climate data and information and development challenges
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International Workshop on Rescue and Digitization of Climate Records Tarragona, Spain 28-30 Nov.2007
CLIMATE DATA AND INFORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT CHALLENGES
Buruhani NYENZI Director World Climate
Programme
Omar BADDOUR Chief, World Climate Data
and MonitoringProgrammeWorld Meteorological Organization
Geneva, Switzerland
International Workshop on Rescue and Digitization of Climate Records Tarragona, Spain 28-30 Nov.2007
Outline
PART I
• Climate Key Issues
• WMO’s Role in Climate
• WMO Programmes on Climate
PART II
• Objectives and Structure of the Workshop
International Workshop on Rescue and Digitization of Climate Records Tarragona, Spain 28-30 Nov.2007
Weather vs. Climate
• “Weather” is a snapshot of the state of atmosphere over a relatively short period of time (usually less than a week)
• “Climate” represents an average or collective state of the weather patterns over a long period of time
• Climate = Time average of weather + climate extremes
International Workshop on Rescue and Digitization of Climate Records Tarragona, Spain 28-30 Nov.2007
Climate is NOT constant
• Changes in Climate occur on all time and space scales characteristic of the Earth System
International Workshop on Rescue and Digitization of Climate Records Tarragona, Spain 28-30 Nov.2007
Climate Variability and Change• Seasonal to interannual fluctuations are considered to be
“climate variability”.– Anomalies can be expected to recur at intervals less than a
decade and the long-term mean state essentially remains the same.
• Decadal and longer time scale changes are considered to be part of what is widely known as “climate change”. – Climatic characteristics tend to gradually move towards a
substantially different mean state.
International Workshop on Rescue and Digitization of Climate Records Tarragona, Spain 28-30 Nov.2007
El Niño and La NiñaEl Niño (1997)
La Niña (1988)
International Workshop on Rescue and Digitization of Climate Records Tarragona, Spain 28-30 Nov.2007
Climate Change
• Climate change refers to the variation in the Earth's global climate or in regional climates over time.
• It describes changes in the variability or average state of the atmosphere over time scales ranging from decades to millions of years.
• These changes can be caused by processes internal to the Earth, external forces or, more recently, human activities.
International Workshop on Rescue and Digitization of Climate Records Tarragona, Spain 28-30 Nov.2007
International Workshop on Rescue and Digitization of Climate Records Tarragona, Spain 28-30 Nov.2007
Direct Observations of Recent Climate Change (IPCC AR4)
• Global average air temperature warming trend has accelerated– 1906-2005 : 0.74°C
• Average ocean temperature increased to depths of at least 3000 m – ocean has absorbed 80% of heat added (sea water expansion and sea-level rise)
International Workshop on Rescue and Digitization of Climate Records Tarragona, Spain 28-30 Nov.2007
Global mean temperatures are rising faster with time
100 0.0740.018 50 0.1280.026
Warmest 12 years:1998,2005,2003,2002,2004,200
6, 2001,1997,1995,1999,1990,200
0
Period Rate
Years /decade
International Workshop on Rescue and Digitization of Climate Records Tarragona, Spain 28-30 Nov.2007
Climate Change Impacts
• Climate change, particularly the increasing surface temperature, is already affecting both natural and human-managed systems.
• All major socio-economic sectors will be affected, with a wide range of regional impacts:– Water– Ecosystems– Food– Coastal systems and low-lying areas– Industry, settlement and society– Health
International Workshop on Rescue and Digitization of Climate Records Tarragona, Spain 28-30 Nov.2007
Decline in Arctic ice extent
Difference in ice extent in March (maximum) and September (minimum) from the mean values for 1979–2005. The rates of decrease in March and September were 2% per decade and 7% per decade, respectively. Recent data from March 2006 are also shown and represent a new record minimum for the period of observation.
