comparative studies of popular computer games' design principles re-volt vs mario kart wii tong...
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Comparative Studies of popular computer games' design principles
Re-Volt VS Mario Kart WiiTong Chun Kit 08543688d
Wong Wing Fai 08504417dLung Wing Kiu 08549400dKwan Kai Hong 08603063d
Re-Volt
Developers Acclaim Cheltenham
Publishers Acclaim Entertainment
Platform PC
Release date
1999
Genre(s) Racing (Radio control car),Simulation
Modes Single player,Local multiplayer,Online multiplayer
Input Methods
Keyboard,Joystick
Mario Kart
Developers Nintendo EAD
Publishers Nintendo
Native Resolution
480i480p
Platform Wii Console
Release date 2008
Genre(s) Racing (Go-kart-style)
Modes Single-player,Local multiplayer,Online multiplayer
Input methods
Wii Remote,Wii Remote + Wii Wheel,Wii Remote + Nunchuk,Gamepad
Player groups and characteristics
Re-Volt• All ages, gender and
demographic groups• Targeted on teenagers and
kids• Multi-languages• For both hard gamers and
casual gamers
Mario Kart Wii• All ages, gender and
demographic groups• Targeted on teenagers and
kids• More friendly to females• Multi-languages• For both hard gamers and
casual gamers
Reinforcement – Stimulus
Re-Volt• Control a cool and popular
RC car• Attack enemies and escape
the attack from enemies• Using driving skills and
driving boards
Mario Kart Wii• Love driving• Attack enemies and escape
the attack from enemies• Using driving skills and
driving boards
Reinforcement – Challenges
Re-Volt• Player begin from the last• Easy challenge get small
reward• Difficult challenge get big
reward
Mario Kart Wii• Player begin from the last• Easy challenge get small
reward• Difficult challenge get big
reward• Do extra missions gain
special reward
Reinforcement – Rewards (Re-Volt)
• Modes– Racing unlock: Complete the first in the race to unlock– Mission unlock: Collect items to unlock
• Rewards– Cars– Tracks
Reinforcement – Rewards (Mario Kart Wii)
• Modes– Racing unlock: Complete the first in the race to unlock– Mission unlock: Collect items to unlock– Event unlock: Play all tracks once to unlock
• Rewards– Cars / Motors– Tracks– Items– Characters
Reinforcement – Difficulty
• Depend on the player car performance• NPCs will use cars with similar capabilities.
Reinforcement – Strategy Development
Re-Volt• Car selection• Items collected• Shortcut• Driving skills
Mario Kart Wii• Car selection• Character selection• Items collected• Driving skills• Cooperate missions
Reinforcement – The concept of Luck
• While player pick up the item• Randomly assign a weapon or an item to player• All players can collect items• Some powerful items are more difficult to get• Worse player have more chance to get a more powerful item
Cognitive Dissonance
• Conflict with a person’s believes and attitudes• Players drive “dangerously” to win• Intentionally crash other players to make them lose
Cognitive Dissonance
• They don’t drive like that in real world– Creates dissonance
• Solve dissonance by changing thoughts– Players think they are in a game not in the real world, it’s different!– Use unrealistic design in the game to let players distinguish from real
world
Theory of Regret
• If the player complete the second in the race, he will win the race
• If the player can complete the race earlier one second, he may get any rewards
• Players may occur some unfortunate events or mistakes, e.g. player’s car crashed to the wall or be attacked by the enemy car
• If the player goes wrong direction or path, he will probably lose this match
Cognitive System – Cognitive Skills
• Both games has an easy learning curve• They have to learn
– Track environments– Using the pickups tactically/skillfully
• Players need to multitask when playing– Puts great deal of load to cognitive system– Tasks:
• Drive fast without crashing• Pickup items• Attack
Cognitive System – Motor Skills
• Transform cognitive skills to motor skills– Thoughts -> key presses
• React very quick like reflex action to win• Examples
– If the road is moving right, right key needs to be pressed– Avoid obstacles– Get back to track as fast possible after crash
Cognitive System – Memorizing
• Short term memory– Where the items placed– Where each player is– Who is heading
• Long term memory– Shortcuts– Crashing mistakes
Cognitive System – Coordinating
Re-Volt• Hard to control• Realistic physical
environment• More demanding player
skills
Mario Kart Wii• Easy to control• Approximated simulation
