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Click to edit Master title style
Intro to the Elements and
Principles of Design
Elements of Design
Line – Line divides the garment into areas as well as giving a feeling of movement.
Lines can be more than horizontal or vertical. They can be. . . .
• Curved
• Diagonal
• Zigzag
• Dashed
• Parallel
• Wavy
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Intro to the Elements and
Principles of Design
Elements of Design
Space – Space is the area inside the shape or
outline of an object.
Positive space is
occupied by the
main subject.
Negative space is
the area around
the positive
space.
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Intro to the Elements and
Principles of Design
Elements of Design
Shape –
the outline or silhouette of an
object. It is two-dimensional and
appears flat.
Form –
the shape and structure of an
item. It is three-dimensional with
length, width, and depth.
(A circle is a shape; a ball is a form.)
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Intro to the Elements and
Principles of Design
Elements of Design
Texture –
refers to the surface feel of
fabrics. Texture should
harmonize with body size.
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Intro to the Elements and
Principles of Design
Elements of Design
Pattern
• Size of pattern, type of fabric, and
placement of pattern on the design matter
Large
Small Abstract Geometric
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Intro to the Elements and
Principles of Design
Elements of Design
Color – Usually the first aspect of a
garment to which people respond;
consumers often select or reject
garments based on color.
Value and Intensity
Chart (Example)
Start
Here
Value Scale:
Add White
Intensity Scale:
Add Gray
Intensity Scale:
Add Complement
Value Scale:
Add Black
The Principles of Design
Rhythm: related movement that leads the eye smoothly and easily from one part of the design to another
Rhythm provides a sense of order and quality of gracefulness.
Rhythm provides the illusion of motion as the eye moves easily from one part of the design to another.
Four types of rhythm include the following:
3. transition
4. radiation
1. repetition
2. gradation
The Principles of Design
Emphasis: also known as the “center of
interest,” “focal point,” and “dominant idea” Emphasis centers attention on the most important
item in an arrangement and allows rhythm to carry the
eye from this point to other areas of interest.
Emphasis creates order and captures attention.
Examples: Color, Lines, Neckline, Collar
The Principles of Design
Balance: the arranging of design parts to
create a feeling of rest and equilibrium
Balance produces a sense of equality
between opposite elements.
Types are as follows:
1. Formal balance (symmetrical) – The design
is the same on each side of the design
center.
2. Informal balance (asymmetrical) – The
design is balanced but is different on each
side of the design center.
The Principles of Design
Balance- equalizing the parts of design
All types of Balance
Formal-Symmetrical
Informal- Asymmetrical
Vertical
Horizontal
Radial
The Principles of Design
Proportion/Scale
Proportion is the relationship of parts to
each other and to the design as a whole
based on division of space.
Scale is the law of proportion when
applied to the size relationship of
objects used together.
The Principles of Design
Harmony: the combination of unity and variety. All
parts of the room or garment work together to
create a pleasing, whole design.
Harmony occurs when the parts of a design are related by a
unified design and consistency of style.
Harmony is essential to successful design.
Harmony is the final goal of any arrangement.
Harmony demands that the sizes, shapes, colors, textures,
and ideas used to create the arrangement or design be
related.
Unity + Variety = Harmony
Principles of Design
Unity
Utilizing all elements to create a pleasing
effect
Construction lines
should match
Similar shapes and
curves
Plaids and stripes
should match
throughout
Sleeve lines and
pattern should
match bodice lines
Style lines in the
tops and bottoms
should match
Principles of Design
Variety
"to change the character" of an element, to make it
different.
Variety is the complement to unity and is needed to
create visual interest. Without unity, an image is
chaotic and "unreadable;" without variety it is dull and
uninteresting.
Good design is achieved through the balance of unity
and variety; the elements need to be alike enough so
we perceive them as belonging together and different
enough to be interesting.
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