container handling equipment

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CONTAINER HANDLING CONTAINER HANDLING EQUIPMENTEQUIPMENT

►SHIP/SHORE CRANESHIP/SHORE CRANE►TUGMASTER/CHASSIS TUGMASTER/CHASSIS ►FORK LIFT TRUCKFORK LIFT TRUCK►REACH STACKERREACH STACKER►STRADDLE CARRIERSTRADDLE CARRIER►RUBBER TYRED GANTRY (RTG)RUBBER TYRED GANTRY (RTG)►RAIL MOUNTED GANTRY (RMG)RAIL MOUNTED GANTRY (RMG)►OVERHEAD BRIDGE CRANE (OHBC)OVERHEAD BRIDGE CRANE (OHBC)

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JIB CRANEJIB CRANE

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CONTAINER CRANECONTAINER CRANE

►(PORTAINER*)(PORTAINER*)►Panamax - Post - Super PostPanamax - Post - Super Post►Capacity: Capacity: 35 - 65 tons35 - 65 tons►Outreach:Outreach: 35 - 55 mtrs35 - 55 mtrs►Railgauge:Railgauge: 20 - 30 mtrs20 - 30 mtrs►Backreach:Backreach: 15 - 22 mtrs 15 - 22 mtrs

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CONTAINER CRANECONTAINER CRANE

►Hoist Speed:Hoist Speed: 50/160 m/min50/160 m/min►Lift above rail: 25 - 36 mtrsLift above rail: 25 - 36 mtrs►Length:Length: 27 mtrs27 mtrs►Productivity:Productivity: 25 - 35 ctrs/hr25 - 35 ctrs/hr►Single Hoist - Double HoistSingle Hoist - Double Hoist►Spreader: Fixed - Telescopic - TwinliftSpreader: Fixed - Telescopic - Twinlift► Investment:Investment: > $ 5.0 mio > $ 5.0 mio

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PLUS SHIP’S GANTRYPLUS SHIP’S GANTRY

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Double Hoist Crane + Multi Trailer System Double Hoist Crane + Multi Trailer System

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25 GIAIO TAUROGIAIO TAURO

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BACK REACHBACK REACH

30 OVERHEIGHT SPREADER - FIXED OVERHEIGHT SPREADER - FIXED

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SPREADERSPREADER

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SPREADERSPREADER

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SPREADERSPREADER

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SPREADERSPREADER

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CONTAINER CRANECONTAINER CRANE

►Containership future development:Containership future development:8000/10.000/15.000 TEU8000/10.000/15.000 TEU

►Now: 6690 TEU Ship: 17 rows acrossNow: 6690 TEU Ship: 17 rows across►Future: 18/20/22 rows acrossFuture: 18/20/22 rows across►Port turn around time not to be extended:Port turn around time not to be extended:►Mega crane (Supertainer)Mega crane (Supertainer)►Ship in a slip (recess dock) - handling Ship in a slip (recess dock) - handling

both sides both sides

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CONTAINER CRANECONTAINER CRANE

►Mega crane - Supertainer*Mega crane - Supertainer*►Capacity:Capacity: 65 tons65 tons►Outreach:Outreach: up to 61 mtrsup to 61 mtrs►Railgauge:Railgauge: 30 - 45 mtrs30 - 45 mtrs►Backreach:Backreach: 15 - 23 mtrs15 - 23 mtrs►Hoist Speed:Hoist Speed: 100/200 m/min100/200 m/min

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CONTAINER CRANECONTAINER CRANE

►Lift above rail:Lift above rail: 40 mtrs40 mtrs►Length:Length: 27 mtrs27 mtrs►Productivity:Productivity: 65 - 85 ctrs/hr65 - 85 ctrs/hr

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CONTAINER CRANECONTAINER CRANEDOCKDOCK

►Ship in a slip/recess dockShip in a slip/recess dock►ECT - Rotterdam;ECT - Rotterdam; 19921992►FCT - Zeebrugge:FCT - Zeebrugge: 19941994►CMTI - Amsterdam:CMTI - Amsterdam: 1998 1998 ►Not (yet) realisedNot (yet) realised

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CONTAINER CRANECONTAINER CRANEDOCKDOCK

►Design:Design:►Length:Length: 390 mtrs390 mtrs►Width:Width: 55 mtrs 55 mtrs►Operated by:Operated by: 5 + 4 = 9 (Super) Post 5 + 4 = 9 (Super) Post

