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Intro to Palm Oil Processing
Purwiyatno Hariyadi; hariyadi@seafast.org 1
From CPO to Cooking OilIntroduction to Palm Oil Processing
Purwiyatno Hariyadi, PhDhariyadi@seafast.org
Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org
Professor of Food Process EngineeringDepartment of Food Science and Technology
AndSoutheast Asian Food & Agricultural Science & Technology (SEAFAST) center
BOGOR AGRCIULTURAL UNIVERSITYBOGOR-INDONESIA
Introduction
Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org Introduction to Palm Oil Processing -h i di@ f
Intro to Palm Oil Processing
Purwiyatno Hariyadi; hariyadi@seafast.org 2
Total crude palm oil andpalm kernel oil production :
41.1 million metric tone
Introduction
Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org
1. Proven –long history of- safe uses for human consumption
Characteristic Unique of Palm Oil
2. Wide range of potential applications (cooking oil, shortening, margarine and other)
Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org
Intro to Palm Oil Processing
Purwiyatno Hariyadi; hariyadi@seafast.org 3
2. Wide range of potential applications
Characteristic Unique of Palm Oil
Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org
3. Can be utilized as a good energy source
Characteristic Unique of Palm Oil
source.4. No cholesterol and no trans fats
Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org
Intro to Palm Oil Processing
Purwiyatno Hariyadi; hariyadi@seafast.org 4
Trans fats
Characteristic Unique of Palm Oil
Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org
Trans fats
Characteristic Unique of Palm Oil
Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org
Intro to Palm Oil Processing
Purwiyatno Hariyadi; hariyadi@seafast.org 5
Trans fats
Characteristic Unique of Palm Oil
Required01/01/06
Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org
Characteristic Unique of Palm Oil
Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org
Intro to Palm Oil Processing
Purwiyatno Hariyadi; hariyadi@seafast.org 6
Characteristic Unique of Palm Oil
Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org
RPO
Characteristic Unique of Palm Oil6. Rich in natural carotenoids
Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org
RBO Olein ~ 1000
Intro to Palm Oil Processing
Purwiyatno Hariyadi; hariyadi@seafast.org 7
Characteristic Unique of Palm Oil6. Rich in natural carotenoids
Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org
6. Rich in natural antioxidant (tocopherol and tocotrienol)
Characteristic Unique of Palm Oil
( p )
Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org
Intro to Palm Oil Processing
Purwiyatno Hariyadi; hariyadi@seafast.org 8
Characteristic Unique of Palm Oil
PHYTOCHEMICALS in PALM OIL
Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org
Characteristic Unique of Palm Oil
PHYTOCHEMICALS in PALM OIL
Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org
Intro to Palm Oil Processing
Purwiyatno Hariyadi; hariyadi@seafast.org 9
Characteristic Unique of Palm Oil
PHYTOCHEMICALS in PALM OIL
Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org
6. Rich in natural antioxidant (tocopherol and tocotrienol)
Characteristic Unique of Palm Oil
• Decrease Tromboxan A-2 (TXA2)
• Increase Prostaglandin I-2 (PGI2)
• Decrease Cholesterol
( p )
Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org
Decrease Cholesterol
• Decrease LDL-Cholesterol
Intro to Palm Oil Processing
Purwiyatno Hariyadi; hariyadi@seafast.org 10
Characteristic Unique of Palm Oil
Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org
Characteristic Unique of Palm Oil
Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org
Intro to Palm Oil Processing
Purwiyatno Hariyadi; hariyadi@seafast.org 11
Characteristic Unique of Palm Oil
Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org
Characteristic Unique of Palm Oil
Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org
Intro to Palm Oil Processing
Purwiyatno Hariyadi; hariyadi@seafast.org 12
Characteristic Unique of Palm Oil
Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org
Characteristic Unique of Palm Oil
Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org
Intro to Palm Oil Processing
Purwiyatno Hariyadi; hariyadi@seafast.org 13
Characteristic Unique of Palm Oil
Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org
7. Balance composition of fatty acids8. Contain linoleic as essential fatty
Characteristic Unique of Palm Oil
acid% of total Fatty acids
Fatty Acid Range Average12:0 0.1-1.0 0.214:0 0.9-1.5 1.116:0 41.8-46.8 44.016:1 0 1 0 3 0 1
Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org
16:1 0.1-0.3 0.118:0 4.2-5.1 4.518:1 37.3-40.8 39.218:2 9,1-11.0 10.118:3 0.0-0.6 0.420:0 0.2-0.7 0.4
Intro to Palm Oil Processing
Purwiyatno Hariyadi; hariyadi@seafast.org 14
9. Produce 2 kind of oils.1. Palm Oil2 Palm Kernel Oil
Characteristic Unique of Palm Oil
2. Palm Kernel Oil
Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org
Characteristic Unique of Palm Oil9. Produce 2 kind of oils.
Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org
Intro to Palm Oil Processing
Purwiyatno Hariyadi; hariyadi@seafast.org 15
Characteristic Unique of Palm Oil9. Produce 2 kind of oils.
Composition of PO Mesocarp.p p
Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org
Characteristic Unique of Palm Oil9. Produce 2 kind of oils.
Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org
Intro to Palm Oil Processing
Purwiyatno Hariyadi; hariyadi@seafast.org 16
10. Researches show that palm oil has positive health effect.
Characteristic Unique of Palm Oil
Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org
10. Researches show that palm oil has positive health effect.
Characteristic Unique of Palm Oil
Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org
Intro to Palm Oil Processing
Purwiyatno Hariyadi; hariyadi@seafast.org 17
Palm Oil Processing Flow Chart
Harvesting
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Palm Oil Processing Flow Chart
Fruit Bunch
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Intro to Palm Oil Processing
Purwiyatno Hariyadi; hariyadi@seafast.org 18
Palm Oil Processing Flow Chart
FFBReceived At Mill
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Palm Oil Processing Flow Chart
FFB Loaded Into Cages Readyfor Sterilization
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Intro to Palm Oil Processing
Purwiyatno Hariyadi; hariyadi@seafast.org 19
Palm Oil Processing Flow Chart
Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org Introduction to Palm Oil Processing -h i di@ f
Palm Oil Processing Flow Chart
Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org Introduction to Palm Oil Processing -h i di@ f
Intro to Palm Oil Processing
Purwiyatno Hariyadi; hariyadi@seafast.org 20
Palm Oil Processing Unit Operations
Sterilization• Placing sterilizer cages in horizontal vessels at steam
f 3 k / 2 (143oC) 60 i tpressure of 3 kg/cm2 (143oC); 60 minutes
• Enzyme inactivation prevention of FFA increase
• Facilitation of mechanical stripping
• Preparation of pericarp
Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org
for sub-sequential processing
• Preconditioning of the nuts to minimize kernel breakage
Introduction to Palm Oil Processing -h i di@ f
Palm Oil Processing Unit Operations
StrippingS ti f t ili d f it f th b h t lk• Separation of sterilized fruits from the bunch stalks
• Drum type :
• Vigorous shaking
• Beating
Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org Introduction to Palm Oil Processing -h i di@ f
Intro to Palm Oil Processing
Purwiyatno Hariyadi; hariyadi@seafast.org 21
Palm Oil Processing Unit Operations
DigestionR h ti th t ili d f it ( i i th f it t 95• Reheating the sterilized fruits (mixing the fruits at 95-100oC, 20 minutes.
• To loosen the pericarp from the nuts
• To break the oil cell before passing to oil extraction unit
Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org Introduction to Palm Oil Processing -h i di@ f
Palm Oil Processing Unit Operations
Oil ExtractionC ti i t d• Continuous screw pressing to produce :
• Mixture of oil (~66%), water (~24%) and non-oily solid (~10%).
• Press cake, containing fibers and nuts
Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org Introduction to Palm Oil Processing -h i di@ f
Intro to Palm Oil Processing
Purwiyatno Hariyadi; hariyadi@seafast.org 22
ClarificationDil ti ith t t f ilit t ttli
Palm Oil Processing Unit Operations
• Dilution with water – to facilitate settling
• Screen – to remove fibrous material
• Pump to settling tank – to obtain oil and sludge
•“Top” oil is skimmed off centrifuge vacuum dryer oil storage
Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org
•Sludge (~ 10% oil) reclaimed and fed back to main settling tank
Introduction to Palm Oil Processing -h i di@ f
Clarification
Palm Oil Processing Unit Operations
Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org
Intro to Palm Oil Processing
Purwiyatno Hariyadi; hariyadi@seafast.org 23
Oil StorageI t ll t d ith t i l t t i
Palm Oil Processing Unit Operations
• Internally coated with epoxy material to prevent iron pickup
• Oil : water content 0.1 -0.12%; impurities < 0.02%.
