course: organizational behavior presented by: syeda tabinda

8/14/2019 Course: Organizational Behavior Presented by: Syeda Tabinda

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MOTIVATIONMOTIVATION

Course: Organizational BehaviorCourse: Organizational Behavior

Presented By: Syeda TabindaPresented By: Syeda Tabinda

8/14/2019 Course: Organizational Behavior Presented by: Syeda Tabinda

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MOTIVATIONMOTIVATION

Motivation may be defined as:Motivation may be defined as:

The willingness to exert high levels ofThe willingness to exert high levels of

effort to reach organizational goals,effort to reach organizational goals,

conditioned by the efforts ability toconditioned by the efforts ability to

satisfy some individual needssatisfy some individual needs

8/14/2019 Course: Organizational Behavior Presented by: Syeda Tabinda

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Introduction to motivationIntroduction to motivation

Employees were considered just anotherEmployees were considered just anotherinput into the production of goods andinput into the production of goods and

services.services. Study by Mayo from 1924 to 1932Study by Mayo from 1924 to 1932concluded:concluded:

employees are not motivated solely by moneyemployees are not motivated solely by money

employee behavior is linked to their attitudesemployee behavior is linked to their attitudes

needs and motivation of employeesneeds and motivation of employeesbecome the primary focus of managersbecome the primary focus of managers

8/14/2019 Course: Organizational Behavior Presented by: Syeda Tabinda

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MOTIVATIONAL THEORIESMOTIVATIONAL THEORIES

Five major approaches that have led toFive major approaches that have led toour understanding of motivation are:our understanding of motivation are:

Maslow's need-hierarchy theory,Maslow's need-hierarchy theory,

Herzberg's two- factor theory,Herzberg's two- factor theory,

Vroom's expectancy theory,Vroom's expectancy theory,

Adams' equity theory,Adams' equity theory, Skinner's reinforcement theory.Skinner's reinforcement theory.

8/14/2019 Course: Organizational Behavior Presented by: Syeda Tabinda

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MASLOWS NEED THEORYMASLOWS NEED THEORY

According toAccording toMaslow:Maslow:

Employees have fiveEmployees have five

levels of needlevels of need

-Physiological-Physiological

-Safety-Safety

-Social-Social-Self esteem-Self esteem

-Self Actualization-Self Actualization

8/14/2019 Course: Organizational Behavior Presented by: Syeda Tabinda

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HERZBERGS TWO FACTORHERZBERGS TWO FACTOR

THEORYTHEORY

Categorized motivation into twoCategorized motivation into twofactors:factors:

MotivatorsMotivators Hygiene factorsHygiene factors

8/14/2019 Course: Organizational Behavior Presented by: Syeda Tabinda

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VROOMS THEORY OFVROOMS THEORY OF

MOTIVATIONMOTIVATION

Vroom's theory is based on the belief thatVroom's theory is based on the belief thatemployee effort will lead to performanceemployee effort will lead to performance

and performance will lead to rewardsand performance will lead to rewards(Vroom, 1964)(Vroom, 1964)

GoodPerformanceEmploy Efforts

Positive rewards

8/14/2019 Course: Organizational Behavior Presented by: Syeda Tabinda

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ADAMS THEORY OFADAMS THEORY OF

MOTIVATIONMOTIVATION

Adams' theory states that employeesAdams' theory states that employeesstrive for equity between themselvesstrive for equity between themselves

and other workers.and other workers.

8/14/2019 Course: Organizational Behavior Presented by: Syeda Tabinda

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SKINNERS THEORY OFSKINNERS THEORY OF

MOTIVATIONMOTIVATION

Skinner's theory simply states thoseSkinner's theory simply states thoseemployees' behaviors that lead toemployees' behaviors that lead to

positive outcomes will be repeatedpositive outcomes will be repeatedand behaviors that lead to negativeand behaviors that lead to negative

outcomes will not be repeatedoutcomes will not be repeated

(Skinner, 1953).(Skinner, 1953).

8/14/2019 Course: Organizational Behavior Presented by: Syeda Tabinda

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DEFINITION OF MOTIVATIONDEFINITION OF MOTIVATION

the psychological process that givesthe psychological process that givesbehavior purpose and directionbehavior purpose and direction

(Kreitner, 1995);(Kreitner, 1995); an internal drive to satisfy anan internal drive to satisfy an

unsatisfied need (Higgins, 1994);unsatisfied need (Higgins, 1994);

the will to achieve (Bedeian, 1993).the will to achieve (Bedeian, 1993).

8/14/2019 Course: Organizational Behavior Presented by: Syeda Tabinda

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ROLE OF MOTIVATIONROLE OF MOTIVATION

Motivated employees are needed inMotivated employees are needed inour rapidly changing workplaces.our rapidly changing workplaces.

Motivated employees helpMotivated employees helporganizations survive.organizations survive.

Motivated employees are moreMotivated employees are more

productive.productive.

8/14/2019 Course: Organizational Behavior Presented by: Syeda Tabinda

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MOTIVATING FACTORSMOTIVATING FACTORS

The ranked order of motivating factors were:The ranked order of motivating factors were:

(a) interesting work(a) interesting work

(b) good wages(b) good wages

(c) full appreciation of work done(c) full appreciation of work done(d) job security(d) job security

(e) good working conditions(e) good working conditions

(f) promotions and growth in the organization(f) promotions and growth in the organization

(g) feeling of being in on things(g) feeling of being in on things

(h) personal loyalty to employees(h) personal loyalty to employees

(i) tactful discipline(i) tactful discipline

(j) sympathetic help with personal problems.(j) sympathetic help with personal problems.

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