china’s first civilizations did you know the chinese invented fireworks?
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China’s First Civilizations
Did you know the Chinese invented fireworks?
Looking Back – Looking Ahead
In earlier chapters, you learnedthat many civilizations developedin river valleys. China’s civilization
also began in a river valley, butmountains and deserts affected its
development.
Main Ideas• Rivers, mountains, and deserts
helped shape China’s civilization. (page 277)
• Rulers known as the Shang became powerful because they controlled land and had strong armies. (page 278)
• Chinese rulers claimed that the Mandate of Heaven gave them the right to rule. (page 281)
Main Idea• Rivers, mountains, and deserts
helped shape China’s civilization.
Huang He Tian Shan
Gobi Desert
Rivers, mountains, and deserts helped shape China’s civilization.• Huang He – Yellow River• Flooded (China’s Sorrow)
• Destroyed homes/Killed people• Left behind RICH silt• Could grow LARGE amounts of
food on very small farms
Nile Vs. Huang He
• Nile leaves 2 pounds of silt per cubic yard of topsoil
• Huang He leaves 57 pounds of silt per cubic yard of topsoil
Rivers, mountains, and deserts helped shape China’s civilization.• Chang Jiang/Yangtze River
Rich soil for farming• Only 1/10 of China’s land can be
farmed• Most of land is mountains and
deserts (bad for farms)
Rivers, mountains, and deserts helped shape China’s civilization.• Mountains and Deserts separated
China – Think about Egypt’s geography
• Himalaya – Southwest• Kunlun Shan and Tian Shan
mountains to the west• Gobi Desert – Cold/Rocky…East of
Tian Shan and Kunlun Shan
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Huang He River
Chang Jiang River
Kunlun Shan
Tian Shan
CHECK• What were the two important river
in early Chinese Civilization?• Huang He and Chang Jiang• What did the rivers provide?• Rich silt – could grow a lot of food
on small farms
CHECK
• What is the cold, rocky location east of the Tian Shan and Kunlun Shan Mountains?
• Gobi Desert
CHECK
• How was the effect of geography in China similar to the effect geography had on Ancient Egypt
• Geography (mountains/deserts) separated China from other civilizations
Main Idea• Rulers known as the Shang became powerful
because they controlled land and had strong armies.
SHANG
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POWERFUL!!
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Controlled Land
STRONG Army
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Shang Dynasty
• Huang He Valley – First center of Civilization in China
• First Dynasty – Xia – Know almost nothing about them
• Dynasty• A line of rulers who belong to the
same family
Shang Dynasty
• 2nd Rulers – Shang dynasty• Anyang – China’s 1st Capital City• Used Bronze weapons to take over
nearby areas• Warlords governed territories• Warlords
• Military leaders who command their own armies
Shang Dynasty
• King had LARGER armies to control borders
• Armies helped King keep power• Aristocrats – warlords and royal
officials (upper class)• Aristocrats passed power from
generation to generation
Shang Dynasty
• Few Artisans and traders• MOST people were FARMERS
• Farmers did not own land• Aristocrats owned the land
• Some slaves
Shang – gods and spirits
• People in Shang China worshipped gods and spirits.
• Tried to keep gods and spirits happy
• Angry gods and spirits were thought to cause bad events such as a poor harvest or loss in battle
Shang - Ancestors
• People in Shang China honored ancestors – offerings
• Hoped ancestors would bring good luck – help in times of need
Shang – Telling the Future
• Kings believed gods gave them special power and wisdom
• Priests scratched questions in oracle bones – hot metal rods made bones crack
• Priests interpreted the cracks as answers to the questions
Shang – Telling the Future
• Kings used answers from oracle to determine courses of action
• Scratches were first known Chinese writing
Chinese Writing
• Pictographs – pictures that represent objects
• Ideographs – pictures that represent ideas (2 or more pictographs combined)
Shang Artists
• Silk for fine clothes• Vases/Dishes of fine white clay• Statues of ivory and Jade• BEST KNOWN for bronze objects
CHECK
• 1st Chinese Capital• Anyang• Who ruled Shang territories?• Warlords• MOST Chinese people were…?• They were farmers
CHECK
• Shang worshipped…?\• Gods and spirits – tried to keep
them happy • Shang honored who?• Ancestors…hoped for help in time
of need…good luck
CHECK
• Chinese writing used __ and __?• Pictographs and Ideographs• Shang artisans were best known
for?• Bronze objects
Main Idea• Chinese rulers claimed that the
Mandate of Heaven gave them the right to rule.
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Right to RULE
Cruelty = Loss of Power
• Shang Kings were very wealthy most other people were VERY poor
• Kings began to treat the poor with cruelty
• Zhou Dynasty results from rebellion
Zhou Dynasty• Ruled for 800 years - longest rule
in Chinese history• King was head of government• Bureaucracy under King • Bureaucracy – appointed officials
who are in charge of different parts of government
Zhou Dynasty
• Aristocrats (not Warlords) ruled territories
• Aristocrats passed rule of territories to son or other relative when they died
• King main purpose was to carry out religious rituals – the people’s link to heaven
Zhou Dynasty
• Zhou Kings believed they were in charge of China because the gods wanted them there
• Mandate of Heaven• Gods chose King to rule with
goodness and wisdom
Mandate of Heaven
• King expected to rule according to Dao (proper way)
• King’s duty – keep gods happy• Bad harvest, loss in battle = angry
gods = king failed• People had the right to overthrow
and replace the king
Mandate of Heaven
• Gave people right to overthrow evil King
• Clearly stated King was not a god• Could only be questioned by
overthrowing the king
New Tools
• Irrigation developed during Zhou Dynasty
• Iron plows increased food production = larger population
• Silk = important trade item
Zhou Dynast Falls
• Over time – rulers of territories gained power and set up their own states
• States battled each other – 200 years – Period of the Warring Stated
Zhou Dynast Falls
• Used swords, spears, crossbows• Invented saddles and stirrups• Qin defeated other states with
huge cavalry
CHECK
• What is the Mandate of Heaven?• Mandate of Heaven says the gods
put kings in charge of China• Importance of Mandate• Kings had to be good rulers – gave
people right to overthrow
Check• Importance of Iron Plow• Led to increased land farmed,
increased population, increased trade
• Development that allowed Qin to create a cavalry and defeat other states during the Period of the Warring States
• Saddles and Stirrups
OK BIG PICTURE
• Test Prep
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