• Temperature controlled : Storage 32-40oC, (loading/unloading : 50-55oC (heating rate 5oC per 24 hr)
Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org Introduction to Palm Oil Processing -h i di@ f
Palm Oil Processing Flow Chart
Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org
CPO•Color: Dark Red
•Rich in Micronutrient:(Carotenoids; Tocoferol;Tocotrienol; Fitosterol)•“Need to be refined” Refining Process
Introduction to Palm Oil Processing -h i di@ f
Intro to Palm Oil Processing
Purwiyatno Hariyadi; hariyadi@seafast.org 24
Palm Oil Processing Flow Chart
CPO• Commonly consists of desirable triglycerides, y g y ,
unsaponifiable matter together with small amount of impurities. • Impurities contribute undesirable effects to the oil,
for instance color, flavor, odor, instability and foaming.
• Should be removed by a purification step in order to
Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org
• Should be removed by a purification step in order to produce good quality of refined oil with minimal possible oil loss or damage to the oil and desirable materials such as tocopherols and carotenes.
Oil T i l id Di l id M l id
Palm Oil Processing Flow Chart
CPO
Oil Triglyceride, Diglyceride , Monoglyceride; Phospholipids, Glycolipid and Lipoprotein; Free fatty acids
Oxidized Products Peroxides, Aldehydes, Ketones, Furfurals (from sugars)
Non-oil (but oil soluble) Carotene, Tocopherols, Squalene, Sterols
Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org
Impurities Metal particles, Metal ions, Metal complexes
Water Soluble Water (moisture), Glycerol, Chlorophyll pigments, Phenols, Sugars (soluble carbohydrates)
Intro to Palm Oil Processing
Purwiyatno Hariyadi; hariyadi@seafast.org 25
Palm Oil Processing Flow Chart
CPO Typical composition
Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org
CPOPalm Oil Processing Flow Chart – further processing (refining process)
Physical Refining
Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org
Chemical Refining
Introduction to Palm Oil Processing -h i di@ f
Intro to Palm Oil Processing
Purwiyatno Hariyadi; hariyadi@seafast.org 26
CPOPalm Oil Processing Flow Chart – further processing (refining process)
Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org Introduction to Palm Oil Processing -h i di@ f
• Crude oils contain complex organo-phosphorus compounds
-Degumming of CPO
Palm Oil Refining Processing Unit Operations
• Crude oils contain complex organo-phosphorus compounds referred to as phospholipids (phosphatides) or more usually, as gums.
• Phospholipids should be removed because of their strong emulsifying action and if they are not removed, the oil will went through undue darkening during deodorization at high temperature
Th h h li id ( h h tid ) d d i i
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• The phospholipids (phosphatides) are removed during processing by a variety of treatments collectively referred to as degumming.
• The treatment usually involves hydration with water, orthophosphoric acid, and polybasic organic acids either singly or in combination, followed by centrifuging the precipitated material or by its adsorption on bleaching earth or filter.
Introduction to Palm Oil Processing -h i di@ f
Intro to Palm Oil Processing
Purwiyatno Hariyadi; hariyadi@seafast.org 27
-Degumming of CPO
Palm Oil Refining Processing Unit Operations
X
Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org
X = choline (phosphatidyl choline or PC)X = ethanolamine (phosphatidylethanolamine or PE)X = inositol (phosphatidylinositol or PI)X = hydrogen (phosphatidyl acid or PA)
-Degumming of CPO
Palm Oil Refining Processing Unit Operations
Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org
Intro to Palm Oil Processing
Purwiyatno Hariyadi; hariyadi@seafast.org 28
-Degumming of CPO
Palm Oil Refining Processing Unit Operations
Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org
-Degumming of CPO
Palm Oil Refining Processing Unit Operations
Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org
Intro to Palm Oil Processing
Purwiyatno Hariyadi; hariyadi@seafast.org 29
-Bleaching of CPO
Palm Oil Refining Processing Unit Operations
• Treatment that is given to remove color producing substances and to further purify the fat or oil.
