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CL 254: Process Fluid Mechanics

P Sunthar

Department of Chemical EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology, Bombay

Mumbai 400076, IndiaP.Sunthar@iitb.ac.in

03 Jan 2011

Chemical Engineering Fluid Mechanics CL 254 Course

Outline of the Lecture

1 Chemical Engineering

2 Fluid Mechanics

3 CL 254 Course

P Sunthar (IIT Bombay) CL 254: Process Fluid Mechanics CL 254 2 / 22

Chemical Engineering Fluid Mechanics CL 254 Course Nature Chemical Process Unit Operations

Outline of this Section

1 Chemical EngineeringNatureChemical ProcessUnit Operations

2 Fluid Mechanics

3 CL 254 Course

P Sunthar (IIT Bombay) CL 254: Process Fluid Mechanics CL 254 3 / 22

Chemical Engineering Fluid Mechanics CL 254 Course Nature Chemical Process Unit Operations

Product vs Service

Sensory appealDefining products of a disciplinePersonal attachment

P Sunthar (IIT Bombay) CL 254: Process Fluid Mechanics CL 254 4 / 22

Chemical Engineering Fluid Mechanics CL 254 Course Nature Chemical Process Unit Operations

Chemical Industry is Service Oriented

Service orientedProvides raw materials in bulkIntellectually challenging

Complex systemSeveral non-linear interactingsystems

P Sunthar (IIT Bombay) CL 254: Process Fluid Mechanics CL 254 5 / 22

Chemical Engineering Fluid Mechanics CL 254 Course Nature Chemical Process Unit Operations

Major Chemicals

Sulphuric Acid (140 plants, 12 Million tonnes/Annum)Ammonia, Urea (20 Million tpa), Nitric AcidSodium HydroxidePetroleum Products: Fuels, Ethylene, GreasesPharmaceuticals

P Sunthar (IIT Bombay) CL 254: Process Fluid Mechanics CL 254 6 / 22

Chemical Engineering Fluid Mechanics CL 254 Course Nature Chemical Process Unit Operations

The Chemical Process

Production of Bulk materials from raw materialsFeed Preparation (Purification, Heating, Compression)Transformation (Reaction)Separation

End ProductsBy-productsUnreacted reagents

The GoalEnergy EfficientEconomicalEnvironmental effects Minimised (Wasteless)

P Sunthar (IIT Bombay) CL 254: Process Fluid Mechanics CL 254 7 / 22

Chemical Engineering Fluid Mechanics CL 254 Course Nature Chemical Process Unit Operations

The Challenge

Food security: Food production through non-biologicalroutes?

From Minerals to food products

Energy security: Non-petroleum sources of energy.Pollution of biosphere.

P Sunthar (IIT Bombay) CL 254: Process Fluid Mechanics CL 254 8 / 22

Chemical Engineering Fluid Mechanics CL 254 Course Nature Chemical Process Unit Operations

Sulphuric Acid Process

P Sunthar (IIT Bombay) CL 254: Process Fluid Mechanics CL 254 9 / 22

Chemical Engineering Fluid Mechanics CL 254 Course Nature Chemical Process Unit Operations

Unit Operations

Momentum Transfer (Fluid Mechanics)Mass Transfer (Purification, Separation)Heat Transfer (State Changes)Chemical Reaction

P Sunthar (IIT Bombay) CL 254: Process Fluid Mechanics CL 254 10 / 22

Chemical Engineering Fluid Mechanics CL 254 Course Nature Chemical Process Unit Operations

Feed Preparation Operations

Ion ExchangeColumnDeareator (Spray,Bubble Column)Heat ExchangerCompressor

http://www.lhwinc.com/http://thermgard.com.au

P Sunthar (IIT Bombay) CL 254: Process Fluid Mechanics CL 254 11 / 22

Chemical Engineering Fluid Mechanics CL 254 Course Nature Chemical Process Unit Operations

Feed Preparation Operations

Ion ExchangeColumnDeareator (Spray,Bubble Column)Heat ExchangerCompressor

http://www.lhwinc.com/

http://thermgard.com.au

P Sunthar (IIT Bombay) CL 254: Process Fluid Mechanics CL 254 11 / 22

Chemical Engineering Fluid Mechanics CL 254 Course Nature Chemical Process Unit Operations

Feed Preparation Operations

Ion ExchangeColumnDeareator (Spray,Bubble Column)Heat ExchangerCompressor

http://www.lhwinc.com/http://thermgard.com.au

P Sunthar (IIT Bombay) CL 254: Process Fluid Mechanics CL 254 11 / 22

Chemical Engineering Fluid Mechanics CL 254 Course Nature Chemical Process Unit Operations

Feed Preparation Operations

Ion ExchangeColumnDeareator (Spray,Bubble Column)Heat ExchangerCompressor

http://www.lhwinc.com/http://thermgard.com.au

P Sunthar (IIT Bombay) CL 254: Process Fluid Mechanics CL 254 11 / 22

Chemical Engineering Fluid Mechanics CL 254 Course Nature Chemical Process Unit Operations

Reaction Operations

Stirred TankTubular ReactorFixed (Packed) BedReactorFluidised BedReactor

P Sunthar (IIT Bombay) CL 254: Process Fluid Mechanics CL 254 12 / 22

Chemical Engineering Fluid Mechanics CL 254 Course Nature Chemical Process Unit Operations

