cis 454-01 / 528-01 introduction to business gis winter 2005 lecture 2 dr. david gadish

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CIS 454-01 / 528-01CIS 454-01 / 528-01Introduction to Business GISIntroduction to Business GIS

Winter 2005Winter 2005

Lecture 2Lecture 2

Dr. David GadishDr. David Gadish

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Lecture 1 Review

Course outline Course web site Student introduction Introduction to GIS The project

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Lecture 2 Agenda

What is GIS? (Review) Start Foundations of GIS

– Focus on GIS data Demo: City of LA Prototype Hands-on exercises:

– Chapter 3 – Exploring ArcMap– Chapter 4 – Exploring ArcCatalog (time

permitting) Your project

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What Is GIS ?

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What is GIS ?

Geographic Information Systems– G IS– Managing geographic space using information

technology Spatial Information Systems (SIS)

– A better term?– Not widely used

Location-based Services (LBS)– Getting more and more popular– Focus on “services”

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Benefits of GIS to an Organization

Decreased costs Increased efficiencies Increased customer satisfaction Increased profits

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Foundations of GIS

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Foundations of GIS

Data Hardware Software Workflows Science

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GISGIS

ProceduresProcedures

DataData

HardwareHardware

SoftwareSoftwarePeoplePeople

Geographic Information System

ScienceScience

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Foundations of GIS

Data

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GIS Data - Key Concepts

Layers Features Surfaces Shape Size Point Line

Polygon Coordinate System Scale Attributes Records Fields Relations

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Data Layers

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GIS Data - Layers

GIS map vs. Paper map GIS map contains layers: collections of

geographic objects that are alike– See image on P-2

A layer may contain features or a surface– A layer that is a surface: “Oceans” in image on

P-2– A layer of features: cities, rivers…

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Data Features

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GIS Data - Features

A feature is a vector object– The Cities layer may have thousands of city

features.– Features have shape and size

A feature can be represented as a point, line or shape.

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GIS Data - Features Point features:

– Location represented as: (x,y)– cities, street lights

Line features:– Start (x0, y0),end ( x1, y1)– road, river

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GIS Data - Features

Polygon feature: – (x0, y0), (x1,y1)… (xN,yN) where

x0=xN and y0=yN

– parcel outline, house outline

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Data Surfaces

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GIS Data - Surfaces

A layer may contain a surface Also known as raster layer This is an array (grid) of measured values

for various locations on the earth’s surface See 3 images at the bottom of P-3 Each grid cell represents a unit of surface

area– E.g. 5meters X 5meters

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Feature Location

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GIS Data – Feature Location

Features have locations on earth GIS uses a grid to place a feature in the

appropriate location on the map A coordinate system is a grid that has an

origin (0,0) location Locations are specified as (x,y) values at an

x horizontal distance, and y vertical distance from the origin location– See figure on P-4

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Scale of Displayed Features

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GIS Data – Scale of Displayed Features Can zoom in to see features at a closer range. The zoom action changes the scale of the map Scale: the relationship between the size of

features on the map, and the size of the corresponding places in the real world

1:1,000,000 means features on map are one million times smaller than their true size– See figure on P-5

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Attributes of Features

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GIS Data – Feature’s Attributes

Information about features in a layer are stored in a table– The table has a record (row) for each feature in

the layer– The table has a field (column) for each category

of information – these categories are called attributes

– The table is known as the attribute table of a layer (see image on bottom of P-6)

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Relations between Features

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GIS Data – Spatial Relations

Features have spatial relations Can ask questions about features, but also

can ask questions about relations between features:– E.g. which roads cross Main St. ?– Which state’s capital city is closest to LA ?

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Examples of Data Layers

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Common Feature Data Layers

Road centerline layer Zip code polygon layer Control layer Survey layer Property boundaries (cadastral) layer Building outline layer Others? Business related layers?

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Common Surface Data Layers

Temperatures layer Elevations layer Terrain layer Others?

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More Foundations of GIS

Next week we will look at the remaining issues:– Hardware– Software– Workflows– Science

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GIS Demo

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Demo

Teaching Assistant: Juan Herrera

Demo of City of LA initial GIS Infrastructure Prototype

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Hands-on Exercises

Chapter 3 – Exploring ArcMap

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Chapter 3 – Exploring ArcMap

ArcMap: map display, analysis and some editing.

Introduction to the interface of ArcMap (P-15)– Main menu– Toolbars– Table of content (on left)– Map Display (on right)

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Chapter 3 – Exploring ArcMap

Objectives:– 3a: Display map data– 3b: Navigate a map– 3c: Looking at feature attributes

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3a: Display Map Data

Start ArcMap Open an existing map file: .mxd Turn display of layers on/off Zoom in / Zoom out Pan Identify features View full extent

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3b: Navigate a Map

Create / use bookmarks for navigation Measure distances

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3c: Looking at Feature Attributes

Open an attribute table corresponding to a later:– A feature on the map corresponds to an

attribute in the attribute table– Select an attribute corresponding feature

selected (P-42)

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Questions ?

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Your Project

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Your Project – Key Objectives

Apply the knowledge you gain in this course to a real-world organization.

Show how using the GIS technology you learn in this course improves a particular organization.

Select a company (or sector), research, determine and document the extent of its current use of GIS technology.

Propose new, GIS-related, ideas which will further enhance the organization (organization).

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Your Project

Graduate students expected to explore their topics to a substantially greater depth then undergraduate students.

Individually meet with each student to define topic and scope.

Project proposal due just before class in 2 weeks.

5% of your final course grade. Refer to the “Project Requirements” doc.

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Your Turn: Hands-on

Project meeting with students while you do the hands-on exercises in the book.

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Web Links

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Web Sites of the Week

A gateway to many GIS resources www.geoplace.com

If you find interesting GIS links, email me for inclusion in next lecture’s notes.

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Looking Forward

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Next Week’s Agenda

Continue: Foundations of GIS– (Data), Hardware, Software, Workflows,

Science

A survey of the GIS industry (time permitting)

Hands-on exercises:– Chapter 8 – Querying Data (8a and 8b only)– Chapter 9 – Joining and Relating Tables (time

permitting)