• The usual method of bleaching is by adsorption of the color producing substances on an adsorbent material.
• There a lot of adsorbent materials are being used in vegetable oil industry for examples; acid activated bleaching earth, natural bleaching earth, activated carbon and synthetic silicates.
• Acid activated bleaching earth (fuller’s earth) or clay, sometimes called b t it i th d b t t i l th t h b d t t i l
Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org
bentonite, is the adsorbent material that has been used most extensively. • This substance consists primarily of hydrated aluminum silicate. Usually,
bleaching earth does not remove all the color producing materials, much of which are actually removed by thermal destruction during the deodorization process.
• Activated carbon is also used as a bleaching adsorbent to a limited extent.
D d i ti i t di till ti f
Palm Oil Refining Processing Unit Operations
- Deodorization of CPO• Deodorization is a vacuum steam distillation process for
the purpose of removing undesirable flavors and odors, mostly arising from oxidation, in fats and oils.
• Using steam under reduced pressure the volatile compounds are removed from fats and oils.
• Typical conditions approximate 250oC at 2.0 mm absolute
Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org
yp pppressure for 1-4 hr with strong steam sparging.
• The deodorization utilizes the differences in volatility between off-flavor and off-odor substances and the triglycerides.
Intro to Palm Oil Processing
Purwiyatno Hariyadi; hariyadi@seafast.org 30
Typical deodorization conditions
Palm Oil Refining Processing Unit Operations
- Deodorization of CPOTypical deodorization conditions
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Palm Oil Refining Processing Unit Operations
- Deodorizations
Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org
Intro to Palm Oil Processing
Purwiyatno Hariyadi; hariyadi@seafast.org 31
A. Physical RefiningPalm Oil Refining Processing Unit Operations
Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org
-Degumming and pre-bleaching of CPOAdd concentrated (80 85%) phosphoric acid (dose at 0 05
A. Physical RefiningPalm Oil Refining Processing Unit Operations
- Add concentrated (80-85%) phosphoric acid (dose at 0.05-0.2% of fed oil), 13-30 minutes
- Precipitate nonhydratable phosphatides
- Adsorptive cleansing with bleaching clay (add as slurry 0.8 –2%); under vacuum 20-25 mmHg; 95-110oC, 30-45 min).
- Adsorb impurities (trace metal, moisture, insoluble, and part of the t id d th i t
Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org
carotenoids and other pigments- Adsorb/reduce oxidation products- Adsorb phospholipids precipitated by phosphoric acids- Remove any excess phosphoric acids
Intro to Palm Oil Processing
Purwiyatno Hariyadi; hariyadi@seafast.org 32
-Deacidification & Deodorizations
A. Physical RefiningPalm Oil Refining Processing Unit Operations
- Oil is deaerated heating 240-270oC (using external HE) pumped into deodorizer (2-5 mmHg).
- Remove FFA (incl volatile odoriferous, oxidation products (aldehyde and ketone).
- Thermally compose carotenoids P d d li ht l d bl d RBDPO
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- Produced light-colored, bland RBDPO
-Deacidification & Deodorizations
A. Physical Refining
100
Palm Oil Refining Processing Unit Operations
ual C
arot
ene
(%)
100
80
60
40
Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org
Res
idu 40
20
0
180oC (356oF)
200oC (392oF)
240oC (464oF)
20 40 60 Minutes
Intro to Palm Oil Processing
Purwiyatno Hariyadi; hariyadi@seafast.org 33
-Desirable Quality of pretreated and RBDPO
A. Physical RefiningPalm Oil Refining Processing Unit Operations
FFA (as C16:0; %)
Peroxide value (mEq/kg)
Moisture and Impurities (wt, %), max
I ( /k )
Same as Crude feed
0
0.1
0 12
0.10%, max
0
0.1
0 12
Parameter Pretreated PO(Degummed/Bleached) RBDPO
Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org
Iron (mg/kg), max
Copper (mg/kg), max
Phosphorus, (mg/kg), max
0.12
0.05
4
0.12
0.05
4
-Desirable Quality of pretreated and RBDPO
A. Chemical RefiningPalm Oil Refining Processing Unit Operations
Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org
Intro to Palm Oil Processing
Purwiyatno Hariyadi; hariyadi@seafast.org 34
-Alkali Refining- Heating CPO to 80-90oC
A. Chemical RefiningPalm Oil Refining Processing Unit Operations
Heating CPO to 80 90 C- Dose concentrated (80-85%) phosphoric acid at 0.05-0.2% (of fed oil)- Add caustic soda solution (4N = 20Be) with calculated excess of ~20%- Soap removal by centrifugation
- Lighter phase (oil with 500-1000 mg soap/kg oil; moisture) Neutralized Palm Oil (NPO)
- Heavier phase (soap, insoluble impurities, gum, phosphatides,
Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org
p ( p p g p pexcess alkali, and loss oil/emulsion).