International Workshop on Rescue and Digitization of Climate Records Tarragona, Spain 28-30 Nov.2007
Projections of Future Changes in Climate
• Precipitation increases very likely in high latitudes• Decreases likely in most subtropical land regions
International Workshop on Rescue and Digitization of Climate Records Tarragona, Spain 28-30 Nov.2007
Development Challenges
– Single climate extreme events in some countries can cause setbacks equivalent to decade’s worth of economic growth
– Climate Variability and extremes strongly impact Development and poverty in developing Countries
– Achieving UN millennium Development goals will be possible only if climate variability and change are managed effectively
International Workshop on Rescue and Digitization of Climate Records Tarragona, Spain 28-30 Nov.2007
Development Challenges
Adaptation is the way forward by Building Adaptive Capacity and Taking Actions
Creating the Information through: Research, Data collection and monitoring
Awareness-raising>Adjust Social Structure Develop Governance Set up Programmes and projects to reduce
vulnerability to climate risks or to exploit opportunities
International Workshop on Rescue and Digitization of Climate Records Tarragona, Spain 28-30 Nov.2007
International Climate Activities
GOOS(IOC, WMO, UNEP, ICSU)
ISSCInternational
Social ScienceCouncil
ICSUInternational Council for
Science
UNESCOUN EducationalScientific and
Cultural Organization
WMO UN WORLDBANK
FAO WHO
IOC MAB UNEP UNDP
IPCC UN FCCC/COP GEF
IHDPInternational
HumanDimensionsProgramme
IGBPInternationalGeosphere-Biosphere
Programme
CCACoordination activities within the Climate Agenda
WCRP(WMO, ICSU)
WCDMP(WMO)
WCASP(WMO)
WCIRP(UNEP)
GCOS(WMO, IOC, UNEP, ICSU)
GTOS(UNEP, FAO, UNESCO, WMO, ICSU)
THE CLIMATE AGENDATHE CLIMATE AGENDA
WORLD CLIMATE PROGRAMME
InternationalNon-government
Organizations
CCl
International Workshop on Rescue and Digitization of Climate Records Tarragona, Spain 28-30 Nov.2007
UNFCCC:COP12Nairobi work programme with 9 areas
of activities
• Methods and tools• Data and observations• Climate modeling, scenarios and downscaling• Climate related risks and extreme events• Socio-economic information• Adaptation planning and practices• Research• Technologies for adaptation• Economic diversification
International Workshop on Rescue and Digitization of Climate Records Tarragona, Spain 28-30 Nov.2007
WMO’s Climate-Related Activities
1- Observations, data management and data exchange WWW, SPACE PROGRAMME, GCOS, WCDMP
2- Research and predictions: WCRP,AREP
3- Climate products and services (for sector-specific
applications) WCASP
4- Capacity building, education and training ETR
5- Climate coordination CCA
6- WMO Commission for Climatology (Established in 1929) CCl
International Workshop on Rescue and Digitization of Climate Records Tarragona, Spain 28-30 Nov.2007
GCOS Surface Network (GSN)989 Stations
International Workshop on Rescue and Digitization of Climate Records Tarragona, Spain 28-30 Nov.2007
Applications of climate information and prediction services to support human activities and sustainable development
– Economic efficiency– Human health and well being– Food production, food security– Water resources planning and management– Renewable/efficient energy– Sustainable tourism– Urban and built environment
International Workshop on Rescue and Digitization of Climate Records Tarragona, Spain 28-30 Nov.2007
Heat-Health Warning Systems
Goals: Reduce mortality and morbidity
associated with life-threatening heatwaves
Strengthen WMO/NMHS partnerships with health and social services (global, regional, national) for effective service delivery – Met forecasts alone are insufficient
Develop Guidance on and tools for: early warning and detection of
health effects of heatwaves; national/local preparedness
planning for extreme heat events; public/media outreach; interventions to save lives.
International Workshop on Rescue and Digitization of Climate Records Tarragona, Spain 28-30 Nov.2007
WMO proactively pursues climate applications
• Espoo Conference (Living with Climate Variability and Change: July, 2006) highlights the role of users and decision makers in climate services.
• Madrid Conference (Socio-economic Benefits of Meteorological Services: March, 2007) highlights the quantification of socio-economic benefits of meteorological services.
• ‘World Climate Conference Three under preparation• UNFCCC COP-12 in 2006, recognized the role of WMO
and NMHSs in the “Nairobi Programme of Work on Impacts, Vulnerability and Adaptation to Climate Change”.
