colorado stains
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PRESENTED BY—SOUNDARYA V
DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC HEALTH DENTISTRY
D.A. PANDU MEMORIAL R.V. DENTAL COLLEGE
COLORADO STAINS
INTRODUCTION
Dental fluorosis / Mottled enamel
Excessive intake of fluoride
fluorapatite is generated.
Permanent + primary teeth
water supply other sources
NormalSmooth, glossy, pale creamy-white translucent surface
Questionable A few white flecks or white spots
Very Mild
Small opaque, paper white areas covering less than 25% of the tooth surface
DEAN'S INDEX
MildOpaque white areas covering less than 50% of the tooth surface
Moderate
All tooth surfaces affected; marked wear on biting surfaces; brown stain may be present
SevereAll tooth surfaces affected; discrete or confluent pitting; brown stain present
STUDY DONE BY----
born in Lawrence, Massachusetts
graduate of the Dental School University of Pennsylvania
came to Colorado Springs in 1901
moved to St. Louis for orthodontic training.
Dr. Frederick S. McKay
1874-1959
dedicated individual who was determined to identify the cause of the discoloration of teeth and spent a lifetime using his personal funds to pursue his goal.
o Frederick McKay found strange marks on the teeth of native people in Colorado
o In 1909, Frederick McKay, A. Fleming and Isaac Burton initiated a study ( public schools ) and found that
2,945 children 87.5 percent were afflicted.
o It was also endemic to other communities along the Continental Divide
Wrote the first detailed clinical description of mottled enamel which is now termed fluorosis.
McKay’s findings drew little notice until 1915. That year he collaborated with Dr. G. V. Black
In 1928, Dr. McKay discovered the agent also inhibited dental caries - Hereford, texas ( 3 ppm )
In 1931, Dr. McKay sent samples to a chemist, H.V. Churchill who identified the causative agent as fluoride. ( 13.2 ppm )
naturally derived from the rock formations of Pikes Peak, cryolite, a mineral containing fluorine..
US Public Health Service
H. Trendley Dean
survey the nation’s water supplies for high fluoride
content
PUBLIC HEALTH PERSPECTIVE In the 1940s, studies were proved the benefits of
fluoridation of community water supplies
City or Town
Initiated
Fluoridation
Discontinued Fluoridation
Number of
Years without Fluoridation
Percent
Increase in Caries Rates
Antigo, Wisconsin
1949
1960
5.5
70%-200%
Wick,
Scotland
1971
1979
5.0
Primary 40% Permanent 27%
Galesburg, Illinois
Naturally Fl
water source
1959
switched to non-Fl
water source
2.0
38%
REFERENCES
pubmed Hhtp.fluoridehistory.org http://www.ada.org/public/topics/fluoride/fa
cts/ http://othmerlib.chemheritage.org/search
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