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#cleantechEUROPE I3connect.com
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Cutting Edge: Early Signals of
Innovation Trends to Watch Out For
Jules Besnainou
Director, Cleantech Group
jules.besnainou@cleantech.com
@julobes
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Agenda
Ana Trbovic Grid Singularity
Lionel Rudant CEA - Leti
Anna Gilles ENS Lyon
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Block chain:
The trust hype
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Agenda The block chain, a distributed ledger
Transaction 1
Transaction 2
Transaction 3
Transaction 4
Transaction 500
Block 11 1, 2, 3, 4…500
Block Block
Block Block Block 11
1, 2, 3, 4…500
1. A set of
transactions are
broadcast
2. “Miners”
compete to
combine them in
a block
3. Winning “Miner”
adds the block to
the pre-existing
chain, broadcasts
for verification
Transaction 1
Transaction 2
Transaction 3
Transaction 4
Transaction 500
4. New chain is
disseminated to
network
5. Transactions
are verified by
network, and
permanently
added to chain
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2. Energy access
& trading
1. Internet of
(decentralized
autonomous)
things
What it could disrupt
3. The Smart Grid
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Barriers to market
1. Fragmentation
2. Critical mass
3. Speed and scaling
4.Computing power = energy
consumption
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Electricity Grid Supply Chain
Platforms
IoT
Opportunities to invest
Smart Contract
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Ana Trbovic
Director
Grid Singularity
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5G:
Fifth time’s the charm
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The two 5Gs
1. The hyper-connected vision 2. Next-gen radio technology
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What it could disrupt
1. Autonomous
Vehicles
2. Data Delivery 3. Telecoms
business models
4. Virtual Reality
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Caution’s the word
1. Coverage will be an issue
2. Infrastructure investments will need
to be high
3. A battle of standards and
compatibility looms
4. Until then, your IoT investments are
risky
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Lionel Rudant
Strategic Marketing Manager
CEA - Leti
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Gene Editing
Ctrl+c, Ctrl+v
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What it could disrupt
1. Food, crops &
pest management
2. Biofuels 3. Biomaterials
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Barriers to market
1. Regulatory environment
2. Ongoing IP battle
3. Consumer reservations
4. Readier competitors
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CRISPR Developers
Opportunities to invest
Energy, materials
and ag applications
50
100
150
200
250
2/2/2016 2/22/2016 3/13/2016 4/2/2016
Cellectis Sangamo Editas
$1.4bn
$1bn
$0.5bn
Share price, IPO date and market cap of a few bio stocks
2016
2015
2000
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Anna Gilles
Researcher
ENS Lyon
Travis Bedel for Quanta Magazine
A Common Molecule: DNA
• Four bases:
– Adenine
– Guanine
– Thymine
– Cytosine
• Human genome:
– 3.3 x 109 base pairs
– ~ 20 000 genes
• Fly genome:
– 1.2 x 108 base pairs
– ~17 000 genes
Travis Bedel for Quanta Magazine
CRISPR/Cas9: the bacterial immune system
CRISPR: Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats
Cas9: CRISPR-associated protein 9
Linnea Holmström Ljung
sgRNA
tracrRNA
CRISPR
CRISPR/Cas9 at the molecular level
sgRNA: • any 17-20 nucleotides, followed
by NGG on the target DNA • very specific
What CRISPR/Cas9 does:
What we can do with CRISPR/Cas9:
Introduce targeted deletions into genes
Precisely modify genes by introducing new DNA at specific sites
CRISPR/Cas9 can be programmed for any model organism
Emmanuelle Charpentier
Jennifer Doudna
Linnea Holmström Ljung
Hsu et al. 2014, Cell
Example: Vaccine production in chicken
• 2% of children worldwide allergic to chicken egg protein
• Allergy mostly caused by one gene
• removal of this gene in chicken with CRISPR/Cas9 will make vaccines safer for children
Why CRISPR/Cas9 is a big deal
• Straightforward design • Cost-efficient • Works in any of the major model organisms • High targeting efficiency → unprecedented liberty to precisely edit genomes at low cost
Why CRISPR/Cas9 is a big deal
• Straightforward design • Cost-efficient • Works in any of the major model organisms • High targeting efficiency → unprecedented liberty to precisely edit genomes at low cost
Why CRISPR/Cas9 is highly debated
• Delivery of components • “off-target effects“ • Any organism modified with CRISPR/Cas9 is a GMO! • Modification of the human germ line possible • Patent situation unclear
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