civil war kevin hughes, breanne phillips, adam borek

Civil WarCivil War

Kevin Hughes, Breanne Kevin Hughes, Breanne Phillips, Phillips,

Adam BorekAdam Borek

ThesisThesis The goal of this project is to The goal of this project is to

inform and re-educate our inform and re-educate our classmates on the Civil War for classmates on the Civil War for the American Cultures II Final the American Cultures II Final

Conflict Conflict Fight over slaveryFight over slavery States secede from UnionStates secede from Union

– South Carolina South Carolina – December 20, 1860 December 20, 1860 – Lincoln Elected 1860Lincoln Elected 1860

South no longer voice in Government South no longer voice in Government

ConfederacyConfederacy

Capital: Richmond, VirginiaCapital: Richmond, VirginiaPresident: Jefferson Davis President: Jefferson Davis States:States:

South Carolina Louisiana South Carolina Louisiana Virginia Mississippi Virginia Mississippi North Carolina AlabamaNorth Carolina AlabamaTennessee Georgia Tennessee Georgia Arkansas FloridaArkansas FloridaTexas Texas

General InformationGeneral Information

StartedStarted– April 12, 1861 April 12, 1861

Ended Ended – April 18,1865April 18,1865

AdvantagesAdvantages Home TerritoryHome Territory

– Know the LandKnow the Land Top Three Generals from MilitaryTop Three Generals from Military

– Albert Johnston Albert Johnston – Joseph Johnston Joseph Johnston – Robert E. LeeRobert E. Lee

Help of the local people Help of the local people

UnionUnion Capital: Washington, DCCapital: Washington, DC President: Abraham LincolnPresident: Abraham Lincoln States: States: Pennsylvania, Maryland Pennsylvania, Maryland

Delaware, New York, New Jersey, Delaware, New York, New Jersey, Connecticut, Rhode Island, Vermont, Connecticut, Rhode Island, Vermont, New Hampshire, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Maine, Massachusetts, Indiana, Ohio, Illinois, West Virginia, Indiana, Ohio, Illinois, West Virginia, Kentucky, Missouri, Iowa, Minnesota, Kentucky, Missouri, Iowa, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, Oregon, California, Wisconsin, Michigan, Oregon, California, Kansas Kansas

Advantages Advantages Many more factoriesMany more factories Twice as many railroadsTwice as many railroads Twice as much farmlandTwice as much farmland Greater populationGreater population Able to field, feed, and equipAble to field, feed, and equip

Border StatesBorder States Slave states that didn’t secede Slave states that didn’t secede Missouri Missouri Kentucky Kentucky West Virginia West Virginia Maryland Maryland Delaware Delaware

Robert E. LeeRobert E. Lee January 19, 1807January 19, 1807 Top United States Top United States

GeneralGeneral– Resigned and joined Resigned and joined

Confederacy Confederacy Top General for Top General for

Confederacy Confederacy – Army of Northern Army of Northern

VirginiaVirginia Strongest Confederate Strongest Confederate

Army Army

Ulysses S. GrantUlysses S. Grant Most successful General in the WestMost successful General in the West Wore rumpled clothesWore rumpled clothes Took chancesTook chances

George McClellanGeorge McClellan Appointed by Appointed by

Lincoln after Union’s Lincoln after Union’s defeat at Bull Rundefeat at Bull Run

Good organizerGood organizer Wore carefully fitted Wore carefully fitted

uniformsuniforms Very cautiousVery cautious

– Trained army for 7 Trained army for 7 months before months before attackattack

Abraham Lincoln Abraham Lincoln Elected as President Elected as President

in 1860in 1860 Against slaveryAgainst slavery Gettysburg Address Gettysburg Address

– November 19, 1863November 19, 1863– Honored men who died Honored men who died

Strategy Strategy

ConfederacyConfederacy– Aid from EuropeAid from Europe– Defend LandDefend Land

UnionUnion– Blockade Southern seaportsBlockade Southern seaports– Gain control of Mississippi RiverGain control of Mississippi River– Invade VirginiaInvade Virginia

