christina a. hughes, md director, ms regional program va puget sound hcs
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Christina A. Hughes, MDDirector, MS Regional Program
VA Puget Sound HCS
Tightness or stiffness in the muscles that impairs normal smooth motion.• May be beneficial:
Improved “strength” for transfers/mobility Improved blood flow Decreased swelling
Treat Spasticity when it begins to interfere with function, care-giving or causes discomfort
Stretching and other modalities Oral medications
• Baclofen• Tizanidine• Clonazepam• Dantrolene• Valium• Gabapentin
Injections• Botulinum toxin• Phenol
Intrathecal Baclofen
Reduce spasticity that interferes with activity, care and comfort
Facilitate rehabilitation therapies Improve function Improve ADLs Prevent spasticity related
complications• Pressure ulcers, contractures, pain
Reduce caregiver burden• Improve hygiene, transfers, catheterization
Small Titanium Disk (3cm diameter x 1cm thick)• Refillable Reservoir for liquid Medication• Computer chip regulates battery-operated
pump Flexible silicone catheter directs
medication to intrathecal space. Pump refilled every 1-3 months Pump replaced every 5-7 years
Person with MS who has significant spasticity that interferes with function, care-taking or causes discomfort.
Other therapy options are ineffective Other therapy options have too many side-effects Person is able to comply with refill and maintenance
schedules Person lives in an area that has quick access to care in
case of pump system difficulties. Person has sufficient body size to implant pump system Person does NOT have an active infection Person does NOT have hypersensitivity to baclofen Person has trialed test dose and had effective response
Try before you buy theory Given test dose of intrathecal baclofen
inserted through a needle. Works in 1-2 hrs
• Look for improved ROM• Look for reduction in spasticity
Wears off in 4-8 hrs May not be perfect dose
• OK because pump is fully titratible and programmable
May repeat test trial at different dose
Requires General Anesthesia 1st incision – Lower Abdomen
• Create a pocket for pump beneath skin (above muscle layer)
2nd incision – Lower Back• Insertion site for catheter to enter
Intrathecal Space Catheter is tunneled from back to
lower abdomen to connect to pump. Incisions heal in about 2 weeks
Anesthesia risks Bleeding Infection Spinal Fluid leak Initial alteration in bladder control Initial alteration in spasticity control
requiring titration of intrathecal medication
Pump Malfunction• Delivery of too much medication
Baclofen Overdose• Delivery of too little medication
Baclofen Withdrawal Catheter Malfunction
• Kinked catheter
Symptoms• Drowsiness, lightheadedness, dizziness,
somnolence, respiratory depression, seizures, loss of consciousness or comma.
Treatment• Be evaluated by a physician immediately• Maintain proper airway and breathing
precautions• Empty pump reservoir• May be given physostigmine • May have Lumbar puncture to reduce baclofen
in CSF
Symptoms of Underdose• Itching, low blood pressure, new sensory
symptoms, fever, change in mental status Symptoms of Withdrawal
• High fever, change in mental status, severe increase in spasticity or muscle stiffness.
• In severe cases can lead to muscle breakdown, multiple organ failure or death.
Immediately contact a physician (or ER) that is experienced with ITB therapy.• Even if symptoms seem mild• Have person and pump evaluated• Restore intrathecal baclofen infusion
If ITB therapy is unavailable• Start high-dose oral baclofen• Use IV benzodiazepines as needed
Your physician will• Interrogate the pump status• Check x-rays of the pump and catheter
system• Perform a pump refill procedure• System troubleshooting procedures• If needed, surgical repair, revision or
replacement of system components.
Clinic Procedure taking about 20 minutes
Uses a handheld device placed on skin to program the pump
Sterile technique to access port • Needle inserted through skin to access port
reservoir• Remove any Medication left• Refill reservoir fully with liquid Baclofen.• Reprogram pump to desired dosing schedule
OK to go through metal detectors• May set off alarm – have ID card with you
OT to have CT scan OK to have MRI (must interrogate
pump afterwards) OK to continue stretching and
activities OK to be near household appliances OK to scuba-dive (up to 10 meters)
www. Va.gov/MS www.nationalmssociety.org www.msworld.org http://professional.medtronic.com/
therapies/intrathecal-baclofen-therapy-for-severe-spasticity/
www.webmd.com www.medicinenet.com
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