International Workshop on Rescue and Digitization of Climate Records Tarragona, Spain 28-30 Nov.2007
Climate data and data management Current Priority activities
• Implementation of new CDMs to ensure better data management including new type of data and quality management
• Establish standards for the exchange of metadata and the needs for WIS
• Guide on the choice of instruments and sensors and basics characteristics of Climate networks and their observation
• Best practices for long term homogeneity of climate data• Guidance and procedures for improved data exchange to
meet GCOS requirements and principles• Data Rescue at risk of lost and or degradation
International Workshop on Rescue and Digitization of Climate Records Tarragona, Spain 28-30 Nov.2007
Climate Data management Managing Climate records using modern data management systems Ensuring easy access, and Data Import-export, Providing quality control function
Bridging IT gap in developingCountries, LCDs and SIDS
A capacity building package includes:
# THREE weeks training# Provision of CDMS # Provision of computer ready to operate
THE AIM
THE CHALLENGE
International Workshop on Rescue and Digitization of Climate Records Tarragona, Spain 28-30 Nov.2007
Climate Data Management Systems (CDMSs)
• CLICOM Dos-based (outdated)
• iADAMA Australia
• CLIDATA Czech Republic
• JCDMS Jordan
• CLISYS France
• CLIWARE Russian Federation
• SDCLIM Tunisia
• CLIMSOFT Zimbabwe
International Workshop on Rescue and Digitization of Climate Records Tarragona, Spain 28-30 Nov.2007
22
CDMS ImplementationPreliminary figures, source WMO
CLIDATA- CLIMSOFT
AnguillaSt.Kitts & NevisMontserratDominicaSt.Vincent & GrenGrenadaTurks & CaicosSt. LuciaBritish Virgin IslandsCayman IslandsBahamasNetherlands AntilBelize
BurundiComorosLesothoMalawiNamibiaRwandaSeychellesSwazilandTanzaniaUganda Zimbabwe Zambia
Russia Kazakhstan
AngolaCameroonCongoGabonRDCRCASao Tome et Principe
EstoniaLatviaLithuaniaMacedoniaBosniaSerbiaMoldova
AGRHYMET (Niger)Burkina FasoCape VerdeChadGambiaGuinea BissauMaliMauritaniaNigerSenegalGuinea TOGOBeninGhana
CIMH BarbadosBarbadosCubaDominican RepHaitiJamaicaTrinidad & TobagoAntigua & Barbuda
Cook IslandsFijiKiribatiPapua New GuineaNiueSamoaSolomon Is.TongaTuvaluVanuatu
Implementation Status of CMDSs
International Workshop on Rescue and Digitization of Climate Records Tarragona, Spain 28-30 Nov.2007
Analysis of Climate Variability and change
Current Priority activities
• Develop and make use of indices of climate variability and change including surface,
• Identify observations needs for climate change detection
• Provision of WMO climate System monitoring and its relevant publications
• Coordinate global extreme data records
International Workshop on Rescue and Digitization of Climate Records Tarragona, Spain 28-30 Nov.2007
Climate Change Indices
RClimdex • 27 Climate change detection indices:• Using common climate parameters:
(temperature, precipitation, cold/warm spells, etc.)
• Developed by CCl Experts• Microsoft Excel based program • Provides statistical analysis and graphics
http://cccma.seos.uvic.ca/ETCCDMI/software.shtml
International Workshop on Rescue and Digitization of Climate Records Tarragona, Spain 28-30 Nov.2007
Regional Seminar on climate change indices for Central African Countries, Brazaville, Congo, April 2007
International Workshop on Rescue and Digitization of Climate Records Tarragona, Spain 28-30 Nov.2007
International Workshop on Rescue and Digitization of Climate records in the
Mediterranean Basin Tarragona, Spain, 28-30 November 2007
GOALS OBJECTIVES and
STRUCTURE
International Workshop on Rescue and Digitization of Climate Records Tarragona, Spain 28-30 Nov.2007
The Goal and Objectives of the Workshop
The Long term Goal
Is To have the Mediterranean Climate records Digitized in the longest possible time-
series length
HOW ?
Using the best available techniques and methods in rescuing, imaging and digitizing data
WHO ?
NMHSs,
Universities,
Climate Institutions
international Data archiving centres
International Climate Data projects and networks
Collaboration, Partnership, Information sharing, Multilateral projects, Networking are the key Elements in this enterprise
International Workshop on Rescue and Digitization of Climate Records Tarragona, Spain 28-30 Nov.2007
The objectives
Immediate 1- Inform/discuss techniques and procedures on data and
metadata recovery, digitization, composing,formatting, archiving and disseminating long-term climate records,
2- Discuss and issue recommendations to make accessible the rescued time series for the international scientific community; decision makers and other end users
3- Identify (*) opportunities, resources to be mobilized at the national and regional scales
International Workshop on Rescue and Digitization of Climate Records Tarragona, Spain 28-30 Nov.2007
The objectivesMedium Term (within 2 years):• 1- Establish an Inventory on country basis of
the currently available long-term climate records in digital form (temperature, precipitation, air pressure) and the longest and key climate records to be recovered
• 2- Set up a common website for inventorying the current available climate data and the potential data to be recovered on a national basis
International Workshop on Rescue and Digitization of Climate Records Tarragona, Spain 28-30 Nov.2007
Structure of the Workshop
5 sessions
SESSION I: Emphasizing Needs for DARE Projects
SESSION II: Existing Regional initiatives and datasets
SESSION III: Reviewing National Mediterranean DARE projects
SESSION IV: Working group session :WG1 and WG2 WG1 Techniques, methods and inventory
WG2 Resource Mobilization and Web Portal
SESSION V: Presentation of WG conclusions and Recommendations
End Friday 13:00
International Workshop on Rescue and Digitization of Climate Records Tarragona, Spain 28-30 Nov.2007
THANK YOU
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