Reaction Operations

Stirred TankTubular ReactorFixed (Packed) BedReactorFluidised BedReactor

P Sunthar (IIT Bombay) CL 254: Process Fluid Mechanics CL 254 12 / 22

Chemical Engineering Fluid Mechanics CL 254 Course Nature Chemical Process Unit Operations

Reaction Operations

Stirred TankTubular ReactorFixed (Packed) BedReactorFluidised BedReactor

P Sunthar (IIT Bombay) CL 254: Process Fluid Mechanics CL 254 12 / 22

Chemical Engineering Fluid Mechanics CL 254 Course Nature Chemical Process Unit Operations

Reaction Operations

Stirred TankTubular ReactorFixed (Packed) BedReactorFluidised BedReactor

P Sunthar (IIT Bombay) CL 254: Process Fluid Mechanics CL 254 12 / 22

Chemical Engineering Fluid Mechanics CL 254 Course Nature Chemical Process Unit Operations

Separation Operations

DistillationFiltrationCycloneExtraction

P Sunthar (IIT Bombay) CL 254: Process Fluid Mechanics CL 254 13 / 22

Chemical Engineering Fluid Mechanics CL 254 Course Nature Chemical Process Unit Operations

Separation Operations

DistillationFiltrationCycloneExtraction

P Sunthar (IIT Bombay) CL 254: Process Fluid Mechanics CL 254 13 / 22

Chemical Engineering Fluid Mechanics CL 254 Course Nature Chemical Process Unit Operations

Separation Operations

DistillationFiltrationCycloneExtraction

P Sunthar (IIT Bombay) CL 254: Process Fluid Mechanics CL 254 13 / 22

Chemical Engineering Fluid Mechanics CL 254 Course Nature Chemical Process Unit Operations

Separation Operations

DistillationFiltrationCycloneExtraction

P Sunthar (IIT Bombay) CL 254: Process Fluid Mechanics CL 254 13 / 22

Chemical Engineering Fluid Mechanics CL 254 Course Mechanics Energetics

Outline of this Section

1 Chemical Engineering

2 Fluid MechanicsMechanicsEnergetics

3 CL 254 Course

P Sunthar (IIT Bombay) CL 254: Process Fluid Mechanics CL 254 14 / 22

Chemical Engineering Fluid Mechanics CL 254 Course Mechanics Energetics

Mechanics of Fluids

Velocities (Kinematics)Forces (Dynamics)Energy

P Sunthar (IIT Bombay) CL 254: Process Fluid Mechanics CL 254 15 / 22

Chemical Engineering Fluid Mechanics CL 254 Course Mechanics Energetics

Discrete and Continuous

Discrete particle MechanicsMechanics of continuous medium

Solid MechanicsFluid Mechanics

New Terms in Fluid MechanicsDensityViscosityElasticityNon-linear behaviour (Oils, Honey)Time dependent behaviour (Tooth-Pastes)

P Sunthar (IIT Bombay) CL 254: Process Fluid Mechanics CL 254 16 / 22

Chemical Engineering Fluid Mechanics CL 254 Course Mechanics Energetics

Fluid Mechanics and Plant Design

Forces (pressures) by fluid on EquipmentMechanical design of EquipmentProcessing rates (volumetric flow rates)

Energy for transport fluids or mixingPower consumptionEfficiency of operation

P Sunthar (IIT Bombay) CL 254: Process Fluid Mechanics CL 254 17 / 22

Chemical Engineering Fluid Mechanics CL 254 Course Mechanics Energetics

Challenges in Fluid Mechanics

Simple Equations but difficult solutionDifficulty posed by Geometry of EquipmentSpatial Variation of propertiesUnknown behaviour of properties (turbulence,Non-Newtonian)

Simplification by Mathematical modelsSimple physical modelsRequires good physical insight

P Sunthar (IIT Bombay) CL 254: Process Fluid Mechanics CL 254 18 / 22

Chemical Engineering Fluid Mechanics CL 254 Course Lectures Assessment Attendance

Outline of this Section

1 Chemical Engineering

2 Fluid Mechanics

3 CL 254 CourseLecturesAssessmentAttendance

P Sunthar (IIT Bombay) CL 254: Process Fluid Mechanics CL 254 19 / 22

Chemical Engineering Fluid Mechanics CL 254 Course Lectures Assessment Attendance

Lectures: Fundamentals to Plant Design

About 10 industrial operationsChosen from Sulphuric Acid, Methanol, and Urea PlantsPipe flows and PumpingCompressorsReactorsSeparation Equipments

Connection with fundamentalsSimplificationsExactly solvable problemsApproximate solutions to full problems

P Sunthar (IIT Bombay) CL 254: Process Fluid Mechanics CL 254 20 / 22

Chemical Engineering Fluid Mechanics CL 254 Course Lectures Assessment Attendance

Assessment

AssignmentsOnlineProblems with answers for practice5% of total marks

Quizzes10 short (15 min) quizzes20% of total

Mid-sem: 25%End-sem: 50%

P Sunthar (IIT Bombay) CL 254: Process Fluid Mechanics CL 254 21 / 22

Chemical Engineering Fluid Mechanics CL 254 Course Lectures Assessment Attendance

Attendance

No XX GradeAttendance will be recorded everyday: by YouPass sheet in a Zig-Zag manner; be truthful.If you miss, meet me after class

Room 222, First Floor. Ph: 7229

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