Seize Richmond Seize Richmond

Fort SumterFort Sumter South CarolinaSouth Carolina Moved to 5 days after successionMoved to 5 days after succession April 12, 1861April 12, 1861

– First shots of warFirst shots of war

Bull RunBull Run July 21, 1861July 21, 1861 Union leader – General Irvin McDowellUnion leader – General Irvin McDowell Confederate leader – Thomas “Stonewall” Confederate leader – Thomas “Stonewall”

JacksonJackson Expected as an easy Union victoryExpected as an easy Union victory In beginning, Union army pushed forwardIn beginning, Union army pushed forward Battle turned in favor of ConfederatesBattle turned in favor of Confederates

– Union soldiers were untrained; turned back Union soldiers were untrained; turned back towards Washington D.C.towards Washington D.C.

– Confederates were too tired to chase themConfederates were too tired to chase them

Monitor vs. Merrimack Monitor vs. Merrimack Battle of Hampton RoadsBattle of Hampton Roads March 8-9, 1862March 8-9, 1862 Monitor Monitor

– UnionUnion Louis M. GoldsboroughLouis M. Goldsborough John MarstonJohn Marston

Merrimack Merrimack – ConfederateConfederate

Franklin BuchananFranklin Buchanan– Catesby ap Roger JonesCatesby ap Roger Jones

Most important naval battleMost important naval battle– New battle shipsNew battle ships

Iron cladsIron clads Victory?Victory?

– South did more damage to NorthSouth did more damage to North– North never had their blockade threatenedNorth never had their blockade threatened

Battle of Shiloh Battle of Shiloh April 6, 1862April 6, 1862 Pittsburgh Landing, Tennessee Pittsburgh Landing, Tennessee Confederates AttackedConfederates Attacked Casualties:Casualties:

– North: 13,000+North: 13,000+– South: 11,000South: 11,000– One of the bloodiest battle of Civil WarOne of the bloodiest battle of Civil War

Union Victory Union Victory

Battle of Antietam Battle of Antietam September 17, 1862September 17, 1862 Sharpsburg, Maryland Sharpsburg, Maryland Generals Generals

– McClellan(N)McClellan(N)– Lee(S)Lee(S)

No decisive victoryNo decisive victory– Strategic North Strategic North

VictoryVictory Caused South to Caused South to

retreat across Potomic retreat across Potomic RiverRiver

Battle of Battle of Fredericksburg Fredericksburg December 11-15, 1862December 11-15, 1862 Fredericksburg, VirginiaFredericksburg, Virginia Union tried to start attack on Richmond Union tried to start attack on Richmond GeneralsGenerals

– Ambrose E. Burnside (N)Ambrose E. Burnside (N)– Robert E. Lee (S)Robert E. Lee (S)

Confederate VictoryConfederate Victory

Emancipation Proclamation January 1, 1863 Issued by President Lincoln Freed enslaved individuals

– Only in areas fighting against the Union Little immediate effect Changed motivation for war

– One nation to slavery

Battle of Battle of Chancellorsville Chancellorsville April 30 to May 6, 1863April 30 to May 6, 1863 Spotsylvania Courthouse, Virginia Union tried to push South back Generals

– Joseph Hooker(N)– Robert E. Lee and “Stonewall”

Jackson(S) Confederate Victory

VicksburgVicksburg May 18, 1863May 18, 1863 Siege by UnionSiege by Union

– Surrounded by military force Surrounded by military force – Ate rats to surviveAte rats to survive

Last Confederate City on Last Confederate City on Mississippi RiverMississippi River

Confederate troops surrendered Confederate troops surrendered

Battle of Gettysburg Battle of Gettysburg July 1-3, 1863July 1-3, 1863 Wanted Victory on Union SoilWanted Victory on Union Soil

