks take

command: The Soviet Union is created. • March 1918: Soviets and Germans sign the Treaty of

Brest-Litovsk, ending the war in the East.

End of Fighting on the Eastern Front• The Russian Revolution and the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

ends the fighting in the East• Germany was now free to throw all of its troop into the

war on the western front

American Expeditionary ForceAEF

• June 1917; First Americans troops landed in France to help the Allies

General John J. Pershing

• General of the AEF • Insisted his men stay with the AEF and not fill in for lost soldiers in the Allied forces • He didn’t agree with Allied strategy of defensive war from the trenches

• If the AEF did well as a separate army they would have a bigger role in the peacemaking process after the war.

Date: 2/10/15

Activity: Homefront

Warm Up:How did the US contribute to the war effort once we were involved in WWI?How did we sell it?

Homework: WWI Vocab Quiz Friday 2/13

Unit Table of ContentsPg Title Date

1 WWI Vocab 2/2

2 Pre-WWI Map 2/2

3 Causes of WWI 2/3

4 WWI Preview 2/3

5 Neutrality to War 2/3

6 Course and Conduct 2/5

7 Homefront 2/5

8 Course and Conduct PPT

2/9

German Spring Offensive of 1918• With Russia out of the war, Germany begins their final

push • German troops advance to within 50 miles of Paris• Around 300,000 American troops a month were arriving in

Europe by this time

Second Battle of the Marne• July 15th – Aug. 5 1918• American forces join French and British Forces• The Allied forces are able to halt the German advance• Soon after, the Allied forces counterattacked, the German

troops fallback

Chateau Thierry, Belleau Woods• One of the first battles by the AEF• Part of the 2nd Battle of the Marne• 5th and 6th Marine Regiments help turn back the German

Advance• Marine Captain Lloyd Williams when told by a French

Officer to withdraw, "Retreat? Hell, we just got here!"

Meuse Argonne Offensive September 1918

• The AEF’s goal was to break through the German line to reach the Sedan railroad to northern France.

• This rail line was the German Army’s main line of supply and communication with Germany.

Meuse Argonne Offensive Cont.

• After 6 weeks of hard fighting through the Argonne Forest, the Americans achieved their objective.

• Armistice signed November 11, 1918

• WWI was finally over

Effects of the WarCasualties

*More than 8 million soldiers had died

*21 million were injured

•millions of European civilians also died from starvation, disease, and other war-related causes

(The U.S. suffered 116,000 killed

Effects of the War

Property

• *War destroyed roads, bridges, railroad lines, and other transportation facilities.

Effects of the War

Emotional

• Cost to the human spirit-people felt disillusioned from the experience of war

• people questioned the long-held beliefs about the glories of Western civilization and the nobility of war.