Panamax Panamax cranescranes

►Total productivity:Total productivity: 300 ctrs/hr 300 ctrs/hr

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TUGMASTERTUGMASTER(TRACTOR)(TRACTOR)

►Horizontal TransportHorizontal Transport►Easy (dis)connecting ChassisEasy (dis)connecting Chassis►Easy manoeuvrableEasy manoeuvrable►Pulling force > 80 tonsPulling force > 80 tons►4 x 4 Wheel Drive for Ro-Ro’s4 x 4 Wheel Drive for Ro-Ro’s►With Gooseneck -> slavetrailers for Ro-RoWith Gooseneck -> slavetrailers for Ro-Ro►Reversable steering system Reversable steering system ► Investment:Investment: $ 100.000$ 100.000

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MULTI - TRAILER SYSTEMMULTI - TRAILER SYSTEM

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TERMINAL CHASSISTERMINAL CHASSIS

►Horizontal Transport - Storage Horizontal Transport - Storage specified containersspecified containers

►Extremely strong/sturdy constructionExtremely strong/sturdy construction►Guiding devices for easy loadingGuiding devices for easy loading►Suitable for 2 x 20’Suitable for 2 x 20’►Two - high ?Two - high ?► Investment:Investment: $ 10.000$ 10.000

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ROAD CHASSISROAD CHASSIS

►Brakes - Lights - RegulationsBrakes - Lights - Regulations►Storage:Storage: USAUSA►Advantage: No additional yardhandling Advantage: No additional yardhandling

equipment -Easy access for equipment -Easy access for roadtruckersroadtruckers

►Disadvantage: Extremely area Disadvantage: Extremely area consumingconsuming (up to 45 m2/TEU) - (up to 45 m2/TEU) - Availability of chassis from Container Availability of chassis from Container Operator Operator

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STRADDLE CARRIERSTRADDLE CARRIER

►Straddling one container rowStraddling one container row►Stacking 1 over 2/3Stacking 1 over 2/3►Storage:Storage: 14/16 m2/TEU14/16 m2/TEU►Productivity:Productivity: 10 - 15 ctrs/hr10 - 15 ctrs/hr►Weight:Weight: 55 tons (+container)55 tons (+container)►Wheelloads:Wheelloads: 10 tons10 tons► Investment:Investment: $ 0.6 mio$ 0.6 mio

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STRADDLE CARRIERSTRADDLE CARRIER

►Systems:Systems:►All Straddle Carrier: Transport and All Straddle Carrier: Transport and

StackingStacking►Straddle Carrier/Chassis: Stacking only Straddle Carrier/Chassis: Stacking only

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STRADDLE CARRIERSTRADDLE CARRIER

►Advantages:Advantages:►Flexibility - Relatively low wheelloads Flexibility - Relatively low wheelloads ►Disadvantages:Disadvantages:►Flexibility (Safety) - Long travel Flexibility (Safety) - Long travel

distances - Damage sensitivity - Less distances - Damage sensitivity - Less suitable for automation - (Reliability) suitable for automation - (Reliability)

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RUBBER TYRED GANTRYRUBBER TYRED GANTRY

►Straddling 6 - 8 containers plus Straddling 6 - 8 containers plus trucklanetrucklane

►Stacking:Stacking: 1 over 3/4/5 1 over 3/4/5►Storage:Storage: 10 - 12 m2/TEU10 - 12 m2/TEU►Productivity:Productivity: 20 - 25 ctrs/hr20 - 25 ctrs/hr►Weight:Weight: >110 tons>110 tons►Wheelloads:Wheelloads: up to 40 tons (8 wheels)up to 40 tons (8 wheels)► Investment:Investment: $ 1.3 mio$ 1.3 mio

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RUBBER TYRED GANTRYRUBBER TYRED GANTRY

►Advantages:Advantages:►Ample flexibility (transferable from Ample flexibility (transferable from

stack to stack by turning wheels 90 stack to stack by turning wheels 90 degrees)degrees)

►High productivity: One RTG can match High productivity: One RTG can match one Ship/shore container craneone Ship/shore container crane

►Reliability - Less sensitive to damage - Reliability - Less sensitive to damage - Suitable for automation - Efficient Suitable for automation - Efficient stackingstacking

