choanoeca perplexa power point

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 Proterospongia choanojuncta

Choanoeca perplexa

Presented by:

Ashley Gura, Bexx Jaeger, Joey Tylka

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 Proterospongia choanojuncta: 

Debunked

● Misclassification due to Morphological Approach

- Dr. W. S. Kent, 1882:

- Attributed linking colonial forms to Proterospongia choanojuncta

- Dr. W. N. Ellis, 1930

- Attributed sedentary, unicells to Choanoeca perplexa

● Re-assessed Using the Molecular Approach

- Evolution from the Galapagos Two Centuries after Darwin: 

Molecular data proves that Choanoeca perplexa is molecularly identical to

the species Proterospongia choanojuncta and that colony formation is a life-cycle stage

●  Proterospongia choanojuncta is now discredited and referred to as Choanoeca

 perplexa

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Choanoeca perplexa

• Kingdom: Protozoa

• Phylum: Choanozoa

• Class: Choanoflagellatea

• Order: Craspedida

• Family: Codonosigidae

• Genus: Choanoeca

• Species: Choanoeca perplexa

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Phylogenetic Tree

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Physical Features

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Behavioral Features

● Reproduce asexually through a form of longitudinal fission

● Organisms tend to colonize together into planktonic clumps

that resemble berry-like clusters

● The collar structure of the C. perplexa rapidly

expands/contracts to assist in funneling in bacteria.

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Habitat and Distribution

• Individuals clump in large

colonies held together by

collar tentacle structures.

• Dispersed randomly in

marine waters around

Europe.

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Evolutionary Adaptations

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Population Ecology

• Exhibits taxis

• Growth: Logistic

• Regulation: Density

Dependent

• Life History Trait: r-type

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Ecosystem Ecology

• Absorption of bacteria occurs through

 pseudopodia assisted by the conical

structure of microvilli

• Once obtained, bacteria are digested through

 phagocytosis

• Choanoflagellates are eaten by krill and

therefore hold a vital place at the bottom of

the food chain

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Works Cited

Carr, M., B. S. C. Leadbeater, R. Hassan, M. Nelson, and S. L. Baldauf. "Molecular Phylogeny of

Choanoflagellates, the Sister Group to Metazoa." Proceedings of the National Academy of

Sciences 105.43 (2008): 16641-6646. Web.

Ellis W.N. 1929. Recent researches on the Choanoflagellata (Craspedomonadines). Ann. Soc. Roy.

Zool. Belg. 60, 49-88. Print.

Jürgens, K., and R. Massana. "Protist grazing on marine bacterioplankon."Microbial ecology of

the oceans, 2nd edn. Wiley-Liss, New York (2008): 383-442. Print.

King, Nicole, and Daniel Rokhsar. "The Genome of the Choanoflagellate Monosiga Brevicollis

and the Origin of Metazoans." Nature 451.7180 (2008): 783-88. Web.

Laybourn-Parry, Johanna. Protozoan Plankton Ecology. London: Chapman & Hall, 1992. Print.

Leadbeater, Barry S. C. "Life-history and Ultrastructure of a New Marine Species of

Proterospongia (Choanoflagellida)." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the

United Kingdom 63.01 (1983): 135. Web.

Trueba, Gabriel, and Carlos Montúfar. Evolution from the Galapagos: Two Centuries after

 Darwin. New York City: Springer, 2013. Print.

Waggoner, B. (n.d.). Proterospongia. Retrieved February 20, 2015, from http://www.ucmp.

 berkeley.edu/protista/proterospongia.html