– Robert E. LeeRobert E. Lee Ran into Meade’s ArmyRan into Meade’s Army

– Looking for shoesLooking for shoes Union VictoryUnion Victory

Battle of AtlantaBattle of Atlanta July 22, 1864July 22, 1864 Southeast of Atlanta, GeorgiaSoutheast of Atlanta, Georgia

– Took 6 weeks after the war for the Took 6 weeks after the war for the city to fallcity to fall

Union VictoryUnion Victory– In a campaign to take over the In a campaign to take over the

railroadrailroad

General Sherman’s General Sherman’s March to seaMarch to sea ShermanSherman

– The only way to win is total warThe only way to win is total war Left Atlanta November 15, 1864Left Atlanta November 15, 1864

– Start of the destruction Start of the destruction – Left a path 60 miles wideLeft a path 60 miles wide

Burned buildings, crops, consumed goods, Burned buildings, crops, consumed goods, and killed live stockand killed live stock

By February 1865 they made it By February 1865 they made it across Northacross North

Appomattox Court Appomattox Court HouseHouse April 2, 1865April 2, 1865

– Union broke through Confederate linesUnion broke through Confederate lines– Took over Richmond Took over Richmond

Lee had to retreatLee had to retreat Surrendered April 9, 1865Surrendered April 9, 1865

– Give up weaponsGive up weapons WAR IS OVER!WAR IS OVER!

ResultResult Union VictoryUnion Victory Country Put back together Country Put back together Slaves Freed Slaves Freed Left South in Ruins Left South in Ruins Casualties: Approximately Casualties: Approximately

620,000 620,000

Lincoln AssassinatedLincoln Assassinated April 14, 1865April 14, 1865

– Five days after Lee’s surrenderFive days after Lee’s surrender Shot at Ford’s Theater Shot at Ford’s Theater

– John Wilkes Booth John Wilkes Booth – Eight people convictedEight people convicted– Four people hungFour people hung

Successor: Vice President Andrew Successor: Vice President Andrew JohnsonJohnson

Role of African Americans They favored the Union Fought for their freedom Allowed to volunteer only after

Emancipation Proclamation Many former slaves who escaped If caught returned to slavery or killed Got less pay and worse treatment for

same job Slaves tried to hurt Confederacy

Role of Woman Disguised as men and joined army Became spies Took over jobs of men

– Worked on the farm– Made ammunition – Government Jobs– Teachers– Nurses

Added AmendmentsAdded Amendments 1313thth Abolished slavery Abolished slavery 1414thth Any person born in the U.S is Any person born in the U.S is

a citizen a citizen 1515thth Gave African Americans the Gave African Americans the

right to voteright to vote

VideoVideo http://www.youtube.com/watch?v

=EDxrB9-7tHY

Civil War Pictures

Works Cited Works Cited Hall, Prentice. Hall, Prentice. Prentice Hall America: History Of Our Nation - Prentice Hall America: History Of Our Nation -

Civil War to the Present & Beginnings Through 1877Civil War to the Present & Beginnings Through 1877. . Alexandria, VA: Prentice Hall, 2009.Alexandria, VA: Prentice Hall, 2009.

"American Civil War - African Americans / Slavery | Abolition "American Civil War - African Americans / Slavery | Abolition and Slavery." and Slavery." American Civil War - HomeAmerican Civil War - Home. 17 May 2009 . 17 May 2009 <http://www.civilwar.com/abolition-and-slavery/african-<http://www.civilwar.com/abolition-and-slavery/african-americans-slavery.html>.americans-slavery.html>.

"Battle Summary: Chancellorsville, VA." National Park Service - Experience Your America. 17 May 2009 <http://www.nps.gov/hps/abpp/battles/va032.htm>.

"Battle of Antietam - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia." Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. 17 May 2009 <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Antietam>.