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RUBBER TYRED GANTRYRUBBER TYRED GANTRY

►Disadvantages:Disadvantages:►High wheelloads ( to be reduced by High wheelloads ( to be reduced by

applying 16 wheels) applying 16 wheels)

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RUBBER TYRED GANTRYRUBBER TYRED GANTRY

►Automated steering systems: Automated steering systems: Damage preventionDamage prevention

► Inductive loop in wheelpathInductive loop in wheelpath►OpticalOptical

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RUBBER TYRED GANTRYRUBBER TYRED GANTRY

►Auto - steering plus Positioning:Auto - steering plus Positioning:►Magnetic platesMagnetic plates►Metal strips - sensorsMetal strips - sensors►DGPS - Satellite navigation/positioningDGPS - Satellite navigation/positioning

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RAIL MOUNTED GANTRYRAIL MOUNTED GANTRY

►Straddling 15 + containers plus Straddling 15 + containers plus trucklane(s) (and railtrack)trucklane(s) (and railtrack)

►Stacking:Stacking: 1 over 5/61 over 5/6►Storage: Storage: 7 - 9 m2/TEU7 - 9 m2/TEU►Productivity:Productivity: 25 ctrs/hr25 ctrs/hr►RailtracksRailtracks► Investment: > $ 1.5 mioInvestment: > $ 1.5 mio

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RAIL MOUNTED GANTRYRAIL MOUNTED GANTRY

►Advantages:Advantages:►Reliability - High productivity - Less Reliability - High productivity - Less

sensitive to damage - Suitable for sensitive to damage - Suitable for automation (ASC)automation (ASC)

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RAIL MOUNTED GANTRYRAIL MOUNTED GANTRY

►Disadvantages:Disadvantages:►Not flexible - not transferable to other Not flexible - not transferable to other

stackstack►High investmentsHigh investments►High Throughput TerminalsHigh Throughput Terminals

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RMGRMG

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RAIL MOUNTED GANTRYRAIL MOUNTED GANTRY

►ECT - Delta Sea Land TerminalECT - Delta Sea Land Terminal►Double hoist Super Post Panamax Double hoist Super Post Panamax

ship-shore cranesship-shore cranes►Automated Guided Vehicles (AGV)Automated Guided Vehicles (AGV)►Automated Stacking cranes (ASC)Automated Stacking cranes (ASC)

(3-high/5 wide)(3-high/5 wide)

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OVERHEAD BRIDGE CRANEOVERHEAD BRIDGE CRANE

►OHBCOHBC►Rigid constructionRigid construction►Fully automatedFully automated►Transfer area sea/land side served by Transfer area sea/land side served by

Straddle carrier - ? -Straddle carrier - ? -►High stacking capacity High stacking capacity

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OVERHEAD BRIDGE CRANEOVERHEAD BRIDGE CRANE

►High Throughput Terminals:High Throughput Terminals: (Pasir (Pasir Panjang Terminal PSA - Design Panjang Terminal PSA - Design capacity: 35 mio TEU/yrcapacity: 35 mio TEU/yr

►(Mid 1980 constructed by Container (Mid 1980 constructed by Container Repair Company in Rotterdam for Repair Company in Rotterdam for servicing its MT depot) servicing its MT depot)

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MISCELLANEOUSMISCELLANEOUS

►FLT + AttachmentsFLT + Attachments►Side stacker/loaderSide stacker/loader►Reach StackerReach Stacker►Container Freight Station (CFS)Container Freight Station (CFS)►MT Depot (Storage)MT Depot (Storage)

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COMMUNICATIONCOMMUNICATION

►Mobilophone SystemMobilophone System►Mobilophone: Yard Operator - Handling Mobilophone: Yard Operator - Handling

Equipment Equipment ►Portophone: Ass. Manager - Foreman - Portophone: Ass. Manager - Foreman -

CheckerChecker►Separate Portophones for Ship - Shore Separate Portophones for Ship - Shore

cranes (driver and radioman - safety) cranes (driver and radioman - safety)

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COMMUNICATIONCOMMUNICATION

►Mobilophone System:Mobilophone System:►Disadvantage:Disadvantage:►Too many frequencies - external Too many frequencies - external

disturbances - hifg degree of discipline disturbances - hifg degree of discipline required - sensitive to mistakesrequired - sensitive to mistakes