physical environment • Less demanding player skills
Cognitive System – Attention Design
Re-Volt Mario Kart Wii
• Screen elements designed according to needed attention
Cognitive System – Attention Design
• Attention shifts not as many as RTS games– Focused mainly in driving
• Attention shifts are different according to situation• Last position or behind most players
– Avoid crashes– Pickup items– Attack
• First position– More focused in driving– No opponents in front to attack
Cognitive System – Attention Design
• Attention duration should also be considered in design• Players in different environments have different characteristics• Play mobile game while waiting for bus
– Easily distracted and lose attention– Can’t expect long continous attention– Gameplay lasts for minutes
• Play console game at home– Dedicated time– Less distraction– Gameplay lasts for hours
• Above is reflected in the design in the racing games
Cognitive System – Interference among game knowledge
• Experience in playing games generally• How to drift the car• Pass through the curves with the minimum speed reduction
Cognitive System – Visual Transformation
• Transform what they see on the screen into an imaginary 3D space
• Camera/Viewport have to be well designed– Ease visual transformation by player’s brain
• In Mario Kart Wii/Re-Volt– Camera at the back of car– Predictable
• Left side of screen is left side of car• Going into the screen is the front side of car
– Easy to understand
Social and Cultural characteristics – Cultural difference
Re-Volt• The style of the game
elements are more realistic• Most of them are come
from the real world
Mario Kart Wii• Fictional & unrealistic style• Cartoonish color scheme
Cognitive System – The concept of Fun(Physical fun)
• Experience a simulation of driving in the real world.
• Enjoy driving in high speed
Cognitive System – The concept of Fun(Social fun)
• Both Re-Volt and Mario Kart Wii support multi-players mode and allow many people to compete with each others or cooperate to win a battle or defeat a boss.
Cognitive System – The concept of Fun(Mental fun)
• Both Re-Volt and Mario Kart Wii share a similar Mental fun– Pressure build-up and release
• Aimed by other players behind• Being over taken by other players/ cannot desert other players
Cognitive System – The concept of Fun(Mental fun)
• Mario Kart Wii also provides another source of mental fun– BGM
• The players’ emotion may be driven by the BGM of tracks, special BGM for different event and voices of the characters
Cognitive System – The concept of Survival
• Both Re-Volt and Mario Kart Wii share a similar survival concept– Familiarize with the controlling technique of different cars– Familiarize with the tracks– Familiarize with the weapons characteristics
Other design elements – Play mechanics
• Both Re-Volt & Mario Kart Wii have Intelligent NPCs
• The collision response simulation is quite different
Other design elements – Interfaces design (Re-Volt)
1. Current place
2. The total time, last lap time and best lap time elapsed
5. Item collected
3. Distance between front car
4. Distance between back car 6. Car speed7. A direction sign
Other design elements – Interfaces design (Mario Kart Wii)
3. Item collected
4: Mini-map
2. The total time elapsed
1. Current place
Other design elements – Graphical & Game elements design
Re-Volt: toy-feeling• RC cars design(antenna,
electric motor, batteries etc.)
• Items design(fireworks missiles, bowling balls)
• Tracks design(supermarket, museum, ship)
Mario Kart Wii: fictional & unreal
• Characters & cars design (cartoonish & fictional, original from other Mario series)
• Items design (original from Mario series)
• Animated 3D characters (cheering, stunning)
Other design elements – Audio and Music
Re-Volt• No BGMs• Only SEs present in the
game
Mario Kart Wii• BGMs and SEs present in
the game• Different track has different
BGMs• Some special BGM will be
played when some special events occur
Other design elements – Control Schemes
Re-Volt• Support keyboards and
joysticks• Control keys can be changed
base on players’ preference
Mario Kart Wii• Support Wii remote only,
Wii remote with Nunchuk or Wii Wheel
Other design elements – Game Modes
• Similarities and differences in game modesGame Modes Re-Volt Mario Kart Wii
Single player Yes Yes
Multi-player No Yes
Link Play Yes Yes
Championship Yes Yes
Battle Yes Yes
Time trial Yes Yes
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