child psych historical foundations
Post on 07-Apr-2018
220 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
-
8/6/2019 Child Psych Historical Foundations
1/23
+
Child Psychology??? Psych 171First Semester, SY 2011-2012
UP Visayas
-
8/6/2019 Child Psych Historical Foundations
2/23
+ Developmental Psychology
- takes into account development throughout thelifespan
- the branch of psychology devoted tounderstanding all changes that human beingsexperience throughout the lifespan
Child Psychology- takes into account development from conception
through adolescence
- field of study devoted tounderstanding all aspects of
human growth fromconception throughadolescence
-
8/6/2019 Child Psych Historical Foundations
3/23
+Historical Foundations
-
8/6/2019 Child Psych Historical Foundations
4/23
+Historical Foundations
-
8/6/2019 Child Psych Historical Foundations
5/23
+Historical Foundations
-
8/6/2019 Child Psych Historical Foundations
6/23
+Historical Foundations
-
8/6/2019 Child Psych Historical Foundations
7/23
+Historical Foundations
-
8/6/2019 Child Psych Historical Foundations
8/23
+Historical Foundations
-
8/6/2019 Child Psych Historical Foundations
9/23
+Historical Foundations
-
8/6/2019 Child Psych Historical Foundations
10/23
+Historical Foundations
-
8/6/2019 Child Psych Historical Foundations
11/23
+An Emerging Consensus
All domains of development are interrelated Normal development includes a wide range of individual
difference
Children help shape their own development and influenceothers responses to them
Historical and cultural contexts strongly influence development Early experience is important, but children can be remarkably
resilient
Development in childhood is connected to developmentthroughout the rest of the life
-
8/6/2019 Child Psych Historical Foundations
12/23
+Important Concepts
Quantitative Change Change in number or amount Can you give an example?
Qualitative Change Change in kind, structure or organization Can you give an example?
-
8/6/2019 Child Psych Historical Foundations
13/23
+Important Concepts
Influences on Development Heredity Inborn influences or traits inherited from biological
parents
Environment Totality of nonhereditary, or experiential, influenceson development
Maturation Unfolding of a natural sequence of physical andbehavioral changes, including readiness to master new abilities
-
8/6/2019 Child Psych Historical Foundations
14/23
+Important Concepts
Normative Influences
Nonnormative Influences
-
8/6/2019 Child Psych Historical Foundations
15/23
+Important Concepts
Major Contextual InfluencesFamily : Nuclear or ExtendedSocioeconomic Status : Income, Education,
Occupation
Neighborhood, Nutrition, Schooling Risk Factors conditions that increase the likelihood of
negative developmental outcomes
Culture and EthnicityThe Historical Context time
-
8/6/2019 Child Psych Historical Foundations
16/23
+Important Concepts
Normative Influences Normative age-graded influences - are highly similar for
people in a particular age group
Normative history-graded influences are common to aparticular cohort (group of people who share a similar experience)
Nonnormative Influences unusual events that have a major impact
on individual lives and may cause stressbecause they are unexpected
-
8/6/2019 Child Psych Historical Foundations
17/23
+Important Concepts
Critical Periods Specific time when a given event, or its absence has the greatest
impact on development
Plasticity Modifiability of performance
-
8/6/2019 Child Psych Historical Foundations
18/23
+Domains of Development
Physical Development e.g., growth of the brain and body, sensory and motor skills,
health
Cognitive Development e.g., learning, memory, language, thinking, reasoning
Psychosocial Development e.g., personality, emotional life, and social relationships
-
8/6/2019 Child Psych Historical Foundations
19/23
+Periods of Development
Prenatal Period Conception to birthInfancy Birth to age 3
Early Childhood 3 to 6
Middle Childhood 6 to 11
Adolescence 11 to about 20
SocialConstruction
-
8/6/2019 Child Psych Historical Foundations
20/23
+Theoretical Issues
Theory Coherent set of logically related concepts that seeks to
organize, explain, and predict data
Hypotheses Tentative explanations or predictions that can be tested by further
research
-
8/6/2019 Child Psych Historical Foundations
21/23
+Issue 1: Heredity or Environment
Theorists have differed in the relative importance they giveto nature and nurture
How do these two work together?
-
8/6/2019 Child Psych Historical Foundations
22/23
+Issue 2: Are children active or
passive in their development?Mechanistic ModelViews development as a passive predictable response to stimuli
Organismic ModelViews development as internally initiated by an active organism
and as occurring in a sequence of qualitatively different stages
-
8/6/2019 Child Psych Historical Foundations
23/23
+Issue 3: Is development continuous
or does it occur in stages? Can you think of Theories that adhere to a continuous view of
development?
Theories that adhere to a discontinuous view ofdevelopment?
N.B.: lessons were culled
from Berk (1997) and
Papalia, Olds & Feldman (2007, 2010)
top related