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CONTROLCONTROL

►Automated Container Terminal Control Automated Container Terminal Control SystemSystem

►NAVIS - SPARCS/EXPRESSNAVIS - SPARCS/EXPRESS►COSMOSCOSMOS►Radio Data TransmissionRadio Data Transmission► Instructions and confirmations via LCD Instructions and confirmations via LCD

screen/keyboard. Equipment: fixed units screen/keyboard. Equipment: fixed units - others mobile hand held terminals- others mobile hand held terminals

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COMMUNICATIONCOMMUNICATION

►Mobilophone/Portophone Mobilophone/Portophone

►For “normal”verbal communication For “normal”verbal communication and safety reasonsand safety reasons

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LABOURLABOUR

►Less physical functionsLess physical functions► Increasing need specialist/combi Increasing need specialist/combi

functionsfunctions►Flexibility/EmployabilityFlexibility/Employability►Automation: Automation:

Administration - Planning - Administration - Planning - OperationsOperations

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LABOURLABOURCOMBI FUNCTIONSCOMBI FUNCTIONS

►MainfunctionMainfunction + A + A

TugmasterTugmaster CheckerCheckerRTGRTG ugmasterugmaster

CheckerChecker

Ctr. CraneCtr. Crane RTGRTGTugmasterTugmasterCheckerChecker

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EQUIPMENT CAPACITY EQUIPMENT CAPACITY ANNUALANNUAL

►Ship-Shore Container Crane:Ship-Shore Container Crane:3-4000 hrs x 25 ctrs/hr = 75-100.000 3-4000 hrs x 25 ctrs/hr = 75-100.000 ctrs ctrs

►Straddle Carrier:Straddle Carrier:3000 hrs x 12 ctrs/hr = 36.000 ctrs3000 hrs x 12 ctrs/hr = 36.000 ctrs

►Rubber Tyred Gantry: Rubber Tyred Gantry: 3000 hrs x 20 ctrs/hr = 60.000 ctrs3000 hrs x 20 ctrs/hr = 60.000 ctrs

►Rail Mounted Gantry:Rail Mounted Gantry:3000 hrs x 25 ctrs/hr = 75.000 ctrs3000 hrs x 25 ctrs/hr = 75.000 ctrs

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EQUIPMENT CAPACITYEQUIPMENT CAPACITYSTORAGESTORAGE

►Chassis:Chassis: 45 m2/TEU45 m2/TEU►Straddle CarrierStraddle Carrier 16 m2/TEU16 m2/TEU►RTGRTG 12 m2/TEU12 m2/TEU►RMGRMG 9 m2/TEU 9 m2/TEU►FLT (MT)FLT (MT) 7 m2/TEU 7 m2/TEU►FLT (Full)FLT (Full) 25 m2/TEU25 m2/TEU►ReachstackerReachstacker 15 m2/TEU15 m2/TEU

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EQUIPMENT CAPACITYEQUIPMENT CAPACITY

►EQUIPMENT:EQUIPMENT:Containers/Moves per Hour/Shift/YearContainers/Moves per Hour/Shift/Year

►STORAGE:STORAGE: TEU’sTEU’s►SHIPS:SHIPS: TEU’sTEU’s►TEU = Twenty feet Equivalent UnitTEU = Twenty feet Equivalent Unit►FEU = Fourty feet Equivalent UnitFEU = Fourty feet Equivalent Unit

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EQUIPMENT COSTSEQUIPMENT COSTSEXAMPLEEXAMPLE

►CONTAINER CRANECONTAINER CRANE Investment:Investment:$ 6.0 mio$ 6.0 mio

►Annual:Annual:►Depreciation 25 yrsDepreciation 25 yrs $ 240.000$ 240.000

Interest Costs (8%)Interest Costs (8%) $ 260.000$ 260.000M&R 2.5% IM&R 2.5% I $ 150.000$ 150.000PowerPower $ 100.000$ 100.000TotalTotal $ 750.000$ 750.000