- Washing NPO with 10-20% hot water centrifugation- Washed oil is dried under vacuum to a moisture level < 0.05%.
-Bleaching- NPO is bleached (similar process as that of physical refining)
A. Chemical RefiningPalm Oil Refining Processing Unit Operations
NPO is bleached (similar process as that of physical refining)- Adsorptive cleansing with bleaching clay (add as slurry 0.8 – 2%); under
vacuum 20-25 mmHg; 95-110oC, 30-45 min).Adsorb impurities (trace metal, moisture, insoluble's, and part of the carotenoids and other pigmentsAdsorb/reduce oxidation productsAdsorb phospholipids precipitated by phosphoric acids
Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org
Remove any excess phosphoric acids
Intro to Palm Oil Processing
Purwiyatno Hariyadi; hariyadi@seafast.org 35
-Deodorization- NBPO is deodorized (similar process as that of physical refining)
A. Chemical RefiningPalm Oil Refining Processing Unit Operations
NBPO is deodorized (similar process as that of physical refining)- Oil is deaerated heating 240-270oC (using external HE) pumped
into deodorizer (2-5 mmHg).- Remove FFA (incl volatile odoriferous, oxidation products (aldehyde and
ketone).- Thermally compose carotenoids - Produced light-colored, bland NBDPO
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- RF (refining factor) :RF = % total Oil Loss/% FFA in the Oil1.5 – 2.0
-Desirable Quality of pretreated and NBDPO
A. Chemical RefiningPalm Oil Refining Processing Unit Operations
FFA (as C16:0; %)
Peroxide value (mEq/kg)
Moisture and Impurities (wt, %), max
I ( /k )
0.10%, max
0
0.1
0 12
Parameter NBD-PO
0.15%, max
0
0.1
0 15
NB-PO
0.15%, max
-
0.1
N-PO
Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org
Iron (mg/kg), max
Copper (mg/kg), max
Phosphorus, (mg/kg), max
Soap Content (mg/kg)
0.12
0.05
4
0
0.15
0.06
4
0
-
-
-
20
hariyadi@seafast.org
Intro to Palm Oil Processing
Purwiyatno Hariyadi; hariyadi@seafast.org 36
CPOPalm Oil Processing Flow Chart – further processing (refining process)
Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org
Palm Oil Processing Flow Chart – further processing (refining process) & fractionation
Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org
Intro to Palm Oil Processing
Purwiyatno Hariyadi; hariyadi@seafast.org 37
Palm Oil Processing Flow Chart – further processing (refining process) & fractionation
Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org
Palm Oil Processing Fractionation
1 CPO2.CP Olein3. CP Stearin4 RBO Olein
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4. RBO Olein5. RBD Stearin6. RBD PO
Intro to Palm Oil Processing
Purwiyatno Hariyadi; hariyadi@seafast.org 38
Palm Oil Processing Fractionation
T i l l l /t i l id (TAG) f PO i t• Triacylglycerols/triglyceride (TAG) of PO consist of combination of FAs
• 3 commercial methods of fractionations
• Dry fractionation
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• Detergent fractionation
• Solvent fractionation
• To separate olein (low-lti li id h )
Palm Oil Processing Fractionation
Olein
melting liquid phase) and stearin (high-melting solid phase) fraction
• Olein usually used for ki il
Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org Stearin
cooking oil
• Stearin usually for margarine and industrial frying
RBDPO
Intro to Palm Oil Processing
Purwiyatno Hariyadi; hariyadi@seafast.org 39
Palm Oil Processing Fractionation
• Dry fractionation• Dry fractionation• Oil is kept homogenized at 70oC
• Cooled at specific cooling program; up to 20oC (depend on quality requirement)
