cooling tower performance - suranaree university of...
Post on 24-Feb-2018
216 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
0
.
rC compression ratio ---
Vc Clearance Volume cc
Vd Displaced or swept
volume
cc
N Engine speed RPM
B Bore cm
L Stroke cm
T Brake Torque N-m
Pb Brake Power kW
bmep Brake mean effective
pressure
kPa
sfc Specific fuel
consumption
g/kW-hr
th Thermal Efficiency ---
A/F Air fuel ratio kg-Air/ kg-fuel
v Voumatric efficiency ---
2
compression ratio c
cdc
V
VVr
lumeMinimum Vo
lumeMaximum Vo
Brake Power PNT
b
2
60
Brake Mean Effective Pressure bmepPn
V N
R
d
nR 2
1
Brake Specific Fuel Consumption bsfcm
P
f
b
m f
Brake Thermal Efficiency thb
f HV
P
m Q
1
bsfcQHV
QHV heating value
Air fuel ratio f
a
m
mFA /
ma
Volumetric Efficiency ( )
v
a
a i d
m
V N
2
,
a i,
(full load testing)
load (
)
laod load load
3
load (
5 10 %) bmep sfc thermal efficiency
Willans line Method
Willans line Metod
friction power loss Willans line Method
Willans line Method plot brake power (
bmep brake power )
1
1 sfc
1 75%
1
pumping work
friction power loss Pf
Pmax indicated power, Pi Pmax+ Pf
Brake Power Indicated Power
mb
i f
P
P
P
P P
max
max
4
load
Type Ford XLD 418
Engine No D 1870/1 TL
Bore 82.5 mm
Stroke 82.0 mm
Number of Cylinder 4
Swept Volume 1753 cc
Compression Ratio 21.5 to 1
Maximum Power 37 kW at 3600 RPM
Maximum Speed 5000 RPM
load load
Dynamometer
Make Go-Power Systems
Capacity 450 kW
Type D 316
Maximum Speed 10000 RPM
Load Water
Load Cell
Make Revere Transducers Inc.
Type 363-D3-500-20P3
Range 0 - 500 lbs
Output 3.0 mV/V
Air Flow Meter
Drum Size 42 in long x 27 in diameter
Orifice Size 64.95 mm
Coefficient of Discharge 0.6
Fuel Gage 100, 200 and 400 ml
Oil Pressure Gauge UCC 0-10 bar
Oil Temperature Gage Zeal 20-150 C
5
3
“
”
1.
2. load
3. ( 18 - 20
)
4. load
5.
6. start
7. start 10
start
8.
4
1
2 , torque
3
4
1. 5
2. load (
) 5%
( test sheet)
3.
4.
load
3
6
5. load load data points 6
load load data points
10
6.
7.
1. fuel consumption, sfc, thermal efficient bmep
2. bmep, sfc A/F
3. fuel consumption brake power mechanical efficiency
Willans line method
Heywood, J.B., “Internal Combustion Engines Fundametals,” McGraw-Hill, 1988.
Obert, E.F., “Internal Combustion Engines,” 3rd
ed., International Text Company, 1968.
Ferguson, C.R., “Internal Combustion Engines: Applied Thermosciences,” Wiley,1986.
Ganesan, V., “Internal Combustion Engines,” McGraw-Hill, 1994.
PLINT & PARTNERS Ltd. : MANUAL#TE20/A: Instructional Test & Experiments On Internal Combustion Engines.
7
TE
ST
SH
EE
T
Die
sel
En
gin
e: C
on
stan
t S
pee
d T
est
En
gin
eer
: ID
No. :
Gro
up
:
Date
:
En
gin
e: F
OR
D X
LD
418;
4
Cyl.
Bore
: 8
2.5
mm
Str
ok
e :
82
mm
Air
Tem
p
C
Air
Pre
ssu
re
mm
Hg
Fu
el :
TA
CH
O
Bra
ke
Load
Po
we
r
bm
epF
UE
LE
xh
.Tm
ep
Air
En
gin
e C
oll
ing
Wa
ter
Oil
Tem
p
Oil
P.
Dyn
o.
P
(RPM
) (N
-m)
(kW
) (k
N/m
2 ) ti
me
(sec
/cc)
tim
e
(lite
r/hr
)
sfc
(l/k
W.h
r)
(C
) (c
m H
2O)
In
(C
)
ou
t
(C
)
Ra
te
(l/m
in)
(C
) (B
ar)
(Bar
)
8
Tem
pT
orq
u
eR
PM
Air
Flo
w M
eter
an
d A
ir
Box
top related