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EQUIPMENT COSTSEQUIPMENT COSTSEXAMPLEEXAMPLE

►TOTAL PER YEAR:TOTAL PER YEAR: $ 750.000$ 750.000

►Running Hours:Running Hours: 30003000

►Per Hour:Per Hour: $ 250$ 250

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EQUIPMENT COSTSEQUIPMENT COSTSEXAMPLEEXAMPLE

►RUBBER TYRED GANTRYRUBBER TYRED GANTRY► Investment:Investment: $ 1.3 mio$ 1.3 mio►Annual:Annual:►Depreciation 12 yrsDepreciation 12 yrs $ 108.500$ 108.500

Interestcosts 8%Interestcosts 8% $ 61.000$ 61.000 M&R M&R 7.5 % I7.5 % I $ 97.500$ 97.500 Fuel 20 Fuel 20 ltr/hrltr/hr $ 45.000$ 45.000 TotalTotal

$ 312.000$ 312.000

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EQUIPMENT COSTSEQUIPMENT COSTSEXAMPLEEXAMPLE

►TOTAL PER YEAR:TOTAL PER YEAR: $ 312.000$ 312.000

►Running Hours:Running Hours: 30003000

►Per Hour:Per Hour: $ 104$ 104

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EQUIPMENT COSTSEQUIPMENT COSTSEXAMPLEEXAMPLE

►TUGMASTERTUGMASTER► Investment:Investment: $ 100.000$ 100.000►Annual:Annual:►Depreciation 10 yrs:Depreciation 10 yrs: $ 10.000$ 10.000

Interestcosts 8 %Interestcosts 8 % $ 4.800$ 4.800M&R 15% I:M&R 15% I: $ 15.000$ 15.000Fuel 10 ltr/hr:Fuel 10 ltr/hr: $ $

22.50022.500 TotalTotal$ 52.300$ 52.300

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EQUIPMENT COSTSEQUIPMENT COSTSEXAMPLEEXAMPLE

►TOTAL PER YEAR:TOTAL PER YEAR: $ 52.300$ 52.300

►Running Hours:Running Hours: 30003000

►Per Hour:Per Hour: $ 17.50$ 17.50

►Chassis:Chassis: $ 2.50$ 2.50

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GANG COST STRUCTUREGANG COST STRUCTUREEXAMPLEEXAMPLE

►Per Gang/hr:Per Gang/hr:►a) Labour:a) Labour:

1 Foreman1 Foreman $ 50$ 502 Cranedrivers2 Cranedrivers $ 80$ 80

2 Checkers2 Checkers $ 60$ 605 Tugm. Drivers5 Tugm. Drivers $ 150$ 1501 RTG Driver1 RTG Driver $ 40$ 403 Lashers3 Lashers $ 60$ 60

TotalTotal Labour: Labour: $ 440 $ 440

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GANG COST STRUCTUREGANG COST STRUCTUREEXAMPLEEXAMPLE

►b) Equipment:b) Equipment:1 Contr. Crane1 Contr. Crane $ $

250250 5 Tugmasters + Chassis5 Tugmasters + Chassis $ $ 100100 1 RTG1 RTG $ 104$ 104

Total EquipmentTotal Equipment $ 454$ 454►c) Working Area etc.c) Working Area etc. $ 106$ 106

TOTALTOTAL $ 1000$ 1000

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RATE STRUCTURERATE STRUCTUREEXAMPLEEXAMPLE

►Total Gang CostsTotal Gang Costs $ 1000$ 1000Overhead 40%Overhead 40% $ 400$ 400

Total CostsTotal Costs $ 1400$ 1400Profit 20%Profit 20% $ 280$ 280

Grand TotalGrand Total $ 1680$ 1680 per Hourper Hour

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RATE STRUCTURERATE STRUCTUREEXAMPLEEXAMPLE

►Total Gangcosts per hour:Total Gangcosts per hour: $ 1680$ 1680

Total Gangcosts per shift:Total Gangcosts per shift: $ $ 1344013440

►Productivity:Productivity:GrossGross 200 ctrs/shift200 ctrs/shiftLost Labour etc. 30%Lost Labour etc. 30% 60 60 ctrs/shift ctrs/shiftNetNet 140 ctrs/shift140 ctrs/shift

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RATE STRUCTURERATE STRUCTUREEXAMPLEEXAMPLE

►Net productivity:Net productivity: 140 ctrs/shift140 ctrs/shift

►Rate per container/move:Rate per container/move:13440 : 140 =13440 : 140 = $ 96.- $ 96.-

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