Filt ti (filt b filt )
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• Filtration (filter press; membrane filter)
• About 65-75% olein + 25-35% stearin
Palm Oil Processing Fractionation
• Dry fractionation• Dry fractionation
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Intro to Palm Oil Processing
Purwiyatno Hariyadi; hariyadi@seafast.org 40
Palm Oil Processing Fractionation
• Detergent fractionation• Usually done on CPO
• Hot oil is cooled up to –usually about 20oC)
• Add and mix with aqueous detergent solution (0.5% sodium lauryl sulfate/SDS)
• Stearin crystals are wetted with SDS go to
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y gaqueous phase
• Centrifugation olein is washed with hot water vacuum dried
• Yield ~ 80% olein
Palm Oil Processing Fractionation
• Solvent fractionation• Most expensive, need lower temp; more
safety feature
• Hexane and acetone
• Oil is dissolved in the solvent cooled filtration
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• Yield ~ 80% Olein
• Viable in production of high value products PMF cocoa butter equivalent
Intro to Palm Oil Processing
Purwiyatno Hariyadi; hariyadi@seafast.org 41
Palm Oil (100%)
1st Fractionation
Palm Oil Processing Fractionation
Olein Fraction65-75 -80%
Stearine Fraction10-35%
2nd Fractionation
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2 Fractionation
2nd Olein Fraction (Super Olein)
55-65%
Palm oil Midfraction 25-30%
Acetone:oil=4:1Crystallize at ~ 0oC1st Fractionation
Palm Oil Processing Fractionation
PALM OIL
LOW MELTING FRACTIONYield >60%M.Pt. <15oC16:0 ~35%
IV > 65
Reheat to 40oCadd more acetone(acetone:oil=4:1)
Crystallize at 20-24oC2nd Fractionation
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HIGH MELTING FRACTIONYield >10%
M.Pt. 55-60oC16:0 ~80%
IV > 10
PALM MIDFRACTIONYield 25-30%M.Pt. 30-35oC
16:0 ~60%IV > 32-36
POP = 56%POS = 10%SOS = 1%
Intro to Palm Oil Processing
Purwiyatno Hariyadi; hariyadi@seafast.org 42
Acetone:oil=4:1Crystallize at ~ 0oC1st Fractionation
Palm Oil Processing Fractionation
PALM OIL
LOW MELTING FRACTIONYield >60%M.Pt. <15oC16:0 ~35%
IV > 65
Reheat to 40oCadd more acetone(acetone:oil=4:1)
Crystallize at 20-24oC2nd Fractionation
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HIGH MELTING FRACTIONYield >10%
M.Pt. 55-60oC16:0 ~80%
IV > 10
PALM MIDFRACTIONYield 25-30%M.Pt. 30-35oC
16:0 ~60%IV > 32-36
POP = 56%POS = 10%SOS = 1%
Palm Oil Processing Fractionation
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Intro to Palm Oil Processing
Purwiyatno Hariyadi; hariyadi@seafast.org 43
Palm Oil Refining Processing Processing Aids
Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org
Thank You ...Resources/References :• APOC (http://www americanpalmoil com/)• APOC (http://www.americanpalmoil.com/)• Palm Oil World (http://www.palmoilworld.org/)• PPKS (iopri.org/)• MPOB (www.mpob.gov.my/)• Info Sawit (http://www.infosawit.com/)• Hariyadi, P. Editors. 2000. Antisipasi Penerapan Trade Barrier oleh
Negara Maju terhadap Produk Kelapa Sawit. Prosiding. MasyarakatPerkelepasawitan Indonesia.
Intro to Palm Oil Processing - hariyadi@seafast.org
Perkelepasawitan Indonesia.• Hariyadi, P. Andarwulan, N, Nuraida, L., Guritno, P., Sugiyono,
Elisabeth, J., and Toruan-Mathius, N. 2007. Rencana Induk KegiatanRiset Unggulan Strategis Nasional Pengembangan Industri KelapaSawit. Kementerian Negara Riset dan Teknologi, Masyarakat Perkelapasawitan Indonesia (MAKSI) dam Institut Pertanian Bogor.
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